DIN EN ISO 15927-6-2007 Hygrothermal performance of buildings - Calculation and presentation of climatic data - Part 6 Accumulated temperature differences (degree-days) (ISO 15927-.pdf

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1、November 2007DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 10No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 91.120.10; 91.120.30!

2、$JKJ“1394039www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 15927-6Hygrothermal performance of buildings Calculation and presentation of climatic data Part 6: Accumulated temperature differences (degree-days)(ISO 15927-6:2007)English version of DIN EN ISO 15927-6:2007-11Wrme- und feuchteschutztechnisches Verhalten von Gebude

3、n Berechnung und Darstellung von Klimadaten Teil 6: Akkumulierte Temperaturdifferenzen (Gradtage) (ISO 15927-6:2007)Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 15927-6:2007-11www.beuth.deDocument comprises 19 pagesDIN EN ISO 15927-6:2007-11 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee

4、 ISO/TC 163 “Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components” (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden). Civil Engineering Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 005-56-99 AA Feuchte. Fo

5、r the International Standard referred to in clause 2 of this standard there is no DIN Standard available. buildings Calculation and presentation of climatic data: Part 1: Monthly and annual means of single meteorological elements Part 2: Hourly data for design cooling load Part 3: Calculation of a d

6、riving rain index for vertical surfaces from hourly wind and rain data Part 4: Hourly data for assessing the annual energy use for heating and cooling Part 5: Data for design heat load for space heating Part 6: Accumulated temperature differences (degree days) The responsible German body involved in

7、 its preparation was the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and DIN EN ISO 15927 c onsists of the following parts under the general title Hygrothermal performance of EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 15927-6September 2007ICS 07.060; 91.120.10English VersionHygrothermal performanc

8、e of buildings - Calculation andpresentation of climatic data - Part 6: Accumulated temperaturedifferences (degree-days) (ISO 15927-6:2007)Performance hygrothermique des btiments - Calcul etprsentation des donnes climatiques - Partie 6: carts detemprature cumuls (degrs-jour) (ISO 15927-6:2007)Wrme-

9、und feuchteschutztechnisches Verhalten vonGebuden - Berechnung und Darstellung von Klimadaten -Teil 6: Akkumulierte Temperaturdifferenzen (Gradtage)(ISO 15927-6:2007)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 June 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations w

10、hich stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European St

11、andard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national sta

12、ndards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kin

13、gdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 15927-6:2007: ECon

14、tents Page 2 Foreword 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units . 5 4 Direct calculation of accumulated temperature differences . 7 5 Estimation of totals 10 6 Reference altitude 11 7 Accuracy and presentation of data 12 Annex A (informative) Est

15、imation of monthly accumulated temperature differences from climatological statistics .14 Bibliography .17 EN ISO 15927-6:2007 (E) Foreword This document (EN ISO 15927-6:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163 “Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment“ in collabo

16、ration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components“, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March

17、 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2008. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republ

18、ic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 15927-6:2007 has b

19、een approved by CEN as a EN ISO 15927-6:2007 without any modification. 3 EN ISO 15927-6:2007 (E) Introduction Accumulated temperature differences are a relatively simple form of climatic data, useful as an index of climate severity as it affects energy use for space heating. Calculation or estimatio

20、n of accumulated temperature differences in this part of ISO 15927 is based on the concept of a base temperature. The base temperature reflects the point at which buildings begin to need heating to maintain the required internal temperatures. This is the external temperature below which the heating

21、plant is assumed to come into operation. For some purposes, such as development of energy policy, the need is for a single base temperature that can be taken to represent an average value for the whole built stock and overall climate. For other purposes, it is better to determine a base temperature

22、appropriate to an individual building and time of year. This part of ISO 15927 meets these needs by including both exact and approximate methods of determining accumulated temperature differences to both standard and variable base temperatures. Some methods include the possibility of a threshold tem

23、perature (e.g. a daily mean air temperature lower than the base temperature, above which accumulated temperature differences are not counted). This approach is found in certain national methods of computation. It is, however, not covered in this part of ISO 15927 because it is considered to be less

24、flexible than the methods given, in which accumulated temperature differences are assessed for a base temperature appropriate to the thermal performance of the building (taking account of other climatic conditions such as solar irradiation). Accumulated temperature differences computed and presented

25、 in accordance with this part of ISO 15927 are suitable for various purposes including the following: a) providing an index of climatic severity as it affects energy use for space heating (the comparison use); b) monitoring the amount of energy used by a heating plant, and thus its efficiency (the e

26、nergy management use); c) comparing the actual energy consumption for heating in a specific period with the consumption in a standardized period in order to determine the measured rating (the energy modelling use); d) predicting the economic consequences of different levels of energy efficiency (e.g

27、. through thermal insulation) for the building stock as a whole or for different classes of building (the energy policy use). Energy management list item b) requires new accumulated temperature difference data at regular intervals, such as meteorological station data or data representative of a clim

28、atic region, calculated to standard base temperatures, published for each month of the heating season as soon as these can be computed from verified meteorological observations. Comparison, energy modelling and energy policy list items a), c) and d) require meteorological station data, data represen

29、tative of a climatic region or mapped data, collected over many years (possibly giving extremes as well as mean values), to typify the severity of the climate of a locality, area or region. For list item b), accumulated temperature differences are best suited to modelling the energy performance of r

30、elatively small buildings with simple heating systems and controls, using “steady-state” thermal analysis. Modelling the performance of larger or more complex buildings can require more extensive climatological data sets, such as full or short “test reference years” which are outside the scope of th

31、is part of ISO 15927. In principle the equations in this part of ISO 15927 can be reversed to deal with accumulated temperature differences for assessing energy use in cooling or air-conditioning buildings (“cooling degree-hours” or “cooling degree-days”). However, as the air conditioning demand dep

32、ends as much on solar gain and external humidity as temperature, the results are not a reliable index of energy demand. 4 EN ISO 15927-6:2007 (E) 1 Scope This part of ISO 15927 specifies the definition, method of computation and method of presentation of data on accumulated temperature differences,

33、used for assessing the energy used for space heating in buildings. These are normally expressed in degree-hours or degree-days, and such data are often referred to simply as “heating degree-hours” or “heating degree-days”. This part of ISO 15927 includes approximate methods for calculating accumulat

34、ed temperature differences based on hourly or daily mean temperatures and for estimating monthly values to any base temperature, for use when data computed directly from meteorological air temperature records are not available. In some countries, a threshold temperature different from the base tempe

35、rature is used. This part of ISO 15927 does not cover this. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (i

36、ncluding any amendments) applies. ISO 6243, Climatic data for building design Proposed system of symbols WMO Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation, No. 8., 6thEdition, 19961)3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document,

37、the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 hourly temperature difference difference between a specified base temperature and the external air temperature during a given hour when the difference is positive, otherwise zero 1) World Meterorological Organization: http:/www.wmo.ch/pages/catalogue/

38、New%20HTML/frame/engfil/8.html 5 EN ISO 15927-6:2007 (E) 3.1.2 daily temperature difference difference between a specified base temperature and the mean external air temperature during a given day when the difference is positive, otherwise zero 3.1.3 accumulated hourly temperature difference sum of

39、all hourly temperature differences over a given period, e.g. day, month, season, year 3.1.4 accumulated daily temperature difference sum of all daily temperature differences over a given period, e.g. day, month, season, year 3.1.5 base temperature any conventional temperature, for instance the inter

40、nal design temperature less decrements due to internal and solar gains 3.1.6 daily maximum and daily minimum temperatures maximum and minimum external dry-bulb temperatures during a day, which may be taken either as the highest and lowest of the 24 hourly mean temperatures, recorded from 01:00 to 24

41、:00, or as the recorded extremes on a maximum/minimum thermometer 3.1.7 hourly mean temperature average of instantaneous external air temperatures during an hour or, in the absence of continuous measurements, the air temperature measured at a particular moment (e.g. on the hour) 3.1.8 daily mean tem

42、perature average of the hourly mean temperatures over a day or, if that is not available, the arithmetic mean of the daily maximum and minimum temperatures NOTE See 4.6. 3.1.9 monthly mean temperature long-term average of daily mean temperatures for a particular month (e.g. over a period of at least

43、 10 years) 3.1.10 standard deviation of hourly mean temperature standard deviation of hourly mean temperatures about the monthly mean temperature, based on long-term data 3.1.11 standard deviation of daily mean temperature standard deviation of daily mean temperatures about the monthly mean temperat

44、ure, based on long-term data 3.1.12 reference altitude altitude above mean sea level to which accumulated hourly or daily temperature difference data refer 3.1.13 lapse rate of temperature rate at which monthly mean temperature falls with increasing altitude 6 EN ISO 15927-6:2007 (E) 3.2 Symbols and

45、 units Symbol Quantity Unit haccumulated hourly temperature difference Kh h(d)accumulated hourly temperature difference expressed in degree-days Kd daccumulated daily temperature difference Kd L lapse of temperature with altitude K/m NMnumber of days in a month Sdstandard deviation of daily mean tem

46、perature about the monthly mean K Shstandard deviation of hourly mean temperature about the monthly mean K z altitude above reference level m hhourly temperature difference K ddaily temperature difference K Ndnumber of days in any period Nhnumber of hours in any period bbase temperature C dxdaily ma

47、ximum temperature C dndaily minimum temperature C dmdaily mean temperature C hmhourly mean temperature C Mmmonthly mean temperature C 4 Direct calculation of accumulated temperature differences 4.1 General The methods of calculation in 4.4 and 4.5 shall be used when accumulated temperature differenc

48、e values can be derived directly from hourly or daily temperature data for a specified base temperature. They apply when the values are calculated to standard base temperatures and may be used in some cases for non-standard base temperatures. Accumulated hourly temperature differences shall be calcu

49、lated according to 4.4 when hourly data are available. When hourly data are not available, the approximate method given in 4.5, based on the maximum and minimum temperatures each day, may be used. Accumulated daily temperature differences shall be calculated according to 4.6. 4.2 Sources of data The temperatures used to calculate accumulated temperature difference values shall have been measured by the methods specified in WMO Guide No.8. 4.3 Standard base temperatures The recommended standard base temperature is 1