DIN EN ISO 13732-3-2008 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces - Part 3 Cold surfaces (ISO 13732-3 2005) Eng.pdf

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1、December 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 15No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.180!$TVa“1495162ww

2、w.din.deDDIN EN ISO 13732-3Ergonomics of the thermal environment Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact withsurfaces Part 3: Cold surfaces (ISO 13732-3:2005),German version EN ISO 13732-3:2008English version of DIN EN ISO 13732-3:2008-12Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung Bewertungs

3、methoden fr Reaktionen des Menschen bei Kontakt mit Oberflchen Teil 3: Kalte Oberflchen (ISO 13732-3:2005),Deutsche Fassung EN ISO 13732-3:2008Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 13732-3:2008-12SupersedesDIN EN ISO 13732-3:2006-02www.beuth.deDocument comprises 29 pagesDIN EN ISO 13732-3:2008-12 2 Start of

4、validity This standard takes effect on 1 December 2008. DIN EN ISO 13732-3:2006-02 may be used in parallel until 28 December 2009. National foreword This standard includes safety requirements. This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” in collaboration with Techni

5、cal Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, Working Group WG 3 “Surface temperatures” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany) in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Ergonomie (Er

6、gonomics Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 023-00-05 AA Ergonomie der physikalischen Umgebung, ErgPhysU. Amendment of the EU Machinery Directive has made it necessary to update the previous edition, EN ISO 13732-3:2005, which takes into account the essential requirements of the new EU Mac

7、hinery Directive, 2006/42/EC. This standard concretizes the basic requirements set out in Annex I of the EU Machinery Directive 98/37/EC (valid until 28 December 2009) and the new EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC which becomes applicable on 29 December 2009 relating to machinery to be placed on the

8、 EEA market, with the intent of simplifying the means of proving conformity with such requirements. Once this standard is designated a harmonized standard in the Official Journal of the European Union, a manufacturer applying this standard may assume compliance with the requirements of the Machinery

9、 Directive (the so-called “presumption of conformity”). Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 13732-3:2006-02 as follows: a) Inclusion of Annex ZB (informative) “Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC”. Previous editions DIN E

10、N ISO 13732-3: 2006-02 EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 13732-3September 2008ICS 13.180 Supersedes EN ISO 13732-3:2005 English VersionErgonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for theErgonomie des ambiances thermiques - Mthodesdvaluation de la rponse humaine au contact ave

11、c dessurfaces - Partie 3: Surfaces froides (ISO 13732-3:2005)Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung -Bewertungsmethoden fr Reaktionen des Menschen beiThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 August 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the

12、 conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in t

13、hree official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of A

14、ustria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMM

15、ITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 13732-3:2008: EPart 3: Cold surfaces

16、 (ISO 13732-3:2005)assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces -(ISO 13732-3:2005)Kontakt mit Oberflchen - Teil 3: Kalte OberflchenDIN EN ISO 13732-3:2008-12 EN ISO 13732-3:2008 (E)2 Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Page Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the E

17、ssential Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Scope 5 Foreword3 Normative references 5 Principles for risk assessment.6 Terms and definitions .5 Principles for measures to minimize the risk .15 Annex A (informative) Scientific background16 Annex B (inf

18、ormative) Extension of application18 Annex C (informative) Thermal properties of selected materials19 Annex D (informative) Examples of cold risk assessment 20 Annex E (informative) Protective measures 23 Principles for establishing limit values .14 Bibliography 26Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/

19、EC 24 Risk assessment 13 Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC 25 Introduction .4 Threshold data .8 Foreword The text of ISO 13732-3:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 1

20、3732-3:2008 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards s

21、hall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 1373

22、2-3:2005. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral part of this

23、 document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irela

24、nd, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 13732-3:2005 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 13732-3:2008 without any modification. DIN EN I

25、SO 13732-3:2008-12 EN ISO 13732-3:2008 (E)3 Introduction This European Standard is a type B standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The provisions of this document may be supplemented or modified by a type C standard. NOTE For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have b

26、een designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type B standard. Working with unprotected hands is often inevitable in the cold operation when a precision task is demanded. However the contact of

27、bare skin with cold surfaces reduces skin temperature, causing acute effects such as discomfort, pain, numbness or frostbite. In addition repeated cold exposures with severe cooling of the skin may induce non-freezing cold injury (possible damage of nerves or vessels). Although the existing internat

28、ional standards are at hand for the assessment of the cold hazards involved, no standard concerns the special problems of contacting cold surfaces so far. Assessment of contact cooling is thus considered necessary. To assess the risk of the cold injury, it is necessary to know the major factors affe

29、cting principally hand/finger cooling on cold surfaces. These factors involve: properties of the object surface; temperature of the cold surface and ambience; duration of contact between the skin and the surface; characteristics of hand/finger skin and the type and nature of the contact. In practice

30、, these factors are somewhat interacted and complicated. The type of contact material has an impact on the contact time at various cold temperatures. Thus, the contact time for the critical contact temperature limits on cold surfaces were empirically correlated with the major factors such as thermal

31、 penetration coefficient and surface temperature of the material, respectively. The statistically non-linear models (empirical models) based on the database of lower quartile (75 % protected) are able to estimate the finger/hand contact cooling of a large range of individuals on the cold surfaces. T

32、his European Standard is designed to integrate all results obtained from the experimental research with both human fingers and an artificial finger. It outlines a guideline document for the specification of safe time limits of hand/finger contact with various cold surfaces. DIN EN ISO 13732-3:2008-1

33、2 EN ISO 13732-3:2008 (E)4 1 Scope This European Standard describes methods for the assessment of the risk of cold injury and other adverse effects when a cold surface is touched by bare hand/finger skin. This standard provides ergonomics data to establish temperature limit values for cold solid sur

34、faces. The values established can be used in the development of special standards, where surface temperature limit values are required. The data of this standard will be applicable to all fields where cold solid surfaces cause a risk of acute effects: pain, numbness and frostbite. The data are not l

35、imited to the hands but apply to human skin in general. The standard is applicable to the healthy skin of adults (females and males). Considerations on the extension of applications are given in Annex B. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application

36、of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, metho

37、dology (ISO 12100-1:2003) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following apply. 3.1 touchable surface surface of a product, which can be touched by a person 3.2 surface temperature Tstemperature of a material surfac

38、e in C 3.3 critical contact temperature Tccontact temperature at which defined skin response criteria are elicited in C 3.4 contact period D duration during which contact of the skin with the surface takes place in s 3.5 thermal inertia product of density (), thermal conductivity (K) and specific th

39、ermal capacity (c) of a material DIN EN ISO 13732-3:2008-12 EN ISO 13732-3:2008 (E)5 3.6 contact factor Fcthermal penetration coefficient, computed as square root of the thermal inertia NOTE The mathematical definition is: cFc= .where is the density of a material; is the thermal conductivity of a ma

40、terial; c is the thermal capacity of a material. 3.7 percentile percentage of population of which specific characteristics fall below or above a given value in a cumulative distribution EN ISO 11064-4 4 Principles for risk assessment 4.1 General In order to assess the risk of cold injury and other e

41、ffects, the following steps (4.2 to 4.8) shall be carried out. 4.2 Identification of cold touchable surfaces All essential information concerning the cold touchable surfaces of the object shall be gathered. This shall include the objects attributes: a) accessibility of the surface; b) rough estimati

42、on of surface temperatures (above or below 0 C); c) material and texture of the cold surface; d) all operating conditions of the object where contact with the cold surface is needed (including the worst case). 4.3 Task observation and analysis According to the activities and tasks required, all nece

43、ssary information concerning the contact with the cold surface shall be collected, by observation or analysis. Particular attention should be paid to possible intentional and unintentional contact with cold surfaces. The type and nature of the contact shall be identified from the task observation an

44、d analysis: a) cold surfaces which are or can be touched; b) intentional or unintentional touching; c) frequency of intentional touching; d) probability of unintentional touching; e) duration of contact with the cold surface; f) contacting area; g) contacting force. DIN EN ISO 13732-3:2008-12 EN ISO

45、 13732-3:2008 (E)6 4.4 Classification of contact with a cold surface 4.4.1 General The type of contact is classified according to the following two categories: 4.4.2 Finger touching Subjects contact a defined material during a short period (up to 120 s). The contact area is small (only finger pad).

46、4.4.3 Hand gripping Subjects grip an object of defined material. Gripping is applied constantly for a longer period (up to 1 200 s). 4.5 Measurement of surface temperature The surface temperatures shall be measured on those parts of the object where skin contact with the surface can occur. The measu

47、rement shall be carried out under real operating conditions of the object by thermocouples. The accuracy of the instrument shall be 0,5 C in a range from 25 to + 5 C and 1 C below 25 C (see ISO 7726:2001 and 4). NOTE The results of the measurement of the surface temperature can only be compared with

48、 the threshold values of Clause 5, if they are realized using the same physical measurement principle which was used for the determination of the threshold values of Clause 5. The application of a different measuring principle, e.g. a radiation thermometer, can lead to other results which are not co

49、mparable with the threshold values. 4.6 Period The contact period of bare skin with a cold surface can be measured or estimated according to values in Table D.1. 4.7 Classification of type of effect on skin during contact 4.7.1 General Type of effect shall be determined according to the following criteria. 4.7.2 Frostbite The effect is predicted from a drop in contact temperature to below 0 C, at which the contacting skin tissue will freeze. 4.7.3 Numbness The effect is predicted from a drop in contact temperature to arou