DIN EN 16253-2013 Air quality - Atmospheric measurements near ground with active Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) - Ambient air and diffuse emission measurements.pdf

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1、September 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 27No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).

2、ICS 13.040.20!%(p“2059477www.din.deDDIN EN 16253Air quality Atmospheric measurements near ground with active Differential OpticalAbsorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) Ambient air and diffuse emission measurements;English version EN 16253:2013,English translation of DIN EN 16253:2013-09Luftqualitt Messungen

3、 in der bodennahen Atmosphre mit der aktiven Differentiellen OptischenAbsorptionsspektroskopie (DOAS) Immissionsmessungen und Messungen von diffusen Emissionen;Englische Fassung EN 16253:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16253:2013-09Qualit de lair Mesurages atmosphriques proximit du sol par Spec

4、troscopie dAbsorption OptiqueDiffrentielle (DOAS) active Mesurages de lair ambiant et des missions diffuses;Version anglaise EN 16253:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16253:2013-09www.beuth.deDocument comprises 88 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritativ

5、e.This standard has been included in the VDI/DIN Handbook on air quality, Volume 5. 08.13 DIN EN 16253:2013-09 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16253:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany), Worki

6、ng Group WG 18 “Open path optical methods for the measurement of ambient air quality” (Secretariat and Convenership: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft (KRdL) im VDI und DIN Normenausschuss (Commission on Air Pollution Preve

7、ntion of VDI and DIN Standards Committee). The DIN Standard corresponding to the International Standard referred to in this document is as follows: ISO 13752 DIN ISO 13752 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 13752, Air quality Assessment of the uncertainty of a measurement method un

8、der field conditions using a second method as reference EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16253 July 2013 ICS 13.040.20 English Version Air quality - Atmospheric measurements near ground with active Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) - Ambient air and diffuse emis

9、sion measurements Qualit de lair - Mesurages atmosphriques proximit du sol par Spectroscopie dAbsorption Optique Diffrentielle (DOAS) active - Mesurages de lair ambiant et des missions diffuses Luftqualitt - Messungen in der bodennahen Atmosphre mit der aktiven Differentiellen Optischen Absorptionss

10、pektroskopie (DOAS) - Immissionsmessungen und Messungen von diffusen Emissionen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 May 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nation

11、al standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A versi

12、on in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Cz

13、ech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

14、EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16253:2013: EEN 16253:20

15、13 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Terms and definitions .5 3 Symbols and abbreviations 6 3.1 Symbols 6 3.2 Abbreviations .7 4 Principle 7 4.1 General 7 4.2 Configuration of the measurement system 8 4.3 The Beer-Lambert law .9 4.4 Extended Beer-Lambert law 10 4.5 Different

16、ial optical density . 11 5 Measurement procedure 15 5.1 General . 15 5.2 Principle . 16 6 Measurement planning . 19 6.1 Definition of the measurement task 19 6.2 Selection of measurement parameters of the DOAS system . 19 7 Procedure in the field . 20 7.1 Installation and start-up of the instrument

17、20 7.2 Verification of optical properties . 21 7.3 Visibility . 21 8 Calibration methods . 22 8.1 General . 22 8.2 Gas cell calibration . 22 8.3 Calibration with complete spectral modelling . 23 9 Quality assurance . 25 9.1 Measurement procedure 25 9.2 Apparent saturation of absorption bands 26 Anne

18、x A (informative) Components of the measurement system 27 Annex B (informative) Influence of scattered solar radiation 34 Annex C (informative) Examples of implementations of the DOAS technique 36 Annex D (informative) Performance characteristics . 46 Annex E (informative) SI and common symbols and

19、units in spectroscopy . 51 Annex F (informative) Application examples 52 Annex G (informative) Example of sample form for a measurement record 80 Bibliography . 84 DIN EN 16253:2013-09 EN 16253:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16253:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air

20、 quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 201

21、4. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisat

22、ions of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malt

23、a, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16253:2013-09 EN 16253:2013 (E) 4 Introduction Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) has been successfully progressed, starting in the late 1970s, fr

24、om a laboratory based method to a versatile remote sensing technique for atmospheric trace gases. In the DOAS measuring process, the absorption of radiation in the ultraviolet, visible or infrared spectral range by gaseous constituents is measured along an open monitoring path between a radiation so

25、urce and a spectrometer, and the integral concentration over the monitoring path is determined. DOAS systems support direct multi-constituent measurements. They provide alternative measuring techniques in that they can handle a large number of measuring tasks which cannot be adequately addressed by

26、in situ techniques based on point measurements. Examples of such tasks include the monitoring of diffuse emissions from area sources such as urban settlements 1, traffic routes, sewage treatment plants and industrially or agriculturally used surface areas; the minimisation of production losses throu

27、gh a detection of leaks in equipment zones or pipeline systems; or ambient air monitoring in any of the above-mentioned applications. With an appropriate measuring set-up, the local air pollution can usually be assessed very quickly. Measurements can be taken effectively even in areas which are diff

28、icult or impossible to access, or where the direct presence of personnel or equipment would be hazardous. The measurement in the open atmosphere eliminates potential losses by sample handling. An overview on the DOAS measurement technique can be found in 2. DIN EN 16253:2013-09 EN 16253:2013 (E) 5 1

29、 Scope This European Standard describes the operation of active DOAS measuring systems with continuous radiation source, the calibration procedures and applications in determining gaseous constituents (e.g. NO2, SO2, O3, BTX, Hg) in ambient air or in diffuse emissions. 2 Terms and definitions For th

30、e purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 active DOAS DOAS with artificial radiation source 2.2 background spectrum spectrum taken by the DOAS system with the light beam blocked or the lamp switched off Note 1 to entry: The background spectrum results mainly from sc

31、attered sunlight. 2.3 complete spectral modelling process of using synthetic spectra to match with observed experimental spectra 2.4 dark spectrum spectrum which identifies the thermal effects of the detector when no radiation is admitted to the detector 2.5 electronic offset spectrum spectrum which

32、 identifies the electronic effects of the detector when no radiation is admitted to the detector 2.6 instrument line shape ILS mathematical function which describes the effect of the instruments response on a monochromatic line 2.7 intensity radiant power per unit solid angle (non-collimated beam) o

33、r per unit area (collimated beam) 2.8 lamp spectrum spectrum which is achieved by admitting direct light from the lamp to the spectrometer 2.9 monitoring path actual path in space over which the pollutant concentration is measured and averaged 2.10 open-path measurement measurement which is performe

34、d in the open atmosphere 2.11 path length distance that the radiation travels in the open atmosphere DIN EN 16253:2013-09 EN 16253:2013 (E) 6 2.12 reference spectrum spectrum of the absorbance versus wavelength for a pure gaseous sample under defined measurement conditions and known and traceable co

35、ncentrations 2.13 signal-to-noise ratio ratio between the signal strength and its standard deviation 3 Symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Symbols a() specific absorption coefficient at wavelength ai() specific absorption coefficient of constituent i at wavelength a0i() portion of the specific absorption

36、coefficient which varies little with the wavelength )(ia portion of the specific absorption coefficient which varies strongly with the wavelength aMMie scattering coefficient aRRayleigh scattering coefficient c mass concentration cAEaerosol mass concentration cimass concentration of constituent i cL

37、Mdensity of air djcoefficient j of a polynomial D() optical density D() differential optical density i index number I(, l) intensity of received radiation of wavelength after a path-length l I0() intensity of emitted radiation of wavelength )(0l,I differential initial intensity Imod() modelled inten

38、sity l length of the monitoring path Mimolar mass of component i DIN EN 16253:2013-09 EN 16253:2013 (E) 7 p atmospheric pressure R molar gas constant (= 8,3145 J/(molK) S() intensity of scattered solar radiation of wavelength T ambient temperature ximixing ratio of component i () attenuation factor

39、of the optical system 3.2 Abbreviations DOAS Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy IR Infrared UV Ultraviolet UV/VIS Ultraviolet/Visible 4 Principle 4.1 General The DOAS measurement is based on the principle whereby the atmospheric concentration of gaseous constituents is quantified on the ba

40、sis of their characteristic absorption of radiation. The radiation spectrum examined for this purpose ranges from near ultraviolet to near infrared (approximately 250 nm to 2 500 nm). Accordingly, the analysed absorption of radiation will be based on electronic transitions in molecules and, possibly

41、, atoms and in the near infrared on molecular vibrational transitions. The method shows high selectivity and sensitivity due to the following combination of features: The measurement of radiation intensities is conducted with a high spectral resolution (0,1 nm to 1 nm) over a broad spectral range co

42、mprising numerous vibrational and/or rotational bands of one or more electronic transition(s). Reference spectra are fitted to the measured spectra by the least squares method. Thus, the characteristic absorption structures of the target compounds are employed to identify the measured compounds. Sup

43、erimposed absorption structures of other constituents may be separated. Since the structured spectral absorption is analysed, unusually low optical densities (in some cases below 103) can be identified. This fact, in conjunction with the long monitoring paths (usually from ca. 100 m to several kilom

44、etres, depending on the compounds to be measured) in the open atmosphere, yields low limits of detection for the trace gases. Quasi-continuous absorptions resulting from absorption processes by particles and droplets (e.g. radiation attenuation due to aerosol dispersion or decreasing transmittance o

45、f the optical system) as well as moderate fluctuations of the radiation intensity will not affect the result over a wide measurement range because in this technique differential absorption is used rather than the absolute absorption. DIN EN 16253:2013-09 EN 16253:2013 (E) 8 4.2 Configuration of the

46、measurement system Open-path techniques measure the concentration path-length product of one or more species in the atmosphere within a defined, extended optical path. The concentration of the species is derived from this measurement value. Two of the basic configurations for an open-path monitoring

47、 system are given in Figure 1 and Figure 2. In the bistatic system (Figure 1) the transmitter and the detector are separated at the two ends of the optical path. The monostatic system (Figure 2) operates by transmitting the optical beam into the atmosphere to a passive retroreflector which returns t

48、he beam to the detector. Key 1 DOAS spectrometer 2 Telescope for radiation collection 3 Ambient air 4 Monitoring path 5 Radiation source with collimating optics Figure 1 Bistatic arrangement for DOAS remote sensing DIN EN 16253:2013-09 EN 16253:2013 (E) 9 Key 3 Ambient air 4 Monitoring path 6 DOAS spectrometer including radiation source 7 Telescope for transmission and collection of radiation 8 Retro-reflector Figure 2 Monostatic arrangement for DOAS remote sensing In the bist