DIN EN 16144-2012 Liquid petroleum products - Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number (DCN) of middle distillate fuels - Fixed range injection period constant vol.pdf

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1、May 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75

2、.160.20!$|$“1890194www.din.deDDIN EN 16144Liquid petroleum products Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number (DCN) ofmiddle distillate fuels Fixed range injection period, constant volume combustion chambermethodEnglish translation of DIN EN 16144:2012-05Flssige Minerallerzeugnisse B

3、estimmung des Zndverzugs und der abgeleiteten Cetanzahl (ACZ) vonMitteldestillatkraftstoffen Verfahren mit festen Einspritzzeiten in einer Verbrennungskammer konstanten VolumensEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 16144:2012-05Produits ptroliers liquides Dtermination du dlai dinflammation et de lindice d

4、e ctane driv (ICD) des distillatsmoyens Mthode avec priode dinjection fixe et chambre de combustion volume constantTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 16144:2012-05www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.2303.12 DIN EN 16144:2012

5、-05 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body invol

6、ved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-06-43 AA Motorische Prfung von flssigen Kraftstoffen of the Fachausschuss Minerall- und Brennstoffnormung (FAM). The European and International Standards referred to in Cla

7、use 2 of this document have been published as the corresponding DIN EN or DIN EN ISO Standards with the same number, except for those below, which correspond as follows: EN ISO 3696 DIN ISO 3696 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specificat

8、ion and test methods EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16144 March 2012 ICS 75.160.20 English Version Liquid petroleum products - Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number (DCN) of middle distillate fuels - Fixed range injection period, constant volume combustion c

9、hamber method Produits ptroliers liquides - Dtermination du dlai dinflammation et de lindice de ctane driv (ICD) des distillats moyens - Mthode avec priode dinjection fixe et chambre de combustion volume constant Flssige Minerallerzeugnisse - Bestimmung des Zndverzugs und der abgeleiteten Cetanzahl

10、(ACZ) von Mitteldestillatkraftstoffen - Verfahren mit festen Einspritzzeiten in einer Verbrennungskammer konstanten Volumens This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 January 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giv

11、ing this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three off

12、icial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies o

13、f Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United

14、 Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16144:2012: EE

15、N 16144:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Principle 65 Reagents and materials 66 Apparatus .77 Sampling .98 Apparatus assembly and installation 99 Preparation of apparatus 99.1 System start-up and warm-up 99.2 Standard oper

16、ating conditions 109.3 Standard test conditions 1010 Calibration, verification and quality control 1110.1 General . 1110.2 Calibration . 1110.3 Apparatus verification 1110.4 Quality control (QC) 1211 Test procedure 1212 Calculation . 1313 Expression of results . 1314 Precision 1414.1 General . 1414.

17、2 Repeatability 1414.3 Reproducibility 1515 Test report . 15Annex A (normative) Combustion analyzer description . 16Annex B (normative) Operational details in support to the standard test procedure . 18Bibliography . 21DIN EN 16144:2012-05 EN 16144:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16144:2012) h

18、as been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an i

19、dentical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not

20、be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, E

21、stonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16144:2012-05 EN 16144:2012 (E) 4 Introduction This

22、document is derived from joint standardization work in the Energy Institute and ASTM International. It is based on IP 567/09 1 published by the Energy Institute and technically equivalent with ASTM D7170 2. The described method is an alternative quantitative determination of the cetane number of mid

23、dle distillate fuels intended for use in compression ignition engines. Correlation studies between this method and EN ISO 5165:1998 3 have been done and the results of this are incorporated in this European Standard. The basis of this method is the derived cetane number correlation equation as given

24、 in Clause 12. The ongoing validation of the equation is monitored and evaluated through the existing monthly American and European fuel exchange programs. The validation data will be reviewed by CEN/TC 19 with a frequency of at least every two years. As a result of the review, CEN/TC 19 may make th

25、e decision to, if necessary, modify the existing equation/correlation or develop a new one. As part of this review, the sample types will be examined, and if certain types are underrepresented, further steps may be taken to evaluate how they perform. For the moment the basics of one type of apparatu

26、s are described. Once more correlation data on different types of derived cetane number testing equipment is available, CEN/TC 19 will consider revising this European Standard. DIN EN 16144:2012-05 EN 16144:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a test method for the quantitative determ

27、ination of ignition delay of middle distillate fuels intended for use in compression ignition engines. The method utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber designed for operation by compression ignition, and employing direct injection of fuel into compressed air that is controlled to a specified

28、 pressure and temperature. An equation is given to calculate the derived cetane number (DCN) from the ignition delay measurement. This method is applicable to diesel fuels, including those containing FAME. The method is also applicable to middle distillate fuels of non-petroleum origin, although use

29、rs applying this standard are warned that the relationship between ignition characteristics and engine performance in unconventional fuels is not yet fully understood. The standard covers the ignition delay range from 2,9 ms to 5,0 ms (60 DCN to 35 DCN). NOTE For the purpose of this European Standar

30、d, the expression “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction (), and “% (m/m)” the mass fraction (). WARNING The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is

31、 the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indis

32、pensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids Manual sampling (ISO 3170) EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids Automatic pipeline sa

33、mpling (ISO 3171) EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696) ISO 1998-2, Petroleum industry Terminology Part 2: Properties and tests ISO 4010, Diesel engines Calibrating nozzle, delay pintle type DIN 73372, Fuel injection nozzles, size T and U 3 Terms

34、and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1998-2 and the following apply. 3.1 cetane number CN measure of the ignition performance of a fuel in a standardized engine test on a scale defined by reference fuels Note 1 to entry: It is expressed as the per

35、centage by volume of hexadecane (cetane) in a reference blend having the same ignition delay as the fuel for analysis. The higher the cetane number, the shorter the ignition delay. Note 2 to entry: ISO 1998-2 expresses it as “number on a conventional scale, indicating the ignition quality of a diese

36、l fuel under standardized conditions“, but for this document the definition as given is chosen. DIN EN 16144:2012-05 EN 16144:2012 (E) 6 3.2 ignition delay ID period of time, in milliseconds, between the start of fuel injection and the start of combustion Note 1 to entry: In the context of this stan

37、dard, this period is determined by movement and pressure sensors in the instrument. 3.3 derived cetane number DCN calculated value using an equation that correlates a combustion analyser ignition delay result to the cetane number 3.4 accepted reference value ARV value agreed upon as a reference for

38、comparison Note 1 to entry: The value is derived as (1) a theoretical or established value, based in scientific principles, (2) an assigned value, based on experimental work of some national or international organization, or (3) a consensus value, based on collaborative experimental work under the a

39、uspices of a scientific or engineering group. 3.5 quality control sample stable and homogenous material(s) similar in nature to the materials under test, properly stored to ensure integrity, and available in sufficient quantity for repeated long-term testing 3.6 calibration reference fluid stable an

40、d homogenous fluid used to calibrate the performance of the combustion analyzer 3.7 verification reference fluid stable and homogenous fluid used to verify the performance of the combustion analyzer 4 Principle A test portion of the material under test is injected into a heated temperature-controlle

41、d constant volume combustion chamber which has previously been charged with compressed air. Sensors detect the start of injection and the start of combustion for each single-shot cycle. A complete test sequence consists of two preliminary combustion cycles to ensure apparatus equilibrium and 25 subs

42、equent test cycles to obtain ignition delay values. The average ignition delay (ID) of these 25 cycles is inserted into an equation to obtain the derived cetane number (DCN). The DCN obtained by this procedure is an estimate of the cetane number (CN) obtained from the conventional large-scale engine

43、 test EN ISO 5165 3. 5 Reagents and materials 5.1 Water, unless otherwise specified, meeting the requirements of grade 3 of EN ISO 3696. 5.2 Coolant system fluid, 50:50 volumetric mixture of commercial grade ethylene glycol-type radiator antifreeze with water (5.1). NOTE This mixture meets the boili

44、ng point requirements and gives adequate protection of the coolant system against corrosion and mineral scale that can alter heat transfer and rating results. See the manufacturers manual for the correct ethylene glycol-type antifreeze quality. DIN EN 16144:2012-05 EN 16144:2012 (E) 7 5.3 Calibratio

45、n reference fluid, heptane of a purity of minimum 99,5 % (m/m) to be used as the designated 3,15 ms accepted ignition delay reference value material. NOTE If the initial purity is not known and during a long-time stored reference fluid, it is advised to check the purity in accordance with IP 537 4.

46、5.4 Verification reference fluid, methylcyclo-hexane of a purity of minimum 99,0 % (m/m) to be used as the designated 10,1 ms ignition delay accepted reference value material. NOTE 1 If the initial purity is not known and during a long-time stored reference fluid, it is advised to check the purity i

47、n accordance with IP 537 4. NOTE 2 Experience has found some MCH meeting the purity specification but not meeting the Ignition Delay requirements (typically 1 ms to 1,5 ms shorter). It is recommended that new material be qualified prior to use. 5.5 Quality control sample, stable and homogenous mater

48、ial(s), similar in nature to the materials under test (see 3.5) 5.6 Charge air, of oxygen content 20,9 % (V/V) 1,0 % (V/V), containing less than 0,5 g/g carbon monoxide, less than 1,0 g/g carbon dioxide, less than 5 g/g water, less than 0,1 g/g oxides of nitrogen, less than 0,1 g/g sulfur dioxide, and containing less than 0,1 g/g total hydrocarbons. NOTE This grade air is