DIN EN 16087-1-2012 Soil improvers and growing media - Determination of the aerobic biological activity - Part 1 Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) German version EN 16087-1 2011《土壤改良剂和生长基质 .pdf

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1、January 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 9No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS

2、 65.080!$y+J“1860839www.din.deDDIN EN 16087-1Soil improvers and growing media Determination of the aerobic biological activity Part 1: Oxygen uptake rate (OUR)English translation of DIN EN 16087-1:2012-01Bodenverbesserungsmittel und Kultursubstrate Bestimmung der aeroben biologischen Aktivitt Teil 1

3、: Sauerstoffaufnahme (OUR)Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16087-1:2012-01Amendements du sol et supports de culture Dtermination de lactivit biologique arobie Partie 1: Cintique dabsorption de loxygne (OUR)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16087-1:2012-01www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of dou

4、bt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.1401.12 DIN EN 16087-1:2012-01 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 223 “Soil improvers and growing media” (Secretariat: ASI, Austria). The responsib

5、le German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Lebensmittel und landwirtschaftliche Produkte (Food and Agricultural Products Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 057-03-01 AA Bodenverbesserungsmittel und Kultursubstrate. DIN EN 16087 consists of the following parts, under t

6、he general title Soil improvers and growing media Determination of the aerobic biological activity: Part 1: Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) Part 2: Self heating test for compost The International Standards referred to in this document have been published as the corresponding DIN EN or DIN EN ISO Standards

7、with the same number, except for that below, which corresponds as follows: EN ISO 3696 DIN ISO 3696 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16087-1 November 2011

8、 ICS 65.080 English Version Soil improvers and growing media - Determination of the aerobic biological activity - Part 1: Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) Amendements du sol et supports de culture - Dtermination de lactivit biologique arobie - Partie 1: Cintique dabsorption de loxygne (OUR) Bodenverbesserun

9、gsmittel und Kultursubstrate - Bestimmung der aeroben biologischen Aktivitt - Teil 1: Sauerstoffaufnahme (OUR) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 September 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Eur

10、opean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versio

11、ns (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, B

12、elgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN C

13、OMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16087-1:2011: EEN 16087-1:2011 (E)

14、 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Principle 4 4 Apparatus .4 4.1 Testing facility 4 4.2 Pressure transducer 4 4.3 CO2-absorbent containing unit .4 4.4 Reaction vessel 4 4.5 Mixing device .4 4.6 Balance .5 4.7 pH meter .5 4.8 Dispenser 5 4.9 Glassware .5 4.10 Sieve 5 5

15、Reagents .5 5.1 Water of class 35 5.2 pH buffer .5 5.3 Macro nutrient solution .5 5.4 Micro nutrient solution 5 5.5 Complete nutrient solution .5 5.6 Nitrification inhibitor .5 5.7 CO2absorbant .6 5.8 NaOH (0,5 mol/l) .6 5.9 HCl (0,5 mol/l) .6 6 Procedure .6 6.1 Sample preparation .6 6.2 Determinati

16、on of moisture content and organic matter content 6 6.3 Starting the procedure 6 6.4 Respiration measurement .7 7 Calculations 7 7.1 Theoretical background 7 7.2 Calculations 7 8 Test report 8 Annex A (informative) Validation .9 Annex B (informative) Specific information on the OUR-test 10 Bibliogra

17、phy . 12 DIN EN 16087-1:2012-01 EN 16087-1:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16087-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 223 “Soil improvers and growing media”, the secretariat of which is held by ASI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, eit

18、her by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENE

19、LEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Care should be taken when handling substances of caustic nature or samples that may contain sharps or is of a dusty nature. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards or

20、ganizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,

21、Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16087-1:2012-01 EN 16087-1:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes a method to determine the aerobic biological activity of growing media and soil improvers or constituents thereof by measuri

22、ng the oxygen uptake rate (OUR). The oxygen uptake rate is an indicator of the extent to which biodegradable organic matter is being broken down within a specified time period. The method is not suitable for material with a content of particle sizes 10 mm exceeding 20 %. 2 Normative references The f

23、ollowing referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refer-ences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13039, Soil improvers and growing media Determinat

24、ion of organic content and ash EN 13040, Soil improvers and growing media Sample preparation for chemical and physical tests, determination of dry matter content, moisture content and laboratory compacted bulk density EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (I

25、SO 3696:1987) 3 Principle The material is suspended in water. The respiration rate (i.e. oxygen uptake rate) is estimated by measuring the pressure drop in the headspace (i.e. gas phase in the closed space above the water phase). The produced CO2 (carbon dioxide) is removed by a suitable alkaline ab

26、sorbent. The measurements are performed under defined conditions. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Testing facility Temperature controlled room, climate cabinet or water bath, temperature adjustable to (30 2) C. 4.2 Pressure transducer Operating range 0 kPa to 20 kPa (accuracy 0,1 kPa) and record for measuring 2 to

27、4 times per hour for seven days. 4.3 CO2-absorbent containing unit 4.4 Reaction vessel 1000 ml to 2500 ml with a CO2-absorbent containing unit (see 4.3) and the pressure transducer (see 4.2) gastight connected (see Figure B.1). 4.5 Mixing device Shaking table (120 20) rpm or magnetic stirring unit a

28、nd banded magnetic stirrer (see Figure B.2). DIN EN 16087-1:2012-01 EN 16087-1:2011 (E) 5 4.6 Balance With a scale interval of 0,01 g. 4.7 pH meter With slope adjustment and temperature control. 4.8 Dispenser Dispensers or pipettes, adjustable units of 0,5 ml. 4.9 Glassware Beakers and measuring cyl

29、inder. 4.10 Sieve 10 mm mesh size. 5 Reagents 5.1 Water of class 3 According to EN ISO 3696. 5.2 pH buffer 86 g/l KH2PO4, 89 g/l Na2HPO4 2H2O, mix ratio of 1: 4 for pH 7; the solution is stable for 2 months if stored at (5 3) C. Commercially available buffers may be used as well. 5.3 Macro nutrient

30、solution Solve the following masses of chemical compounds in 1000 ml water (see 5.1): 4,3 g NH4Cl, 5,4 g CaCl2 2H2O, 4,3 g MgSO4 7H2O, 0,03g FeCl3 6H2O. 5.4 Micro nutrient solution Solve the following masses or volumina of chemical compounds in 1000 ml water (see 5.1): 5,0 g EDDHA 6 % iron chelate,

31、1,4 g MnSO4, 1,1 g ZnSO4, 4,2 g Na2B4O7, 0,2 g CuSO4, 0,13 g Na2MoO4, 1 ml/l HCl (36 %). 5.5 Complete nutrient solution Add 1 ml of micro nutrients solution (see 5.4) to 1000 ml of macro nutrient solution (see 5.3). The solution is stable for 2 months if stored at (5 3) C. 5.6 Nitrification inhibito

32、r 4 g/l N-Allylthiourea, C4H8N2S (ATU). NOTE In closed containers, the solution is stable for at least 3 months. DIN EN 16087-1:2012-01 EN 16087-1:2011 (E) 6 5.7 CO2absorbant Such as NaOH-pellets, KOH-pellets or soda lime (mixture of Ca(OH)2,NaOH, KOH and water), preferably with colour indicator. 5.

33、8 NaOH (0,5 mol/l) 5.9 HCl (0,5 mol/l) 6 Procedure 6.1 Sample preparation The fresh sample shall be homogenised by hand. Break up lumps and agglomerates only and pass the sample through a 10 mm sieve (see 4.10). Particles 10 mm shall not be broken up and shall be removed. Record the % mass of partic

34、les 10 mm. If this amount is 20 % of the total fresh mass the test is not applicable. The moist sample shall be stored at (5 3) C (max. 2 weeks). 6.2 Determination of moisture content and organic matter content The moisture content shall be determined according to EN 13040 and the organic matter con

35、tent according to EN 13039. 6.3 Starting the procedure Calculate the mass of fresh material to be added to the reaction vessel based on 2 g of organic matter (EOM) per litre according to Equation (1). mom2 0 0 0 0(g ) WW=E O M (1) where Wom is the organic matter content, in % mass of the dried sampl

36、e according to EN 13039; Wm is the moisture content, in % mass of the fresh sample according to EN 13040. Calculate the required mass of sample (Ws) to perform the test according to Equation (2). V(g) s CEOM=W(2) where CV is the capacity of the vessel in litres. Place the calculated quantity of the

37、sample in the clean reaction vessel (see 4.4). Add 180 ml water and 10 ml complete nutrient solution (see 5.5) using a dispenser (see 4.8). Add 10 ml pH buffer (see 5.2) using a dispenser (see 4.8). Add 2,5 ml nitrification inhibitor (see 5.6) using a dispenser (see 4.8). Place the sample on the mix

38、ing device (see 4.5) and start the mixing for 4 h to 8 h in the conditioned room (see 4.1). Do not close the bottles. The nitrification inhibitor is added to prevent the use of oxygen for nitrification processes. Then measure the pH of the suspension. The value should be between 6,5 and 7,5. If this

39、 is not the case, base or acid should be added (see 5.8 and 5.9). DIN EN 16087-1:2012-01 EN 16087-1:2011 (E) 7 The analyses shall be performed at least in duplicate. NOTE At first instance an equivalent of 2 g organic matter should be used for analysis. If it appears during the test that the pressur

40、e drop during the first three days is not higher than 2 kPa then the amount of organic matter should be increased but with a maximum of 20 g dry matter. If on the other hand the pressure drop during the first three days is more then 5 kPa the amount of organic matter should be adjusted to 1 g. 6.4 R

41、espiration measurement Fill the CO2-absorber unit (see 4.3) with the absorbant (see 5.7). The pellets can be used several times. Before every use they shall be inspected for colour changes. If the colour has changed they shall be replaced. Replace the bottle top sensor and ensure a gas-tight fit. St

42、art the shaking table (120 20) rpm or magnetic stirrer (between 180 rpm and 450 rpm) and measure the pressure during seven days. Record the pressure 2 to 4 times per hour during seven days with the connected pressure transducer (see 4.2). The measurement ends in principle after seven days but can be

43、 ended if the pressure difference between the maximum and minimum value is more than 10 kPa. NOTE If a magnetic stirrer is used and the amount of sand and gravel in the sample is high, it is important to ensure that the stirrer is not in contact with the base. To check the tightness of the measureme

44、nt system, it is necessary to include a blank measurement without sample material, but all necessary solutions. 7 Calculations 7.1 Theoretical background The pressure drop as a function of time in principle looks like Figure B.3. During the first period (0 to 8) h the pressure rises by the rising pr

45、essure of water vapour in the headspace. Thereafter is a short period (0 to 12) h in which the pressure is more or less stable. This is the growing phase of microorganisms and is dependent on the amount of active microorganisms initially present. In the third period, the pressure drops linearly and

46、in the fourth phase the pressure drop decreases to become constant. In the final phase the oxygen runs out. From the pressure drop in the third period the respiration rate is determined (see Figure B.3). The pressure drop shall not be more than 10 kPa (this is equivalent to a decrease of the oxygen

47、content from 20 % to 10 %), because at a higher pressure drop the oxygen supply to the water can be limiting (see Veeken 1). 7.2 Calculations The oxygen consumption (Oc, in mmol O2/kg OM) is calculated from the pressure drop ( P) in the headspace according to Equation (3): OMDMW VTR P=O c 1000015,27

48、3( 10 g a s )(3) where Oc is the oxygen consumption, in mmol O2/kg OM; P is the pressure drop in the headspace, in kPa; R is the gas constant (83,14 L . kPa . K-1 . mol-1); T is the temperature the measurement is performed, in C; W is the initial mass of the sample, in kg; DM is the dry matter content of the sample, in % mass; DIN EN 16087-1:2012-01 EN 16087-1:2011 (E) 8 OM is the organic matter content of the sample, in % DM mass; Vgas is the volume of the gas phase, in ml. l i q u i dv e