DIN EN 15863-2015 Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour test for basic characterization - Dynamic monolithic leaching test with periodic leachant renewal under fixed condi.pdf

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1、June 2015 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 22No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 1

2、3.030.10!%CDt“2323381www.din.deDDIN EN 15863Characterization of waste Leaching behaviour test for basic characterization Dynamic monolithic leaching test with periodic leachant renewal, underfixed conditions;English version EN 15863:2015,English translation of DIN EN 15863:2015-06Charakterisierung v

3、on Abfllen Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens fr die grundlegende Charakterisierung Dynamisches Elutionsverfahren fr monolithische Abflle mit periodischer Erneuerung desElutionsmittels unter festgelegten Prfbedingungen;Englische Fassung EN 15863:2015,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 15863:2015-06Car

4、actrisation des dchets Essais de comportement la lixiviation pour la caractrisation de base Essai de lixiviation dynamique des monolithes avec renouvellement priodique du lixiviant,dans des conditions dessai fixes;Version anglaise EN 15863:2015,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 15863:2015-06SupersedesDI

5、N CEN/TS 15863(DIN SPEC 91239):2012-11www.beuth.deDocument comprises 64 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.05.15DIN EN 15863:2015-06 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 15863:2015) has been prepared by Techni

6、cal Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the DIN-Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (DIN Standards Committee Water Practice), Working Committee NA 119-01-02-05 UA Elutionsverfahren of NA 119-01-02 AA Ab

7、fall- und Bodenuntersuchung. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows, whereby EN ISO Standards are only listed below if these have not been published as DIN EN ISO Standards with the same number: EN ISO 3696 DIN ISO 3696 ISO 5725-2:1

8、994 DIN ISO 5725-2:2002-12 The original EN document contains wrong formulae in Table B.2. These have been corrected in the German version of DIN EN 15863 and correspondingly in the English version. Amendments This standard differs from DIN CEN/TS 15863 (DIN SPEC 91239):2012-11 as follows: a) perform

9、ance characteristics have been added in Clause 10; b) Annex E “Repeatability and reproducibility data” has been added; c) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 15863 (DIN SPEC 91239): 2012-11 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 3696, Water for analy

10、tical laboratory use Specification and test methods DIN ISO 5725-2:2002-12, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISC

11、HE NORM EN 15863 April 2015 ICS 13.030.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15863:2012English Version Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour test for basic characterization - Dynamic monolithic leaching test with periodic leachant renewal, under fixed conditions Caractrisation des dchets - Essais de comport

12、ement la lixiviation pour la caractrisation de base - Essai de lixiviation dynamique des monolithes avec renouvellement priodique du lixiviant, dans des conditions dessai fixes Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens fr die grundlegende Charakterisierung -Dynamisches Elut

13、ionsverfahren fr monolithische Abflle mit periodischer Erneuerung des Elutionsmittels unter festgelegten Prfbedingungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 February 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving t

14、his European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official

15、 versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Aus

16、tria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swed

17、en, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CE

18、N national Members. Ref. No. EN 15863:2015 EEN 15863:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .8 4 Principle . 10 5 Reagents 10 6 Equipment . 11 7 Sample preparation 12 7.1 General . 12 7.2 Preparation of the test portion 12 7.3 D

19、etermination of the geometric surface area 12 8 Procedure 13 8.1 Testing conditions 13 8.2 Step 1 of the leaching procedure 13 8.3 Steps 2 8 of the leaching procedure 13 8.4 Weight loss of the monolithic waste during the test 14 8.5 Further preparation of the eluates for analysis . 14 8.6 Blank test

20、 . 15 9 Calculations . 15 9.1 Expression of results . 15 9.1.1 General . 15 9.1.2 Expression of results in terms of area related release . 16 9.1.3 Expression of results in concentrations 17 9.1.4 Calculation of release mechanism 17 10 Performance characteristics . 17 11 Documentation and test repor

21、t . 18 11.1 General . 18 11.2 General data 18 11.3 Leaching test conditions . 18 11.4 Analytical report 18 11.5 Results of the leaching test . 19 Annex A (informative) Identification of release mechanisms and use of test results . 20 A.1 Introduction . 20 A.2 Examples of factors influencing the leac

22、hing of monolithic waste 20 A.3 Long term release prediction 22 Annex B (informative) Assessment of release mechanisms (if required) 23 B.1 Overview of release mechanisms . 23 B.2 Procedure of identification of release mechanisms . 24 B.3 Concentrations close to the limit of quantification . 25 B.3.

23、1 Overall low concentrations 25 B.3.2 Surface wash-off followed by low concentrations 26 B.4 Diffusion controlled release of a substance 26 DIN EN 15863:2015-06 EN 15863:2015 (E) 3 B.4.1 Identification of diffusion controlled release . 26 B.4.2 Surface wash-off preceding diffusion-controlled release

24、 . 28 B.4.3 Diffusion-controlled release followed by depletion . 28 B.4.4 Surface wash-off preceding diffusion-controlled release followed by depletion . 28 B.5 Dissolution controlled release of a substance . 28 B.6 Other release mechanism . 29 B.6.1 Unidentified release mechanism . 29 B.6.2 Surface

25、 wash-off of a substance . 29 B.6.3 Depletion of a substance 30 B.6.4 Surface wash-off and depletion . 31 B.7 Calculation of release . 31 B.7.1 Area release . 31 B.7.2 Surface wash-off 31 B.7.3 Release in the case of dissolution . 31 B.7.4 Extrapolation of the cumulative area release for larger time

26、 values . 31 B.8 Examples 32 Annex C (informative) Examples of data about the L/A ratio 51 Annex D (informative) Process map for EN 15863 . 52 Annex E (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data 54 E.1 Material used in the interlaboratory comparison study 54 E.2 Interlaboratory comparison r

27、esults . 54 Bibliography 61 DIN EN 15863:2015-06 EN 15863:2015 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15863:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standar

28、d, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. C

29、EN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15863:2012. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document was elaborated on

30、the basis of NEN 7345:1995. The following significant technical changes have been implemented in this new edition of the text: the status of the document has been changed from a CEN/TS into a European Standard; performance data has been added (see Annex E). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regu

31、lations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, I

32、taly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 15863:2015-06 EN 15863:2015 (E) 5 Introduction This document has been developed primarily to support the requirements for

33、leaching behaviour testing within EU and EFTA countries. This document specifies a dynamic leaching test for monolithic waste materials, to determine key parameters to address the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials. For the complete characterization of the leaching behaviour of waste u

34、nder specified conditions the application of other test methods is required (see EN 12920). Anyone dealing with waste and sludge analysis should be aware of the typical risks of that kind of material irrespective of the parameter to be determined. Waste and sludge samples can contain hazardous (e.g.

35、 toxic, reactive, flammable, infectious) substances, which can be liable to biological and/or chemical reaction. Consequently these samples should be handled with special care. Gases which can be produced by microbiological or chemical activity are potentially flammable and will pressurize sealed bo

36、ttles. Bursting bottles are likely to result in hazardous shrapnel, dust and/or aerosol. National regulations should be followed with respect to all hazards associated with this method. In the different European countries, tests have been developed to characterize and assess the constituents which c

37、an be leached from waste materials. The release of soluble constituents upon contact with water is regarded as one of the main mechanism of release which results in a potential risk to the environment during life-cycle of waste materials (disposal or re-use scenario). The intent of these tests is to

38、 identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The complexity of the leaching process makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviour can be addressed in one single standard. Procedures to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be di

39、vided into three steps, using different tests in relation to the objective. The following test hierarchy is taken from the Landfill Directive 1)and the Decision on Annex II of this Directive 2)for disposal of waste. a) Basic characterization constitutes a full characterization of the waste by gather

40、ing all the necessary information for a safe management of the waste in the short and long term. Basic characterization may provide information on the waste (type and origin, composition, consistency, leachability, etc.), information for understanding the behaviour of waste in the considered managem

41、ent scenario, comparison of waste properties against limit values, and detection of key variables (critical parameters as liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity and physical parameters) for compliance testing

42、 and options for simplification of compliance testing. Characterization may deliver ratios between test results from basic characterization and results from simplified test procedures as well as information on a suitable frequency for compliance testing. In addition to the leaching behaviour, the co

43、mposition of the waste should be known or determined by testing. The tests used for basic characterization should always include those to be used for compliance testing. b) Compliance testing is used to demonstrate that the sample of today fits the population of samples tested before by basic charac

44、terization and through that, is used to carry out compliance with regulatory limit values. The compliance test should therefore always be part of the basic characterization program. The compliance test focuses on key variables and leaching behaviour identified by basic characterization tests. Parts

45、of basic characterization tests can also be used for compliance purposes. 1) Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste. 2) Council Decision 2003/33/EC of 19 December 2002. DIN EN 15863:2015-06 EN 15863:2015 (E) 6 c) On-site verification tests are used as a rapid check to

46、 confirm that the waste is the same as that which has been subjected to characterization or compliance tests. On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests. The test procedure described in this document is a basic characterization test and falls in category a). According to EN 12920

47、the evaluation of the release of constituents from waste materials in a certain scenario involves the performance of various tests. This document describes one of the parametric test that can be used for such purposes, especially for monolithic waste. The test procedure allows the determination of t

48、he release under dynamic conditions of constituents from a monolithic waste material, as a function of time. This release is calculated from the concentrations of the constituents measured in the solution (eluate) that is collected in a fixed number of separate fractions. Besides, the following test

49、 conditions are fixed: the type of leachant, the temperature, the liquid to surface area ratio (L/S), and the duration of the test. Results of this test, combined with those from other tests (e.g. EN 14429) and the use of more or less sophisticated models, allow the identification of the main leaching mechanisms that can be distinguished, such as diffusion, dissolution of constituents, initial surface wash-off, dissolution of the matrix (see Annex A). These intrinsic properties can be used to predict the release of constituents at a give