DIN EN 1367-1-2007 Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates - Part 1 Determination of resistance to freezing and thawing English version of DIN EN 1367-1 2007-06《集.pdf

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1、June 2007DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 9No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 91.100.15!,y$Z“9860155www.

2、din.deDDIN EN 1367-1Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates Part 1: Determination of resistance to freezing and thawingEnglish version of DIN EN 1367-1:2007-06Prfverfahren fr thermische Eigenschaften und Verwitterungsbestndigkeit vonGesteinskrnungen Teil 1: Bestimmung des Widerstan

3、des gegen Frost-Tau-WechselEnglische Fassung DIN EN 1367-1:2007-06SupersedesDIN EN 1367-1:2000-01www.beuth.deDocument comprises 14 pages 09.07DIN EN 1367-1:2007-06 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 154 “Aggregates” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom). The responsible Germa

4、n body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 062-03-13 AA Gesteinskrnungen, Prf-verfahren, Petrographie, Probenahme und Przision. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 1367-1:2000-01 as follows: a) Te

5、mperature tolerances have been modified. b) “Determination of the strength loss after freeze-thaw cycling” is now in the informative Annex B. c) Informative Annex B “Guidance note for very severe freeze-thaw conditions” has been deleted. d) The standard has been editorially revised. Previous edition

6、s DIN 52104-1: 1928-04, 1942x-11, 1976-05, 1982-11 DIN EN 1367-1: 2000-01 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1367-1 March 2007 ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 1367-1:1999 English Version Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of resistance to

7、freezing and thawing Essais de dtermination des proprits thermiques et de laltrabilit des granulats - Partie 1: Dtermination de la rsistance au gel-dgel Prfverfahren fr thermische Eigenschaften und Verwitterungsbestndigkeit von Gesteinskrnungen - Teil 1: Bestimmung des Widerstands gegen Frost-Tau-We

8、chsel This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 February 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographi

9、cal references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CE

10、N member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, It

11、aly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-

12、1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1367-1:2007: EEN 1367-1:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions4 4 Principle 5 5 Apparatus .5 6 Sampling .5 7

13、Test specimens 5 7.1 General5 7.2 Size of test specimens.7 7.3 Preparation of test specimens7 8 Procedure .7 8.1 Soaking .7 8.2 Exposure to freezing under water 7 9 Determination of the percentage mass loss .8 10 Test report 9 Annex A (informative) Precision 10 Annex B (informative) Determination of

14、 the strength loss after freeze-thaw cycling 11 Bibliography 12 EN 1367-1:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1367-1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154 “Aggregates“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national stand

15、ard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2007. This document supersedes EN 1367-1:1999. This European Standard is one of a series of tests for thermal and weath

16、ering properties of aggregates as listed below: EN 1367-2, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates Part 2: Magnesium sulfate test EN 1367-3, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates Part 3: Boiling test for “Sonnenbrand basalt“ EN 1367-4, Tests for thermal and weat

17、hering properties of aggregates Part 4: Determination of drying shrinkage EN 1367-5, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates Part 5: Determination of resistance to thermal shock prEN 1367-6, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates Part 6: Resistance to freezing an

18、d thawing in the presence of salt Test methods for other properties of aggregates will be covered by parts of the following European Standards: EN 932, Tests for general properties of aggregates EN 933, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates EN 1097, Tests for mechanical and physical propert

19、ies of aggregates EN 1744, Tests for chemical properties of aggregates EN 13179, Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous mixtures According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Au

20、stria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 1367-1:2

21、007 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a test method which provides information on how an aggregate behaves when it is subjected to the cyclic action of freezing and thawing. NOTE The stresses on aggregates due to frost depend, amongst other factors, on the degree of water saturation as

22、well as the rate of cooling. The results provide a means for assessing an aggregates resistance to this form of weathering. The test is applicable to aggregates having a particle size between 4 mm and 63 mm. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applicat

23、ion of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 932-1, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 1: Methods for sampling EN 932-2, Tests for general properti

24、es of aggregates Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 5: Common equipment and calibration EN 933-2, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution Test sieves, nominal size of ape

25、rtures EN 1097-2, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 test specimen sample used in a single determinat

26、ion when a test method requires more than one determination of a property 3.2 laboratory sample reduced sample derived from a bulk sample for laboratory testing 3.3 constant mass successive weightings after drying at least 1 h apart not differing by more than 0,1 % NOTE In many cases constant mass c

27、an be achieved after a test portion has been dried for a pre-determined period in a specified oven at (110 5) C. Test laboratories can determine the time required to achieve constant mass for specific types and sizes of sample dependent upon the drying capacity of the oven used. EN 1367-1:2007 (E) 5

28、 4 Principle Test portions of single sized aggregates, having been soaked in water at atmospheric pressure, are subjected to 10 freeze-thaw cycles. This involves cooling to -17,5 C under water and then thawing in a water bath at about 20 C. After completion of the freeze-thaw cycles, the aggregates

29、are examined for any changes (crack formation, loss in mass and, if appropriate, changes in strength). The test method consists of soaking at atmospheric pressure and storage in water for thorough water absorption (see 8.1) and exposure to frost action under water (see 8.2). 5 Apparatus 5.1 All appa

30、ratus, unless otherwise stated, shall conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5. 5.2 Ventilated drying oven, with forced circulation of adequate capacity. The oven shall be capable of being controlled at (110 5) C. 5.3 Balance, with an accuracy of 0,1 g, of adequate capacity. 5.4 Low temperatu

31、re cabinet, (upright or chest) with air circulation. The cabinet shall be automatically controlled to adhere to the temperature curve shown in Figure 1. The sample temperature in the thawing out phase can be controlled either by air circulation or immersion of sample cans in a 20 C water bath. A man

32、ual method of control may be used, provided the correct cooling curve, as shown in Figure 1, is adhered to. In the case of a dispute, the automatic control shall be used. 5.5 Cans, made from seamless drawn or welded corrosion-resistant sheet metal, with a thickness of about 0,6 mm, having a nominal

33、capacity of 2 000 ml, an internal diameter of 120 mm to 140 mm, and an internal height of 170 mm to 220 mm are suitable. Cans shall be covered by suitable lids. For lightweight aggregates, cans shall be suitably ballasted. 5.6 Test sieves, conforming to EN 933-2. 5.7 Water, distilled or de-ionised.

34、6 Sampling Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with EN 932-1. 7 Test specimens 7.1 General Three individual test specimens shall be used. The test specimens shall be obtained in accordance with EN 932-2 by sample reduction from aggregates from which oversized and undersized fractions have be

35、en removed. NOTE If it is intended to carry out a strength test after the freeze-thaw cyclic loading, this test should be performed on an appropriate grading sieved out from the laboratory sample, in accordance with Annex B. EN 1367-1:2007 (E) 6 -25-20-15-10-505101520250 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1

36、3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24YX123Key 1 upper limit 2 control 3 lower limit X time, in hours Y temperature, in C Figure 1 Temperature curve in the centre of the filled can (reference measuring point) located in the middle of the cabinet EN 1367-1:2007 (E) 7 7.2 Size of test specimens The prefer

37、red size fraction shall be within the range 8 mm to 16 mm, but if required, any of the sizes listed in Table 1 may be used. The quantities for each of the three individual test portions are specified in Table 1, and deviations of 5 % are permissible. Table 1 Mass of test portions required for the fr

38、eeze-thaw cyclic test Maximum aggregate size mm Mass or volume of aggregate required Normal aggregate g Lightweight aggregate (bulk volume) ml 4 to 8 8 to 16 16 to 32 32 to 63 1 000 2 000 4 000 a6 000 a500 1 000 1 500 - aAdditional cans will be necessary. 7.3 Preparation of test specimens The test s

39、pecimens shall be washed and adherent particles removed. They shall be dried to constant mass at (110 5) C, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and weighed immediately (M1). For lightweight aggregates, dry to constant mass. Weighing shall be carried out to the following accuracies: aggregates up

40、to 16 mm size, to 0,2 g; aggregates above 16 mm size, to 0,5 g. 8 Procedure 8.1 Soaking The test specimens prepared in accordance with 7.3 shall be stored at atmospheric pressure for (24 1) h in the cans specified in 5.5 at (20 5) C, in distilled or de-mineralized water, the water covering the test

41、portions by at least 10 mm for the full 24 h period of soaking. 8.2 Exposure to freezing under water Check that the water level in each can is still at least 10 mm above the top of the test specimen and place the lids on the cans. Place the covered cans containing the test specimens in the cabinet,

42、ensuring that the distance between the cans and the sidewalls of the cabinet is not less than 50 mm and the cans are not touching, in order that the heat is extracted from them as uniformly as possible from all sides. EN 1367-1:2007 (E) 8 Using the temperature at the centre of a covered can, situate

43、d in the centre of the cooled area, as the reference measuring point of temperature, regulate the cabinet so that the temperature follows a cooling curve inside the limits as shown in Figure 1. Subject the samples in the cabinet to a series of 10 freeze-thaw cycles as follows: a) reduce the temperat

44、ure from (20 5) C to (0 to 1) C in (150 60) min and hold at (0 to 1) C for (210 90) min; b) reduce the temperature from (0 to 1) C to (- 17,5 2,5) C in (180 60) min and hold at (- 17,5 2,5) C for a minimum of 240 min; NOTE If it is necessary to interrupt the test during the freezing cycle or when un

45、der manual control, for example at weekends, the cans should be kept at (- 17,5 2,5) C. Any interruption should not exceed 72 h. c) at no stage allow the air temperature to fall below -22 C; d) after the completion of each freezing cycle thaw the cans by immersion in water at approximately 20 C. Tha

46、wing shall be considered to be completed when the temperature has reached (20 3) C; e) after the completion of each thawing phase hold the cans in water at (20 3) C for a maximum of 10 h. Each freeze-thaw cycle shall be completed within 24 h. On completion of the tenth cycle, pour the contents of ea

47、ch can into a test sieve having an aperture size that is half the lower size sieve used to prepare the test specimen (e.g. in the case of the 8 mm to 16 mm fraction, into a test sieve of 4 mm aperture size). Wash and sieve the test specimen on the specified sieve by hand. Dry the residue remaining o

48、n the sieve at (110 5) C to constant mass, cool to ambient temperature and weigh immediately (M2). 9 Determination of the percentage mass loss Calculate the undersize by combining the residues from the three test specimens, weigh and express the mass obtained as a percentage of the mass of the combi

49、ned test specimens. Calculate the result of the freeze-thaw test (F) in accordance with Equation (1) below: 121100MMFM= (1) where M1 is the initial dry total mass of the three test specimens, in grams; M2is the final dry total mass of the three test specimens, that is retained on the specified sieve, in grams; F is the percentage loss in mass of the three test specimens after freeze-thaw cycling. NOTE A statement on the precision of this test is given in Annex A. EN