DIN 54402-2009 Testing of ion exchangers - Determination of the total capacity of anion exchangers《离子交换剂的测试 阳离子交换剂总效能的测定》.pdf
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1、April 2009DEUTSCHE NORM Normenausschuss Materialprfung (NMP) im DINDIN-SprachendienstEnglish price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sal
2、e for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 71.100.40!$a4“1621799www.din.deDDIN 54402Testing of ion exchangers Determination of the total capacity of anion exchangersEnglish translation of DIN 54402:2009-04Prfung von Ionenaustauschern Bestimmung der Totalen Kapazitt von AnionenaustauschernEnglische bers
3、etzung von DIN 54402:2009-04Essai des changeurs dions Dtermination de la capacit totale des changeurs danionsTraduction anglaise de DIN 54402:2009-04SupersedesDIN 54402:2001-12www.beuth.deDocument comprises pages1909.11 DIN 54402:2009-04 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. Contents Page Forewor
4、d. 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions. 4 4 Unit 4 5 Principle . 4 5.1 General . 4 5.2 Strongly basic exchangers and exchangers of mixed basic strength 5 5.2.1 General . 5 5.2.2 Active strong base capacity. 5 5.2.3 Strong base capacity 5 5.2.4 Weak base capacity 5 5.2.5 Tota
5、l capacity 5 5.3 Weakly basic exchangers. 6 5.3.1 General . 6 5.3.2 Total capacity 6 6 Designation 6 7 Apparatus. 6 8 Reagents 8 9 Sampling 8 10 Sample preparation (see flowcharts 1 and 2). 9 10.1 Strongly basic exchangers 9 10.2 Weakly basic exchangers. 9 11 Volume adjustment . 9 12 Determining the
6、 capacities of strongly basic exchangers (method A) . 9 12.1 Determination of the active strong base capacity (flowchart 1) 9 12.2 Determination of the strong base capacity (see flowchart 1). 10 12.3 Determination of the weak base capacity (see flowchart 2) . 11 13 Determination and evaluation of th
7、e weak base capacity of weakly basic anion exchangers (method B) (see flowchart 2). 13 14 Rapid method of determining the total capacity of strongly basic anion exchangers (method C) . 15 14.1 Reagents 15 14.1.1 Sample preparation. 15 14.1.2 Determining the total capacity. 15 14.2 Apparatus. 15 14.2
8、.1 Sample preparation. 15 14.2.2 Determining the total capacity. 15 14.3 Apparatus settings 16 14.3.1 Sample preparation. 16 14.3.2 Determining the total capacity. 16 14.4 Procedure. 16 14.4.1 Sample preparation. 16 14.4.2 Determining the total capacity. 17 14.5 Calculation of total capacity (KT) in
9、 mol/l exchanger 17 15 Test report 19 DIN 54402:2009-04 3 Foreword This standard has been prepared by Working Committee NA 062-08-95 AA Prfung von Ionenaustauschern of the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee). The symbol % is used in this standard to mean percentage
10、 by mass. Amendments This standard differs from DIN 54402:2001-12 as follows: a) Clause 15 has been revised; b) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN 54402: 1980-08, 1985-07, 2001-12 DIN 54402:2009-04 4 1 Scope This standard specifies methods for determining the total capa
11、city of anion exchangers (in this standard referred to as “exchangers”, for short). The methods A, B and C according to this standard can be applied to all granular types of strongly and weakly basic exchangers, but not to ground or liquid anion-exchange material. Determination of total capacity ena
12、bles the external observation of anion-exchange material that is used in water treatment equipment using laboratory tests to evaluate changes and decide whether it has undergone any alterations. The parameters determined in the analyses provide information about the total number of groups capable of
13、 exchange, about their basicity and about any changes in these characteristics. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the re
14、ferenced document (including any amendments) applies. DIN 54400, Ion exchange Terminology DIN 54401, Testing of ion exchangers (bead form) Sampling DIN 54403, Testing of ion exchangers Determination of the total capacity of cation exchangers 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard,
15、 the terms and definitions given in DIN 54400 apply. 4 Unit The unit in which all capacities in this standard are expressed is mol per litre. 5 Principle 5.1 General Method A (see Clause 12) and method B (see Clause 13) specified in this standard serve to characterize and test anion exchangers and m
16、ake use of the following reactions: the regeneration, with varying efficiency, of groups of different basicity with sodium hydroxide solution; the conversion of neutral salts into hydroxides by strongly basic groups in the hydroxide form; the displacement of chloride ions from the exchanger by nitra
17、te ions; the binding of anions in acidic solution only by weakly basic groups in the regenerated form, i.e. as free bases. DIN 54402:2009-04 5 To determine capacity it is necessary to start from the chloride form in the case of strongly basic exchangers and from the free-base form in the case of wea
18、kly basic exchangers. If the exchanger were loaded with other ions, incorrect capacity values would be obtained because the swelling varies for individual anions. Contamination of the exchangers by deposits, adsorbed oil or other organic substances during operation may alter their total capacity. La
19、boratory determination of the capacity prior to and after cleaning treatment provides information about the cleaning efficiency and the improvement in the parameters achieved. To assess the damage to the exchanger as a result of degradation of the matrix structure or of the functional groups, the cl
20、eaned sample shall always be compared with a sample of unused exchanger from the same batch. 5.2 Strongly basic exchangers and exchangers of mixed basic strength 5.2.1 General Strongly basic exchangers and those of mixed basic strength exhibit gradations in basicity that are due in part to the struc
21、ture of the anion exchanger. The strongly basic exchangers are classified, for example, into those of type I (benzyltrimethylammonium compounds) and those of type II (benzyl(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium compounds). There are also exchangers of mixed basic strength that contain strongly and weakly
22、 basic groups. These are to be tested in the same way as strongly basic exchangers. Strongly basic exchangers cannot be converted completely to the hydroxide form even by treating them with excess sodium hydroxide. The fraction converted is referred to as the anionic active strong base capacity (sal
23、t-splitting capacity). 5.2.2 Active strong base capacity The chloride form of the exchanger is treated with sodium hydroxide solution under specified conditions and then rinsed with deionized water. Excess sodium chloride solution is then introduced and the active strong base capacity is calculated
24、from the quantity of liberated hydroxide ions in the effluent. 5.2.3 Strong base capacity After rinsing out the excess sodium chloride with deionized water, the exchanger is treated with excess sodium nitrate solution and the strong base capacity is calculated from the quantity of liberated chloride
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