DIN 51900-3-2005 Testing of solid and liquid fuels - Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimeter and calculation of net calorific value - Part 3 Method using adi.pdf

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1、 DEUTSCHE NORMJanuary 2005DIN 51900-3 ICS 75.160.10; 75.160.20 Supersedes DIN 51900-3:1977-08 Testing of solid and liquid fuels Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimeter and calculation of net calorific value Part 3: Method using adiabatic jacket Prfung fester und flssiger Brenn

2、stoffe Bestimmung des Brennwertes mit dem Bomben-Kalorimeter und Berechnung des Heizwertes Teil 3: Verfahren mit adiabatischem Mantel Document comprises 10 pagesTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst. In case of doubt, the German-language original should be consulted as the authoritative text. No part of

3、 this translation may be reproduced without prior permission of DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). English price group 8 www.din.de www.beuth.de !,kTV“09.06 9724951DIN 51900-3:2

4、005-01 2 Foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee NMP 581/FABERG Prfung fester Brennstoffe of the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee) in collaboration with Fach-ausschuss Minerall- und Brennstoffnormung of the Normenausschuss Materialprfung a

5、nd the Normen-ausschuss Bergbau (Mining Standards Committee). DIN 51900 Testing of solid and liquid fuels Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimeter and calculation of net calorific value consists of the following parts: Part 1: General information, basic equipment and method; Pa

6、rt 2: Method using the isoperibol or static-jacket calorimeter; Part 3: Method using the adiabatic jacket. Amendments This standard differs from DIN 51900-3:1977-08 as follows: a) The standard has been harmonized with DIN 51900-1:2000-04 and parts contained in the latter have been deleted. b) Notes

7、to the text of the standard have been included for more clarity. c) The standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN DVM 3716: 1931-08 DIN DVM 3716 = DIN 53716: 1938-05 DIN 51708: 1950x-08, 1956-04 DIN 51900: 1966-04 DIN 51900-3: 1977-08 1 Scope This standard specifies a method of de

8、termining the gross calorific value using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter and of calculating the net calorific value of solid and liquid fuels. It may also be applied to other solid and liquid substances. 2 Normative references This standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from

9、 other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the titles of the publications are listed below. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendm

10、ent or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). DIN 51900-1:2000-04, Determination of gross calorific value of solid and liquid fuels using the bomb calorimeter, and calculation of net calorific value General information, bas

11、ic equipment and method DIN 51900-3:2005-01 3 DIN EN 61010-1 (VDE 0411 Part 1):2002-08, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use Part 1: General requirements (IEC 61010-1: 2001) 3 Principle The calorimeter bomb prepared as specified in DIN 51900-1 is p

12、laced in the calorimetric can, which is filled with water and is enclosed in an adiabatic jacket. After allowing time for the temperatures of the water and the bomb to equalize, the sample of fuel is ignited and the pattern of the temperature rise is recorded. The calorific value of the sample is ca

13、lculated from the increase in temperature, with an allowance being made for the heat capacity of the calorimeter. NOTE Throughout the adiabatic method specified, the temperature of the calorimeter can is the same as that of the jacket at all times and, consequently, no energy flows into the calorime

14、ter system from the outside 1. 4 Apparatus 4.1 General The equipment and the measurements described below are intended only as examples and may vary with manufacturer and type (see figure 1). The following equipment shall be used. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of adiabatic bomb calorimeter 4.2 Calorime

15、ter can, for receiving the bomb and containing water as heat transfer medium. 4.3 Adiabatic calorimeter jacket, composed of water or another suitable material for enclosing the calorimeter can and insulating it thermally from the environment. While the temperature of the jacket is generally maintain

16、ed at that of the heat transfer medium in the calorimeter can, it may undergo controlled variations to compensate for energy flows due to stirring and other extraneous thermal effects. DIN 51900-3:2005-01 4 4.4 Motor-driven stirrer, for thoroughly mixing the water in the calorimeter can, driven at a

17、 speed that does not vary by more than 10 %, thereby ensuring that the heat produced by stirring is approximately constant. 4.5 Temperature measuring device (as in DIN 51900-1). 4.6 Electrical ignition device, for igniting the fuel sample in the bomb. Since the current flowing through the ignition w

18、ire develops heat and affects the increase in temperature, the amount of energy supplied to the wire during the measurement shall not vary by more than 5 %. The ignition voltage applied to the terminals of the bomb shall comply with the specifications given in subclause 6.3.1 of DIN EN 61010-1 (VDE

19、0411 Part 1). NOTE The heat developed by the ignition is included in the calibration. 4.7 Temperature controller, for maintaining adiabatic conditions in the calorimeter by constantly monitoring and adjusting the temperature of the jacket so as to track the temperature of the calorimeter can as the

20、reference variable for the temperature of the jacket and thereby prevent any energy exchange with the environment. Any deviations that may result from thermal inertia in the controlled system, the type of controller used and the need to deviate from the set temperature to compensate for the energy i

21、ntroduced by stirring, shall be minimized by system replication. NOTE The difference between the set and actual temperature of the calorimeter cannot be made infinitely small since the sensitivity of the controller is limited by the characteristics of the control system (inertia, attenuation, manipu

22、lated variable limitation, etc.) and of the amplifier (gain, time constant, noise) 1. 5 Test conditions The equipment shall be set up as specified in the operating instructions. The water in the calorimeter can shall completely cover the bomb and its mass shall not vary by more than 0,02 % between m

23、easurements. The temperature of the calorimeter water should be between 20 C and 30 C before and after combustion. The temperature increase due to the combustion of the sample should be between 1,5 K and 3,5 K for calorimeters having a heat capacity of 10 000 J/K and shall be between 0,7 and 1,3 tim

24、es the temperature rise found when determining the heat capacity. The reference temperature is the temperature at the end of the measurement phase. To minimize heat transfer between the calorimeter can and the adiabatic jacket during the test, the temperature of the latter shall track the temperatur

25、e of the measurement system everywhere with the shortest possible time delay. NOTE 1 The adiabatic behaviour of the calorimeter shall be optimized by system replication or by adjustments made during manufacture. The temperature drift, which is defined as the temperature change per unit time, shall n

26、ot exceed 0,001 K in five minutes for a calorimeter having a heat capacity of about 10 000 J/K in the replicated state. NOTE 2 The temperature drift can be determined by dividing the measured change in temperature in the calorimeter can by the specified time interval over which the measurement was m

27、ade. The error due to drift is the product of the heat capacity of the calorimeter system, the time in which the drift occurred and the amount of drift in a particular measurement phase. DIN 51900-3:2005-01 5 6 Procedure 6.1 General Prepare the calorimeter as specified in the manufacturers operating

28、 instructions. NOTE Electronic components in the temperature controller will require time to heat up. Measure the temperature of the calorimeter can at equal intervals that are long enough to permit the change in temperature to be measured with sufficient accuracy (ten times the value of the smalles

29、t detectable temperature change). 6.2 Measurement After closing the calorimeter, allow the temperatures of the bomb and the calorimeter water to equalize. When the difference between consecutive temperature measurements during this equalization time is less than the permitted drift, ignite the sampl

30、e and determine the temperature rise. Record the last temperature measured prior to the ignition as the initial temperature, ta, of the calorimeter test. Any increase in the equalization time shall not have an effect on the result within the required precision. Stop the test when the difference betw

31、een consecutive measurements is again less than the permitted drift and record the last temperature measured as the final temperature, te. 7 Evaluation 7.1 Temperature rise Calculate the temperature rise, t, in K, by subtracting the initial temperature from the final temperature. 7.2 Heat capacity C

32、alculate the heat capacity, C, in J/K, of the calorimeter system using equation (1): tQmHC+=ZBvBo,(1) where Ho,vBis the gross calorific value of the reference substance specified in subclause 6.2 of DIN 51900-1, in J/g; mBis the mass of the reference substance, in g; QZis the extraneous heat, in J (

33、see note). t is the temperature rise, in K. NOTE The extraneous heat, QZ, is the sum of all the extraneous heat released during ignition (ignition energy) and by the combustion of additives (e.g. benzoic acid, the combustion capsule or bag, the cotton thread and possibly the fuse wire) and shall be

34、determined from the initial sample mass and the gross calorific value of the products as specified by the manufacturer. DIN 51900-3:2005-01 6 7.3 Gross calorific value Calculate the gross calorific value, Ho,v, in J/g, using equation (2): ()pZSNvo,mQQQtCH+= (2) where C is the heat capacity of the ca

35、lorimeter system, in J/K; t is the temperature rise, in K; QNis the heat released, in J (see clause 11.2 of DIN 51900-1); QSis the heat released, in J (see clause 11.1 of DIN 51900-1); QZis the extraneous heat released, in J (see note in subclause 7.2); mpis the mass of the sample in air, in g. 7.4

36、Net calorific value Calculate the net calorific value, Hu,p, as specified in clause 15 of DIN 51900-1. DIN 51900-3:2005-01 7 Annex A (informative) Calculation example A.1 Example of test procedure Table A.1 Measurement results, times and temperatures Test procedure Time, in min Relative temperature,

37、 in K Temperature equalization 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1,047 1,052 1,056 1,059 1,061 1,063 1,065 1,067 1,068 1,068 Ignition za= 10 ta= 1,068 Test phase 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ze= 19 1,829 2,908 3,200 3,277 3,298 3,303 3,304 3,304 te= 3,304 where zais the time at end of temperature equalization and star

38、t of test phase; zeis the time at end of test phase; tais the temperature at end of equalization and initial temperature at start of test phase; teis the temperature at end of test phase. DIN 51900-3:2005-01 8 Figure A.1 Example of time/temperature curve A.2 Evaluation example A.2.1 Calculation of h

39、eat capacity Assuming that the gross calorific value, Ho,vB, of benzoic acid standard sample 39j (at 25C, with a water volume of 5 ml, an oxygen pressure of 30 bar and a bomb volume of 330 ml) is 26 464 J/g; the initial sample mass, mB, of reference sample specified in subclause 6.2.8 of DIN 51900-1

40、 in air, is 0,993 2 g; the extraneous heat released, QZ, due to ignition and the combustion of additives (e.g. 80 J ignition energy, 55 J from the combustion of a cotton thread as specified by manufacturer) is 135 J; and the temperature rise, t, is, as in the above example, 2,236 K, the heat capacit

41、y, C, calculated using equation (1) is: tQmHC+=ZBvBo,J/K81511236,21352993,046426+= DIN 51900-3:2005-01 9 A.2.2 Calculation of gross calorific value Assuming that the calorific value, C, is, as in the above example, 11 815 J/K; the temperature rise, t, is, as in the above example, 2,236 K; the initia

42、l sample mass, mp, in air is 0,768 0 g; the heat released, QS, determined as in subclause 11.1 of DIN 51900-1, is 15,1 J; the heat released, QN, determined as in subclause 11.2 of DIN 51900-1, is 13,2 J; the extraneous heat released by the ignition and the combustion of additives (e.g. 80 J ignition

43、 energy, 55 J from the combustion of a cotton thread as specified by the manufacturer) is 135 J, the gross calorific value, Ho,v, calculated using equation (2) is: ()pZSNvo,mQQQtCH+= ( )gJ/186340768,01351,152,13236,281511+= DIN 51900-3:2005-01 10 Bibliography 1 Hemminger, W. and Hhne, G., Grundlagen der Kalorimetrie (Fundamentals of calorimetry), Weinheim, New York: Verlag Chemie, 1979