DIN 51705-2001 Testing of solid fuels - Determination of the bulk density of solid fuels《固体燃料检验 固体燃料体积密度测定》.pdf

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1、ICS 75.160.10Prfung fester Brennstoffe Bestimmung der SchttdichteIn keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker.Ref. No. DIN 51705 : 2001-06English price group 05 Sales No. 010

2、502.02DEUTSCHE NORM June 200151705Continued on pages 2 to 3. No part of this translation may be reproduced without the prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).Transl

3、ation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original should be consulted as the authoritative text.Determination of bulk density of solid fuelsSupersedes DIN 51705,August 1979 edition.ForewordThis standard has been prepared by Technical Committee Prfung fester Brennstoffe of th

4、e Normen-ausschuss Materialprfung (Material Testing Standards Committee) and conforms in substance withInternational Standard ISO 567:1995.AmendmentsThis standard differs from the August 1979 edition in that it has been editorially revised and references havebeen updated.Previous editionDIN 51705: 1

5、979-08.1 ScopeThe method specified in this standard serves to determine the bulk density of solid fuels and is suitable formaterial having a particle size of less than 150 mm, provided the fraction of particles of size 150 mm andabove does not exceed 5 %. It is not applicable to materials in powder

6、form.Since the bulk density indicates the volume occupied by a given mass of a solid fuel, it can be used toestimate, for example, the space required for transportation or storage.2 Normative referencesThis standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. The

7、senormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the titles of the publications arelisted below. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publicationsapply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undate

8、d references, thelatest edition of the publication referred to applies.DIN 1333 Presentation of numerical dataDIN 22019-1 Determination of particle size distribution of mining raw materials for particle sizesabove 20 m by sieve analysisDIN 51718 Determining the water content and analytical moisture

9、content of solid fuelDIN EN ISO 4259 Petroleum products Determination and application of precision data in relation tomethods of test (ISO 4259 : 1992 + Corr 1 : 1993)DIN ISO 3310-1 Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth(ISO 3310-1 : 2000)ISO 567: 1995

10、 Coke Determination of bulk density in a small containerPage 2DIN 51705 : 2001-063 ConceptBulk densityThe ratio of the mass of fuel in the raw state required to fill a container to the volume of the container.NOTE: For fuel whose minimum particle size is greater than 10 mm, the equivalent mass of an

11、hydrous fuel canbe calculated from the result if the total water content is known. For a better evaluation of results, it may beuseful to determine the grading of the fuel as specified in DIN 22019-1.4 ApparatusThe following equipment shall be used.a) Cubic wooden or metal container of volume 0,2 m3

12、, whose rim and internal walls are smooth and flat.Handles may be fitted to make handling easier.The useful volume of the container shall be determined to an accuracy of 0,002 m3from the actualdimensions.b) Scoop.c) Square hardwood strip, about 900 mm long and having a cross section of about 40 mm 4

13、0 mm.d) Balance, of capacity 200 kg or more, capable of being read to an accuracy of 0,2 kg.e) DIN ISO 3310-1 test sieve.5 ProcedureDetermine the mass of the empty container before filling it with the sample using a scoop. To avoid particlefragmentation, ensure that the drop height does not exceed 2

14、50 mm for material having a minimum particle sizegreater than 10 mm and 500 mm for material having a maximum particle size of 10 mm or less.Fill the container until the sample material projects above the rim. Then, starting at one corner, slide the squarestrip over the container rim to strike off th

15、e excess material. If the material is coarse, remove any particles thatblock the passage of the strip. Then weigh the charged container.For the purpose of a duplicate determination, repeat the procedure using a different aliquot of the samplematerial.6 EvaluationDetermine the bulk density, d(raw), i

16、n kg/m3, using equation (1):(1)wherem1is the mass of the charged container, in kg;m0is the mass of the empty container, in kg;V is the volume of the container (as measured), in m3.7 Expression of resultIn the case of a duplicate determination, reference shall be made to this standard and the single

17、values shallbe calculated to an accuracy of 1 kg/m3. If the difference between these values exceeds that specified insubclause 8.1, calculate the mean and express it to the nearest 5 kg/m3.If only one determination has been performed, express the result to the nearest 10 kg/m3, taking due accountof

18、DIN 1333 when rounding the results.Report the reference condition of the fuel and its water content.8 Precision(cf. DIN EN ISO 4259)8.1 Repeatability limit(same operator, same equipment)If two results are obtained under repeatability conditions, both results shall be considered acceptable and inconf

19、ormity with this standard if they differ by no more than 30 kg/m3.Vmmd01-=raw)(i,Page 3DIN 51705 : 2001-068.2 Reproducibility limit(different operators, different equipment)Since particle fragmentation is unavoidable during the transportation of solid fuel samples and the grading ofparticles and bul

20、k density change as a result, no value can be specified for the reproducibility limit.Explanatory notesThe bulk density of fuel whose maximum particle size is 10 mm or less (e.g. coke, power station coals, cokebreeze) largely depends on the water content 1. Oil impregnation also has an effect on bul

21、k density. Since, inthe case of brown coal and lignite, shrinkage occurs during drying, the calculated anhydrous density, d(anh),cannot be used to calculate the bulk density, d(raw), for other water contents.The anhydrous bulk density, d(anh), shall be calculated using equation (2):(2)where W is the

22、 total water content, as a percentage by mass, of the sample determined as specified inDIN 51718 using another aliquot of the sample.The bulk density is also a function of the dimensions and form of the container, and the way in which it is filled.The bulk density of coke is affected by its structur

23、e. Porous coke has a lower apparent density and,consequently, a lower bulk density than less porous coke having the same water content and grading, but ahigher apparent density.The effect of the container form and dimensions increases as the size of the container decreases. Thus, the bulkdensity inc

24、reases in direct proportion to the container volume. In the case of railway wagons or high-sided skips,the greater drop height during charging also has an effect: Apart from particle fragmentation, which isunavoidable under these circumstances, a denser packing is achieved.Consequently, bulk density

25、 as determined in accordance with this standard can be used only for comparativepurposes, i.e. values determined using containers of different size and form should not be compared. It is onlypossible to estimate storage or transportation space if empirical data are available. Therefore, the bulk den

26、sitydetermined in accordance with this standard cannot automatically be used to estimate the quantity of fueldeposit in a store or tip.BibliographyDIN 51700 General information and survey of methods of testing solid fuelDIN 51701-2 Sampling of solid fuels ProcedureDIN 51701-3 Sampling of solid fuels Sample preparationDIN 51726 Determining the carbonate/carbon dioxide content of solid fuel1 Beck, K.G., Weskamp, W. and Beckmann, R. Glckauf,1962: 98, 1563.100100 Wdd-=raw)(i,(anh)