DIN 18134-2012 Soil - Testing procedures and testing equipment - Plate load test《土壤 试验程序和试验设备 板极负载试验》.pdf

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1、April 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS

2、93.020!%)b“2069763www.din.deDDIN 18134Soil Testing procedures and testing equipment Plate load test,English translation of DIN 18134:2012-04Baugrund Versuche und Versuchsgerte Plattendruckversuch,Englische bersetzung von DIN 18134:2012-04Sol Mthodes et appareils dessais Essai de charge plaque,Traduc

3、tion anglaise de DIN 18134:2012-04SupersedesDIN 18134:2001-09www.beuth.deDocument comprises 25 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.01.14 DIN 18134:2012-04 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. Contents Page Foreword 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative referen

4、ces 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Designation 6 5 Apparatus .6 5.1 General 6 5.2 Reaction loading system 6 5.3 Loading plates 7 5.4 Loading system 8 5.5 Force-measuring apparatus .8 5.6 Settlement-measuring device .9 5.7 Ancillary equipment . 11 5.8 Calibration of plate loading apparatus and functi

5、onal testing 11 6 Test conditions . 11 7 Procedure for plate load test . 11 7.1 Test area preparation . 11 7.2 Setting up the plate loading apparatus 11 7.3 Arrangement of settlement-measuring device 12 7.4 Preloading . 12 7.5 Loading and unloading 12 7.5.1 General . 12 7.5.2 Determining the strain

6、modulus, EV. 12 7.5.3 Determining the modulus of subgrade reaction, ks13 8 Evaluation and representation of results . 13 8.1 Load-settlement curve . 13 8.2 Calculation of strain modulus, EV. 14 8.3 Calculation of modulus of subgrade reaction, ks15 9 Examples of application . 15 9.1 Determination of

7、strain modulus, EV15 9.2 Determination of modulus of subgrade reaction, ks. 18 Annex A (normative) Calibration of plate loading apparatus 20 A.1 General . 20 A.2 Check of plate loading apparatus for compliance with requirements 20 A.3 Apparatus and equipment used for calibration and functional testi

8、ng 20 A.3.1 Force-measuring system . 20 A.3.2 Settlement-measuring device 21 A.4 Calibration and functional test 21 A.4.1 Force-measuring system . 21 A.4.2 Settlement-measuring device 22 A.5 Calibration report 22 DIN 18134:2012-04 3 Annex B (informative) Principles underlying the normal equations fo

9、r calculation of the constants of the second degree polynomial for the load settlement curve and for calculation of the strain modulus, EV24 Bibliography 25 Figures Figure 1 300 mm loading plate with measuring tunnel 7 Figure 2 Loading plate 600 mm or 762 mm in diameter with equally distributed stif

10、feners 8 Figure 3 Settlement-measuring device (Examples) 10 Figure 4 Load-settlement curve, fitting curves according to Table 2 and Table 3 for the first and second loading cycles . 18 Figure 5 Load-settlement curve for determining the modulus of subgrade reaction, ks. 19 Tables Table 1 Elements of

11、the standard designation . 6 Table 2 Measured values for first loading cycle and unloading cycle . 16 Table 3 Measured values for second loading test 16 Table 4 Compilation of results . 17 Table 5 Measured values 19 Table A.1 Loading stages as a function of the loading plate diameter 21 DIN 18134:20

12、12-04 4 Foreword This document has been prepared by Working Committee NA 005-05-03 AA Baugrund, Laborversuche (SpA zu CEN/TC 341/WG 6) of the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some elements of this document may b

13、e the subject of patent rights. DIN and/or DKE shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Amendments This standard differs from DIN 18134:2001-09 as follows: a) in the settlement-measuring device, the distance of the centre of the loading plate to the centreline of

14、the support has been changed to a minimum of 1,50 m, and alternative measuring devices are now permitted; b) the description of the test procedure has been modified; c) in Equation (3), 0maxhas been explained in more detail; d) the examples have been reworked; e) the standard has been editorially re

15、vised. Previous editions DIN 18134: 1976-07, 1990-06, 1993-01, 2001-09 DIN 18134:2012-04 5 1 Scope This standard is intended for use in earthworks and foundation engineering, as well as in road construction. The plate load test permits the relationship between load and settlement (load-settlement cu

16、rve) to be determined, the aim being to assess the deformation and strength characteristics of soil, using the load-settlement curves to determine the strain modulus EVand the modulus of subgrade reaction ks. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applica

17、tion of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. DIN 863-2, Verification of geometrical parameters Micrometers Part 2: Micrometer callipers heads, depth micrometer Co

18、ncepts, requirements, testing DIN 1319-1:1995-01, Fundamentals of metrology Part 1: Basic terminology DIN EN 10025-1, Hot rolled products of structural steels Part 1: General technical delivery conditions DIN EN ISO 376, Metallic materials Calibration of force-proving instruments used for the verifi

19、cation of uniaxial testing machines DIN EN ISO 3650, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Length standards Gauge blocks DIN EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-me

20、asuring system DIN ISO 2768-1, General tolerances Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications DIN ISO 2768-2, General tolerances Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerances indications 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this st

21、andard, the terms and definitions in DIN 1319-1 and the following apply. 3.1 plate load test test in which a load is repeatedly applied and released in increments using a circular loading plate aided by a loading device, with the settlement of the loading plate being measured 3.2 strain modulus EVpa

22、rameter expressing the deformation characteristics of a soil, calculated from the secants of the load-settlement curves obtained from the first or repeat loading cycle between points 0,3 0maxand 0,7 0maxNOTE The calculation of the strain modulus is based on 8.2 and is explained in Annex B. 3.3 modul

23、us of subgrade reaction ksratio of the normal stress 0 under an area load to the associated settlement s NOTE For the purposes of this standard, the modulus of subgrade reaction is calculated from the load-settlement curve obtained from the first loading cycle of the soil according to 8.3. DIN 18134

24、:2012-04 6 3.4 maximum permissible errors maximum permitted limits of error of a measuring instrument DIN 1319-1:1995-01, 5.12 4 Designation The designation according to this standard comprises the following elements. Table 1 Elements of the standard designation Element of standard designation Infor

25、mation given in this standard Description block Test Identity block Standard number DIN 18134 Individual items Possible loading plate diameter d in mm: 300 600 762 EXAMPLE Designation of a plate load test according to DIN 18134 using a loading plate with a diameter of 300 mm: Test DIN 18134 300 Desc

26、ription block Standard number Individual item block 5 Apparatus 5.1 General The following equipment is required for carrying out the plate load test: a) reaction loading system; b) plate loading apparatus, consisting of a loading plate, an adjustable spirit level (30 level), and a loading system wit

27、h hydraulic pump, hydraulic jack assembly and high-pressure hose; c) devices for measuring the load applied and the settlement of the loading plate at right angles to the loaded surface; d) means of calculating the strain modulus. 5.2 Reaction loading system The reaction loading system shall produce

28、 a reaction load which is at least 10 kN greater than the maximum test load required. It may be a loaded truck or roller or any other object of sufficient mass. DIN 18134:2012-04 7 5.3 Loading plates Loading plates shall be made of grade S355 J0 steel to DIN EN 10025-1. They shall be machined so as

29、to have the flatness and roughness tolerances in accordance with Figures 1 and 2. The loading plate shall have two handles (see Figure 1). Dimensions in millimetres General tolerances: ISO 2768 mL Key 1 Centring pin to hold the force transducer with articulated top 2 Handle 3 Hole circle (e.g. 85 mm

30、 with three M6 bolts (distributed equally on hole circle) 4 Measuring tunnel Figure 1 300 mm loading plate with measuring tunnel Loading plates with a diameter of 300 mm shall have a minimum thickness of 25 mm. Loading plates with a diameter of 600 mm or 762 mm shall have a minimum thickness of 20 m

31、m and be provided with equally spaced stiffeners with even upper faces parallel to the plate bottom face to allow the 300 mm plate to be placed on top of it. Centring pins, and also clamps, if necessary, shall be provided to hold the upper plate in position (see Figure 2). DIN 18134:2012-04 8 Dimens

32、ions in millimetres General tolerances: ISO 2768 mL Key 1 Centring pins for 300 mm loading plate 2 300 mm loading plate 3 Stiffeners (t = 20 mm) 4 Attachment hole for handle 5 Three clamps a Arrangement of stiffeners reduced in scale and shown schematically Figure 2 Loading plate 600 mm or 762 mm in

33、 diameter with equally distributed stiffeners 5.4 Loading system The loading system consists of a hydraulic pump connected to a hydraulic jack via a high-pressure hose with a minimum length of 2 m. The system shall be capable of applying and releasing the load in stages. For the pressure to be prope

34、rly applied, the hydraulic jack shall be hinged on both sides and secured against tilting. The pressure piston shall act through at least 150 mm. The height of the plate loading apparatus during operation should not exceed 600 mm. In order to compensate for differences in the heights of the vehicles

35、 used as reaction loads, elements shall be provided that allow the initial length of the hydraulic jack to be increased to at least 1 000 mm. Suitable means shall be provided to prevent buckling of these elements. 5.5 Force-measuring apparatus A mechanical or electrical force transducer shall be fit

36、ted between the loading plate and the hydraulic jack. It shall measure the load on the plate with a maximum permissible error of 1 % of the maximum test load. The stress shall be indicated at a resolution of at least 0,001 MN/m2for a 300 mm loading plate and at least 0,000 1 MN/m2for 600 mm and 762

37、mm loading plates. The resolution of the force-measuring system shall be equivalent to that of the force transducer. The above requirements apply for temperatures from 0 C to 40 C. DIN 18134:2012-04 9 5.6 Settlement-measuring device The arrangement in Figure 3 shows a settlement-measuring device wit

38、h a rotatable contact arm (see Figure 3 a) and one with a contact arm capable of being moved horizontally in axial direction (i.e. with a slide bearing, see Figure 3 b). The measuring device with a rotatable contact arm is only suitable for tests in excavations up to 0,3 m deep. The measuring device

39、 with a contact arm capable of being moved horizontally in axial direction can also be used in deeper excavations. The settlement-measuring device consists of a frame supported at three points (see “2” in Figure 3), a vertically adjustable, torsion-proof, rigid contact arm (see “4” in Figure 3), a d

40、isplacement transducer or dial gauge (see “1” in Figure 3). The distance from the centre of the loading plate to the centreline of the support shall be at least 1,5 m and shall not be greater than 1,6 m (see Figure 3). The hP : hMratio (see Figure 3 a) shall not exceed 2,0. The setting of the assemb

41、ly shall be capable of being locked so that the hP / hMratio does not change during measurement. The settlement-measuring device shall be capable of measuring the settlement of the loading plate with a maximum permissible error of 0,04 mm in the measuring range up to 10 mm when using a 300 mm or 600

42、 mm loading plate, and in the measuring range up to 15 mm when using a 762 mm loading plate. The indication shall have a resolution of at least 0,01 mm. The above requirements apply for temperatures from 0 C to 40 C. DIN 18134:2012-04 10 Dimensions in metres a) Rotatable contact arm according to the

43、 “weighbeam principle”; measurement of settlement taking into account the lever ratio hP : hMDimensions in metres b) Contact arm with slide bearing; measurement of settlement in the lever ratio 1:1 Key 1 Dial gauge or displacement transducer 6 Slide bearing 2 Supporting frame 7 Support 3 Fulcrum 8 S

44、tylus 4 Contact arm 9 Area taken up by reaction load system 5 Load sM, s Settlement reading on dial gauge or displacement transducer a For distance see 7.2 Figure 3 Settlement-measuring device (Examples) DIN 18134:2012-04 11 Measurement of settlement with alternative measuring devices is permitted i

45、f these have at least the same resolution and measure to the same accuracy and are recognized as remaining unaffected by soil deformation occurring as a result of testing. Such measuring devices shall be calibrated according to A.4.2. 5.7 Ancillary equipment 5.7.1 Spade 5.7.2 Steel straightedges, 40

46、0 mm, 700 mm and 850 mm long 5.7.3 Hand brush 5.7.4 Trowel, spatula, set square, plumb line, folding rule, dry medium sand, gypsum plaster, oil 5.7.5 Tarpaulins or similar means of protection against sun and wind 5.8 Calibration of plate loading apparatus and functional testing Calibration of the pl

47、ate loading apparatus and functional testing shall be carried out as specified in Annex A. The plate loading apparatus shall be calibrated before delivery and after repair. Calibration shall be repeated once a year. 6 Test conditions The plate load test may be carried out on coarse-grained and compo

48、site soils as well as on stiff to firm fine-grained soils. Care shall be taken to ensure that the loading plate is not placed directly on particles larger than one-quarter of its diameter. In the case of rapidly drying, equigranular sand, or soil which has formed a surface crust, has been softened o

49、r has been otherwise disturbed in its upper zone, this disturbed soil shall be removed before the plate load test is carried out. The density of the soil under test shall remain as unchanged as possible. For fine-grained soil (e.g. silt, clay), the plate load test can only be carried out and evaluated satisfactorily if the soil is stiff to firm in consistency. In case of doubt, the consistency of the soil under test shall be determined at various depths up to a depth, d, below ground leve