CSA PLUS 1112-2004 Infection prevention and control in office-based health care and allied services (Second Edition).pdf
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1、PLUS 1112Infection prevention and control in office-based health care and allied servicesLegal NoticeThis document is provided by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) as a convenience only. The opinions in this document are the opinions of the author(s) and not the opinions of CSA. Disclaimer an
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7、r person or entity. The information in this document is directed to those who have the appropriate degree of experience to use and apply its contents, and CSA accepts no responsibility whatsoever arising in any way from any and all use of or reliance on the information contained in this document. In
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9、de secrets that may be contained in this document, whether or not such inventions and trade secrets are protected by patents and applications for patents. The unauthorized use, modification, copying, or disclosure of this document may violate laws that protect CSAs intellectual property and may give
10、 rise to a right in CSA to seek legal redress for such use, modification, copying, or disclosure. CSA reserves all intellectual property rights in this document.Use of this documentThis document is being provided by CSA for informational and non-commercial use only. If you do not agree with any of t
11、he terms and conditions contained in this Legal Notice, you may not use this document. Use of this document constitutes your acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice.Published in March 2004 by Canadian Standards AssociationA not-for-profit private sector organization5060 Spectrum
12、Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N61-800-463-6727 416-747-4044Visit our Online Store at www.csa.caPLUS 1112Infection prevention and control in office-based health care and allied servicesbyPauline Fallis R.N., B. Admin (HS), C.I.C.CSA Special PublicationISBN 1-55397-607-XTechnical E
13、ditor: Jeffrey Kraegel Canadian Standards Association 2004All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.PLUS 1112March 2004 Canadian Standards Association iiiContentsPreface ixOne Ethical responsibilities 11Ove
14、rview12 General responsibilities 13 Responsibilities to your patients/clients 14 Responsibilities to your co-workers and other health care providers 1Two Micro-organisms and infection 21Overview22 Positive aspects of micro-organisms 23 Harmful aspects of micro-organisms 23.1 How micro-organisms caus
15、e infections or disease 23.2 Spread of infection 34 Chain of infection 44.1 The infectious agent 44.2 Reservoir 54.3 Portal of exit 64.4 Mode of transmission 64.5 Portal of entry 74.6 Susceptible host 75 Immunity 85.1 Resisting infection 85.2 Specific defence mechanisms 85.3 Non-specific defence mec
16、hanisms 95.4 External factors affecting immunity 96 Signs and symptoms of an infection 9Three Infection prevention and control 101 What is infection prevention and control? 102 The institutional experience 10Four Infection prevention and control precautions 111Overview112 Handwashing 112.1 Importanc
17、e of handwashing 112.2 Recommended handwashing technique 112.3 Hand sanitizing 113Gloves123.1 When to use gloves 123.2 Guidelines for using gloves 124 Protective eyewear 125Masks125.1 When to use a mask 125.2 How to use a mask 13PLUS 1112iv Canadian Standards Association March 2004Infection preventi
18、on and controlin office-based health care allied services6 Aprons and gowns 137 Handling specimens 138Sharps13Five Planning for infection prevention and control 141Overview142 Primary considerations 143 Procedures 14Six Patient-care area preparation 161Overview162 Handling patients/clients 163 Care
19、and cleaning of the physical facilities 174 Sample cleaning schedule 17Seven Reprocessing reusable medical devices and equipment 191Overview192 Determining reprocessing requirements 193 Essential reprocessing elements 20Eight Cleaning 211Overview212 The cleaning process 212.1 Sorting 212.2 Soaking 2
20、12.3 Washing 212.4 Rinsing 232.5 Drying 232.6 Inspecting 232.7 Lubricating 243 Cleaning problematic devices and materials 243.1 Instructions and guidelines 243.2 Crevices 243.3 Lumens 243.4 Powered instruments 243.5 Materials 253.5.1 Aluminum 253.5.2 Glassware 253.5.3 Rubber goods 253.5.4 Stainless
21、steel 253.5.5 Textiles 254 Mechanical cleaning 254.1 Types of washers 254.2 Mechanical washers 264.3 Ultrasonic washers 26PLUS 1112March 2004 Canadian Standards Association vContentsNine Disinfection 281Overview282 Liquid chemical disinfectants 283 Pasteurization 344 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation 34Ten
22、 Packaging for sterilization 351Overview352 Essential criteria 352.1 Micro-organism barrier 352.2 Durability 352.3 Ease of use 352.4 Seal of integrity 352.5 Residue-free 362.6 Flexible and memory-free 362.7 Hole-free 362.8 Inert 362.9 Economy and availability 362.10 Suitability 363 Packaging materia
23、ls 363.1 Types of packaging materials 363.2 Reusable materials 373.3 Single-use materials Paper, plastic, and combinations 374 Wrapping techniques 374.1 General wrapping techniques 374.2 Textile wrapping techniques 384.3 Wrapping with paper/plastic pouches 414.4 Guidelines for using paper/plastic po
24、uches 414.5 Single-use material 415 Rigid sterilization containers 416 Labelling 42Eleven Sterilization 431Overview432 Sterilization indicators 432.1 Types of sterilization indicators 432.2 Interpreting and acting on indicator results 443 Guidelines for sterilization 453.1 General guidelines for ste
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