CEPT ERC REPORT 32-1994 Amateur Radio Novice Examination Syllabus and Amateur Radio Novice Examination Certificate within CEPT and Non-CEPT Countries (Brussels December 1994)《业余无线电.pdf

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1、ERC REPORT 32 %-.-.- A%- -.- 7 European Radiocommunications Committee (ERC) within the European Conference of Postai and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) AMATEUR RADIO NOVICE EXAMINATION SYLLABUS AND AMATEUR RADIO NOVICE EXAMINATION CERTIFICATE WITHIN CEPT AND NON-CEPT COUNTRIES Bonn, Decem

2、ber 1994 STD.CEPT ERC REPORT 32-ENGL 1774 2326414 0015410 091 Copyright 1995 the European Conference of Postai and Telecommunications Administrations (Cm ERC REPORT 32 Page 1 AMATEUR RADIO NOVICE EXAMINATION SYLLABUS AND AMATEUR RADIO NOVICE EXAMINATION CERTIFICATE WITHIN CEPT and NON-CEPT COUNTRIES

3、 1. INTRODUCTION The CEFT Recommendation TIR 61-02 (Chester 1990, revised Nicosia 1994), makes it possible for CEFT Administrations to issue a Harmonised Amateur Radio Examination Certificate (HAREC). This Certificate shows proof of successfully passing an amateur radio examination that complies wit

4、h the Examination sllabus for HAREC high level A and/or B. It facilitates the issuing of an individual licence to a radio amateur returning to his native country showing this document issued by a foreign CEPT Administration after passing an amateur radio exdation in that foreign country. The develop

5、ing of the CEPT Recommendation TIR 61-02 was possible because national amateur licences and the national amateur examinations in the CEPT countries were based on the similar starting points. Due to the high level standard of the technical theory of the examination syllabus, it was suggested by some

6、CEPT Administrations to develop an ERC Report for a lower level examination suitable for the amateur radio novice class licence. A reason to establish an ERC Report on this topic is the uncertainty of the establishing and/or the implementation of the novice class licence by several CEPT Administrati

7、ons. 2. AMATEUR RADIO NOVICE EXAMINATION SYLLABUS The argument to initiate an Amateur Radio Novice Class can be formulated with the following target groups in mind for youth with technical interest; older or retired people with interest in electronics who want just to experiment with small transmitt

8、ers; and candidates who do not have the educational background to cope with the higher examination levels, but are interested in experiments with transmitters. The Amateur Radio Novice Class permits the experience with anomalous propagation modes, digital transmission modes in combination with compu

9、ter techniques, antenna experiments, home construction of equipment, operating practice. The International Amateur Radio Union was requested to submit a proposal concerning an acceptable lower level examination(s) suitable for a (hannonised) amateur radio novice class. The IARU proposed two lower ex

10、amhation levels. The first lower examination level should contain the technical subjects relevant to tests and experiments with the amateur stations conducted by the novice amateur radio, including the knowledge of Morse code. The second proposed lower examination level should be technical and regul

11、atory subjects, only. Owing to differences in existing National Radio Regulations, it was not possible to achieve a common consensus for creating an Amateur Radio Novice Class with the appropriate lower examination standard. Some Administrations have also divergent views concerning the required Mors

12、e code telegraphy speed and whether or not the Morse code telegraphy examination should be required at ail. It was therefore decided that the amateur radio novice examination syllabus and the amateur radio novice examination certificate, given in this report, could be used as a guideline for Nationa

13、l Administrations wishing to introduce a new or change the national amateur radio novice class licence. Besides, each CEPT and NON-CEPT Administration may decide to recognise novice class licences granted by other Administrations to allow holders of national amateur radio novice licences to obtain a

14、 similar class licence, based on this report. The nationai amateur radio novice examination syllabus should contain at least technical, operational and regu- latory elements. Emphasis may be put on a practical examination together with operating practice as is usual on the amateur bands. The propose

15、d amateur radio novice examination syllabus is shown in Annex 2. ERC REPORT 32 Page 2 3. PROCEDURE FOR ISSUING AN AMATEUR RADIO NOVICE LICENCE AND EXAMINATION CERTIFICATE This ERC report suggests a procedure for issuing an Amateur Radio Novice Examination Certificate (Annex l), and the criteria for

16、the National Novice Examination. Appropriate conditions for the Amateur Radio Novice Licence shall be at the discretion of National Administrations. 3.1 Issuing an Amateur Radio Novice Examination certificate An Amateur Radio Novice Examination Certificate may be issued by Administrations to persons

17、 who have passed a national Novice examination that meets the criteria set out in paragraph 3.2 below. 3.2 Criteria For national amateur radio novice examination The national amateur radio novice examination should cover the subjects that a radio amateur may counter in conducting tests with an amate

18、ur station and with its operation, and shall include at least: Technical, operational and regulatory matters (see the Novice Euamination syllabus annex 2) a) “MCALCO 1. 2. Components 3. circuits 4. Receivers 5. Transmitters 6. Antennas and Transmission Lines 7. Frequency spectrum and propagation 8.

19、Measurements 9. Interference and Immunity 10. Safety Electrical, ElectrGMagnetic and Radio Theory b) NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATING Rw AND PROCEDURES 1. Phonetic Alphabet 2. Qccde (as far as radio amateur traffic is concerned) 3. Operational Abbreviations 4. Callsigns C) NATIONAL Rl?GULATIONS

20、RELEVANT TO THE AIvATEUR RADIO AND AMATEUR RADIO SATELLITE SERVICE 1. National Laws and Regulations 3.3 The Amateur Radio Novice Examination Certificate The Amateur Radio Novice Examination Certificate should contain at least the following information in the language of the country of issue as well

21、as in English, French and German: a) b) d) the date of issue e) the issuing authority a statement to the effect that the holder has passed an examination, meeting the requirements for a CEFT novice examination level certificate the holders name and date of birth This document may take the form as se

22、t out in Annex 1. - STD*CEPT ERC REPORT 32-ENGL 1994 = 2326434 0015413 BTO = ERC REPORT 32 Page 3 ANNEX 1 AMATEUR RADIO NOVICE EXAMRVATION CERTIFICATE 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The issuing Administration or responsible issuing Authority - of the country - declares herewith that the holder of this certific

23、ate has successfully passed an amateur radio novice examination which fulfils the requirements laid down by the International Telecommunications Union 0. LAdministration ou lAutorit comptente - du pays - certifie que le titulaire du prsent certificat a russi un examen de radioamateur conformment au

24、rglement de lunion Internationale des Tlcommunica- tions (vrr). Die ausstellende Verwaitung oder zustndige Behrden - des Landes - erklrt hiermit, daB der Inhaber dieser Bescheinigung eine Amateurfmkpriifung erfolgreich abgelegt hat, welche den Erfordernissen entspricht, wie sie von der International

25、en Fernmeldeunion (ITU) festgelegt sind. Officials requiring information about this certificate shauld address their enquiries to the issuing national Authority or the issuing Administration as indicated above. Les autorits officielles dsirant des informations sur ce document devront adresser leurs

26、demandes lAutorit nationale comptente mentionne ci-dessous. Behrden, die Ausknfte ber diese Bescheinigung erhalten mchten, sollten ihre Anfragen an die genannte ausstellende nationale Behrde oder die ausstellende Verwaltung richten. AddresdAdresselAnschrift Telephoneflphoneele fon: TelexiTlxlTelex:

27、Telefax/Tlfax/Telefax: Signature Signature Unterschrifi official stamp Cachet officiel Offizieller Stempel STD-CEPT ERC REPORT 32-ENGL 1994 9 232b414 0035414 737 ERC REPORT 32 Page 5 ANNEX 2 EXAMINATION SYLLABUS FOR AMATEUR RADIO NOVICE EXAMINATION LEVEL INTRODUCTION This syllabus has been produced

28、for the guidance of adminisixations so that they may prepare their national amateur radio examhations for the amateur radio novice examination Certificate. The scope of the examination is limited to subjects relevant to tests and experiments with amateur stations conducted by radio amateurs. These i

29、nclude circuits and their diagrams; questions may relate to circuits using both integrated circuits and discreet components. a) Where quuntiries are referred to, candidates should know the units in which these quantities are expressed, as well as the generally used multiples and submultiples of thes

30、e units. b) Candidates must be familiar with the compound of the symbols. c) Candidates must know the following mathematical concepts and operations: - adding, subtracting. multiplying and dividing; - fractions; - square roots. - squaring; d) Candidates must be familiar with the fmulae used in this

31、syllabus and be able to transpose them. 1. ELECTRICAL, ELECTRO-MAGNETIC AND RADIO THEORY 1.1 Conductivity 1.2 Sources (of electricity) 1.3 RadioWaves 1.4 Audio and digitai signais 1.5 Modulated signals 1.6 Power 2. COMPONENTS 2.1 Resistor 2.2 Capacitor 2.3 Coil 2.4 Transformers application and use 2

32、.5 Diode 2.6 Transistor 2.7 Tuned circuits 3. CIRCUITS 3.1 Filters 4. RECEIVERS 4.1 Types 4.2 Block diagrams 4.3 Operation and function ERC REPORT 32 Page 6 4 1. - 1.1 - 1.2 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. b c) TRANSMITTERS 5.1 Blockdiagrams 5.2 Operation and functions 5.3 Transmitter characteristics ANTENNAS AN

33、D TRANSMISSION LINES 6.1 6.2 Methods of feeding antenna 6.3 Matching Antenna types (physical constniction, directional properties and polarisation only) FREQUENCY SPECTRUM AND PROPAGATION MEASUREMENTS 8.1 Making measurements 8.2 Measuring instruments INTERFERENCEANDIMMUNITY 9.1 Interference in elect

34、ronic equipment 9.2 9.3 Measures against interference Cause of interference in electronic equipment SAFETY 10.1 “hehumanbody 10.2 Mains power supply 10.3 Dangers 10.4 Lightning NATIONAL AND I“ATIONAL OPWATING RULES AND PROCEDURES 1. Phonetic alphabet 2. Q-Code 3. 4. Callsigns Operational Abbreviatio

35、ns as used in the Amateur Sdce NATIONAL GULATIONS RELEVANT TO THE AMATFKJR -10 AND AMATEUR RADIO SATELUTE SERVICE 1. National laws, Regulations and Licence Conditions TECHNICAL CONTENT CHAPTER 3 ELECTRICAL, ELECTRO-MAGNETIC AND RADIO THEORY Conductivity Conductor, semiconductor and insulator. Curren

36、t, voltage and resistance. The units ampere, volt and ohm. Ohms Law P1.R). Electric power (P=E.I). The unit watt. Sources (of electriciw) Battery and mains. - 1.3 - 1.4 - 1.5 - 1.6 ERC REPORT 32 Page I Radio Waves Radio waves as electromagnetic waves. Propagation velocity and its relation with frequ

37、ency and wavelength Polarisation. Frequency. The unit hertz. Audio and dipital signals Audio signals. Digital signai, Modulated simals Advantages and disadvantages of: Amplitude modulation. Single-sideband modulation. Frequency modulation. Carrier, sidebands and bandwidth. poWer DC-input power and R

38、p-output power. CHAPTER 2 2. COMPONENTS - 2.1 Resistor Resistance. The unit ohm. Power dissipation. Colour code. Resistors in series and parallel. - 2.2 Capacitor Capacitance. The unit farad. Use of fixed and variable capacitors: air, mica, plastic, ceramic and electrolytic capacitors. Capacitors in

39、 parallel. - 2.3 The unit henry. - 2.4 Transformers amlication and use Transformers (application). - 2.5 we Use and application of diodes: Rectifier diode, zener diode. - 2.6 Transistor Know that a transistor can be used as amplifier or oscillator. 2.7 Tunedcircuits Punctions of series and parallel

40、tuned circuits. ERC REPORT 32 Page 8 CHAPTER 3 3. CIRCUITS 3.1 - Low-pass, high-pass, band-pass and band-stop filters use and application only. CHAPTER 4 4. RECEIVERS 4.1- Single superheterodyne receiver. Straight or t.r.f receivers. - 4.2 Block diagrams CW receiver (AlA). AM receiver (A3E). SSB rec

41、eiver (J3E). FM receiver WE). 4.3 stanes lock diagram treatment only) Mixer. Oscillator (crystal and WO). Buffer. Driver. Frequency multiplier. Power amplifier. Output filter (pi-filter). Frequency modulator. SSB modulator. Power supply. - 5.3 Transmitter characteristics (simple description) Frequen

42、cy stability. Sidebands. Output power. Spurious, harmonics. RF-bcindwidth. CIIAPTER 6 6. ANTENNAS AND TRANSMISSION LINES - 6.1 Antenna mes bhysicai construction, directional DroDerties and Doiarisation only) Centre fed half-wave antenna. End fed antenna. Quarter-wave verticai antenna (ground plane).

43、 Antenna with parasitic elements (Yagi). - 6.2 Methods of feeding antenna Coaxial cable and twin feeder: Advantages and disadvantages; Construction and use. - 6.3 Matching Antenna tuning units (purpose oniy). CHAPTER 7 7. FREQUENCY SPECTRUM AND PROPAGATION (simple description oniy) Ionospheric layer

44、s. The effect of the ionospheric layers on HF propagation. Fading. Troposphere. The effect of the weather conditions on v“p propagation. Sunspot cycle and effect on communication. I!F, VHP, UHF ranges. Relationship between frequency and wavelength. STD-CEPT ERC REPORT 32-ENGL 1994 W 2326414 0015419

45、219 m ERC REPORT 32 Page 10 CHAPTER 8 8. MEASUREMENTS - 8.1 Making measurements Measurement of: DC and AC voltage. DC and AC current. Resistance. DC and Rp power. Frequency. - 8.2 Measuring instruments Making measurements using: Multi-range meter (digital and analog). Standing Wave Ratio meter. Abso

46、rption wavemeter. Dummy load. CHAPTER 9 9. - 9.1 - 9.2 - 9.3 10. - 10.1 INTERFERENCE AND IMMUNITY Interference in electronic eauiDment Interference with the desired signai TV, VHP and broadcasting). interference with audio systems. Cause of interference in electronic euubment Spurious radiation of t

47、he transmitter (parasitic radiation, harmonics). Undesired influence on the equipment: via the receiver antenna input; via otha routes (mains, speaker and connecting leads); by direct radiation. Measures against interference Measures to prevent and minimise interference: Filtering at the amateurstat

48、ion. Filtering at the interfered apparatus. Shielding. Separation of transmitting and TV antennas. Avoid use of end-fed antenna. Minimum power. GoodRFearth. Social effects (good relation with neighbours). - Decouplmg. CHAPTER 10 SAFETY The human body The consequences of electrical shock. Precaution

49、against electrical shock. ERC REPORT 32 Page il - 10.2 10.3 - 10.4 b) 1. Mains ower sumly Difference between line, neutral and earth (colour code). Importance of good ground connections. Quick and slow fuses, values of fuses. Dangers High voltages. Charged capacitors. Danger. Protection. Grounding of equipment. CHAPTER 1 PHONETIC ALPHABET A = Alpha B = Bravo C = Charlie D = Delta E = Echo P = Foxtrot G = Golf H = Hotel I = India J = Juliet K = Kilo L=Lima M = Mike N = November o = oscar P = Papa Q = Quebec R = Romeo S = Sierra T = Ta