CEN TS 14383-4-2006 Prevention of crime - Urban planning and design - Part 4 Shops and offices《犯罪防范 城市规划和建筑设计 第4部分 商店和办公室》.pdf

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1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTDD CEN/TS 14383-4:2006Prevention of crime Urban planning and design Part 4: Shops and officesICS 13.310; 91.040.20g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38

2、g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58DD CEN/TS 14383-4:2006This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 48477 7National forewordThis Draft for Development is the official English language version of CEN/T

3、S 14383-4:2006.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature because the status of Technical Specification was proposed to give all countries the opportunity to compare experiences an

4、d to harmonize procedures. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application may be obtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization resp

5、onsible for its conversion to a European Standard. A review of this publication will be initiated 2 years after its publication by the European organization so that a decision can be taken on its status at the end of its 3-year life. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an

6、announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards.According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into a European Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comm

7、ents should be sent in writing to the Secretary of BSI Technical Subcommittee B/209/10, Security of buildings, at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, giving the document reference and clause number and proposing, where possible, an appropriate revision of the text.A list

8、of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standard

9、s Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Summary of pagesThis document comprise

10、s a front cover, an inside front cover, the CEN/TS title page, pages 2 to 34, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSPCIFICA

11、TION TECHNIQUETECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATIONCEN/TS 14383-4May 2006ICS 13.310; 91.040.20English VersionPrevention of crime - Urban planning and design - Part 4: Shopsand officesPrvention de la malveillance - Urbanisme et conceptiondes btiments - Partie 4: Commerces et bureauxVorbeugende Kriminalittsbekmpfu

12、ng - Stadt- undGebudeplanung - Teil 4: Laden und BrogebudeThis Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 14 April 2006 for provisional application.The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit t

13、heircomments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS availablepromptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible

14、to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany,

15、Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagemen

16、t Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TS 14383-4:2006: E2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Planning

17、and design5 5 Opportunities for crime.7 6 Security management .9 7 Security recommendations for shops and offices .11 8 Approach, access and perimeter protection 13 9 Protection of the building envelope.15 10 Protecting internal spaces18 11 Security of the building outside normal working hours21 Ann

18、ex A (normative) Recommended levels of security 24 Bibliography 33 CEN/TS 14383-4:20063 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 14383-4:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 325 “Prevention of crime by urban planning and building design”, the secretariat of which is held by SNV. The status of

19、 Technical Specification was proposed to give all countries the opportunity to compare experiences and to harmonize procedures. This Technical Specification is one of a series for Prevention of crime - Urban planning and design , that consists of the following parts: Part 1 Definition of specific te

20、rms Part 2 Urban planning Part 3 Dwellings Part 4 Shops and offices According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, F

21、inland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN/TS 14383-4:20064 Introduction The nature, cost and scale of crime against re

22、tailers and other businesses can be hard to quantify and many factors can influence whether or not an offence is committed. For the purpose of this document three basic criminological approaches are adopted: Rational Choice This approach assumes that potential offenders undertake their own risk asse

23、ssment before deciding to commit a crime. They consider the chances of being seen, the ease of entry and the chance of escape without detection. Routine Activities This theory assumes that for an offence to take place there needs to be three factors present; a motivated offender, a suitable target o

24、r victim and a lack of capable guardian. To affect the potential for crime, it is necessary to consider each of these factors. An offender can be deterred by increasing surveillance or making access more difficult. A target can be made less attractive by increasing the security or removing escape ro

25、utes. The presence or influence of a capable guardian, either real or implied, can be improved by office and shop design and the location of staff. Defensible space This approach applies to the different levels of acceptance that exist for people to be legitimately in different types of space. Anyon

26、e has a right to be in a public space, for example a street, but not in a private space such as the rear yard of a shop or office storeroom. Understanding these three principles can affect the desire and ability to commit a crime. The majority of property crimes are committed because offenders have

27、been given opportunities. Easy access to a shop or office, concealed areas, no demarcation between public and private space, poor lighting or landscaping features can all assist the potential offender. All of these features can be designed to benefit legitimate users and not potential offenders. By

28、helping to understand the thinking of the offender and balancing this against both symbolic and real design features, combined with specific physical security measures, the document aims to assist designers, planners, shop and office owners or managers and crime prevention practitioners. In the most

29、 simple of terms, the more vulnerable and at risk a potential offender feels, the less inclined they are to commit a crime. CEN/TS 14383-4:20065 1 Scope This document provides guidance and a recommended strategy for combating burglary, theft, arson and other crimes committed against retailers and ot

30、her businesses. It applies to both new and existing shops and offices. Recommended levels of security for commodities stocked in retail outlets are given in Annex A. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references

31、, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14383-1:2006, Prevention of crime - Urban planning and building design - Part 1: Definition of specific terms 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of thi

32、s Technical Specification, the terms and definitions given in EN 14383-1:2006 and the following apply. 3.1 Burglar resistance Property of door, window or shutter assembly that enables it to resist attempts at forced entry into a protected room or area. 4 Planning and design 4.1 General Building secu

33、rity can broadly be defined as the use of the site layout, fabric and form of a building to protect the occupants and their possessions from harm. Key design factors include physical layout, location of doors and windows, control of access and movement, formal and informal human surveillance. Manipu

34、lating these elements of architectural design with an awareness of their impact on security at the design stage, can achieve significant gains in controlling crime and nuisance behaviour. Professionals with appropriate crime prevention expertise should be included in the design team (see 4.2) and sh

35、ould be involved to ensure that crime prevention factors are included in the design. 4.2 Designing to include safety and security The design team should consider the various factors that can influence the opportunity to commit crime. Amongst the most important of these are: a) ownership; b) human pr

36、esence; c) conflict minimisation. It is essential that the design of public space be such that people begin to regard it as their own and take responsibility for it. If this can be achieved, crime and antisocial behaviour are less likely to occur, or continue without the public reacting to it. CEN/T

37、S 14383-4:20066 One of the strongest crime prevention factors is the risk of being seen and identified. Therefore, human presence and natural surveillance are very important. Where possible, mixed usage of units should be encouraged as it prolongs life and movement throughout an extended period of t

38、he day. Street furniture should be designed to enable clear sight lines and provide wide natural surveillance. For the same reasons, buildings should front onto public space. Fear of crime, whether real or perceived needs to be considered and the design of the environment should reflect this. Any de

39、sign feature that could possibly give rise to a potential conflict situation should be avoided. Safe and integrated environmental design will encourage the use of spaces by engendering a feeling of security. 4.3 Risk analysis 4.3.1 General Any crime prevention strategy is essentially one of risk man

40、agement. Consequently, before an effective strategy can be developed, it is important to identify and understand the risk factors involved. 4.3.2 Local factors When assessing the level of risk it is essential to give high priority to local factors by carrying out a diagnosis. This may involve carryi

41、ng out an analysis survey of crime in the immediate neighbourhood, to identify the type of crime reported, where and when incidents occurred and who the victims were. This may be achieved by spatial mapping to identify crime clustering or hot spots. It is also important to be aware that factors whic

42、h may influence the opportunity for crime may not necessarily be in the immediate locality. For example, a convenient route linking two features attractive to young people may pass through a commercial area. Although the features themselves may be some distance away from the shops or offices, the pr

43、esence of relatively large numbers of people using the route may influence the possibility of crime. Where the development is on a new site, it may be that there has been no previous crime problem or records do not exist. In these cases it is important to consider the proposed development in terms o

44、f potential crime generation, i.e. what crime or antisocial behaviour could reasonably be anticipated after completion? Guidance on methods for assessing the risk of crime and methods aimed at reducing these risks in neighbourhoods, town centres and industrial estates, is given in ENV 14383-2 (see a

45、lso Clause 5). 4.4 Image of the neighbourhood The first impressions gained by a potential offender have the greatest influence on their decision to offend or not. Although a shopping or commercial centre that appears well maintained may give an impression of affluence it is also true that it can giv

46、e an equally strong impression that the people who work there take pride in the area and are more likely to be vigilant and protective. A commercial development that encourages the occupants to work together as a community, to take combined action to improve the environment against potential offende

47、rs, is likely to result in less crime and an improvement in the quality of life for the users. There are two good ways to achieve this: a) By defining the development to give it a clear identity; b) By ensuring the maximum permissible surveillance from property to property. Potential offenders do no

48、t like to be seen. Wherever possible it is also advisable to try and obtain a mix of types of usage and occupant. This may result in a variation in occupancy patterns that allow more people to be in any particular area, exercising informal surveillance. CEN/TS 14383-4:20067 4.5 Security Security pro

49、visions should be considered in the building design stage. It is important to take account of present and planned future developments in the area when deciding the specific location of a shop or office. A clear and uncluttered design for both the exterior and interior of the building can assist security surveillance, especially when combined with good natural and artificial lighting. 4.6 The site Consideration should be given to the following: a) The extent to which the selection of the location of premises may be pre-determined by other factors, for example marke