CEN TS 14383-3-2005 Prevention of crime - Urban planning and building design - Part 3 Dwellings《犯罪行为预防 城市规划和建筑物设计 第3部分 住宅》.pdf

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1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTDD CEN/TS 14383-3:2005Prevention of crime Urban planning and building design Part 3: DwellingsICS 91.040.30; 13.310g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g3

2、8g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58DD CEN/TS 14383-3:2005This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 11 January 2006 BSI 11 January 2006ISBN 0 580 47369 4National forewordThis Draft for Development is the official English language v

3、ersion of CEN/TS 14383-3:2005.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature because the status of Technical Specification was proposed to give all countries the opportunity to compare

4、 experiences and to harmonize procedures. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application may be obtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European or

5、ganization responsible for its conversion to a European standard. A review of this publication will be initiated 2 years after its publication by the European organization so that a decision can be taken on its status at the end of its 3-year life. Notification of the start of the review period will

6、 be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards.According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into a European Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to wi

7、thdraw it. Comments should be sent in writing to the Secretary of BSI Subcommittee B/209/10, Security of buildings, at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, giving the document reference and clause number and proposing, where possible, an appropriate revision of the text.A

8、list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Sta

9、ndards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publiction does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Summary of pagesThis document compr

10、ises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CEN/TS title page, pages 2 to 55 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSPCIFICATION TECHNIQUETECHN

11、ISCHE SPEZIFIKATIONCEN/TS 14383-3October 2005ICS 91.040.30; 13.310English VersionPrevention of crime - Urban planning and building design - Part3: DwellingsPrvention de la malveillance - Urbanisme et conceptiondes btiments - Partie 3 : LogementsVorbeugende Kriminalittsbekmpfung - Stadt- undGebudepla

12、nung - Teil 3: WohnungenThis Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 24 April 2005 for provisional application.The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit theircomments, particularly on the

13、question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS availablepromptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national stand

14、ards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

15、 Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brusse

16、ls 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TS 14383-3:2005: E2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Objectives and methodology .5 5 Risk analysis and as

17、sessment of related protection levels.7 6 Level of protection8 7 Individual dwellings9 8 The building envelope 12 9 Residential blocks.14 10 Enhancing security in residential blocks15 11 Apartments19 12 Management and maintenance of residential blocks.19 Annex A (informative) Resistance classes for

18、windows, doors and shutters and requirements for related hardware conforming to ENV 162721 Annex B (informative) Risk analysis of the vulnerability of dwellings to burglary23 Annex C (informative) Quick reference guide to the vulnerability of dwellings to burglary46 Annex D (informative) Security gr

19、ades of intrusion alarm systems as EN 50131-1 49 Annex E (informative) Indicators of security problems in residential areas.50 Annex F (informative) Cost/benefit checklist of methods to enhance security in residential blocks.51 Bibliography.54 CEN/TS 14383-3:20053 Foreword This CEN Technical Specifi

20、cation (CEN/TS 14383-3:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 325 “Prevention of crime by urban planing design”, the secretariat of which is held by SNV. The status of Technical Specification was proposed to give all countries the opportunity to compare experiences and to harmonise pr

21、ocedures. In particular, the guidance given in the Annexes needs to be tested in use to establish realistic security levels. This Technical Specification is one of a series for “The prevention of crime by urban planning and building design”, that consists of the following parts: Part 1 Definitions o

22、f specific terms Part 2 Urban planning Part 3 Dwellings Part 4 Shops and offices According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmar

23、k, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN/TS 14383-3:20054 Introduction In considering security measures aimed at

24、preventing crime and antisocial behaviour and the fear of crime in residential areas, one of the most difficult tasks is determining the type and level of the threat (e.g. vandalism, burglary, aggression) and the scope of measures to be taken in order to reduce it. The causes of crime have been rese

25、arched for many years. There are many factors that can influence the possibility of an offence being committed or not. Certain factors, for example socio-economic conditions are beyond the remit of this standard. Other factors such as neighbourhood layout and building design can be considered along

26、with more specific reference to target-hardening measures. Three basic criminological approaches have been adopted: Rational Choice, Routine Activities and Defensible Space. a) Rational Choice states that potential offenders will normally undertake their own risk assessment before deciding to commit

27、 a crime. They will consider the chances of being seen, the ease of entry and the chance of escape without detection. b) The Routine Activities theory assumes that for an offence to take place there need to be three factors present: a motivated offender, a suitable target or victim and a lack of cap

28、able guardian. To prevent a crime it is necessary to alter the influence of one of these factors. For example, an offender can be de-motivated by increasing the level of surveillance or by making access more difficult. A target can also be made less attractive by increasing security or removing esca

29、pe routes. Similarly, the presence or influence of a capable guardian, either real or implied, can assist in creating a sense of neighbourliness. c) The Defensible Space theory applies to the different levels of acceptance that exist for people to legitimately be in different types of space. Everyon

30、e has a right to be in a public space, such as a street, but they do not have the right to be in the garden of another persons dwelling, which is a private space. It is equally important to differentiate and distinguish public space from semi-public and semi-private space, to make it possible to use

31、 either formal or informal social control over those spaces in ways that prevent crime and antisocial behaviour developing or progressing unhindered. Most offences are committed because perpetrators enjoy opportunities: easy access, hiding places, absence of demarcation between public and private sp

32、ace, poor lighting and/or favourable landscaping. By understanding the motivation of potential offenders and counterbalancing it by specific physical security measures combined with real or symbolic design elements, this Technical Specification aims to assist designers, planners, estate managers and

33、 stakeholders in the area of crime prevention to: a) Define the protection measures most appropriate to the site. b) Influence decisions relating to building design, the layout of the site, landscaping, and other related details in order to make dwellings attractive and safe for inhabitants and unat

34、tractive targets for potential offenders. In residential areas with either individual dwellings and/or residential blocks, the purpose is not only to protect properties against burglary but also to prevent access by unwanted visitors, the illegal appropriation of space, degradation of the environmen

35、t and to fight fear of crime. The design of the built environment can also influence individual perceptions of fear of crime (e.g. in dark footpaths), as perceptions of crime often exceed the reality. Recommendations relating to the planning of new and existing urban areas, ranging from a few street

36、s to a city centre, an industrial estate, or a large open space for public use, are given in ENV 14383-2. CEN/TS 14383-3:20055 1 Scope This Technical Specification gives guidance and recommendations for reducing the risk of crimes against people and property in dwellings and their immediate surround

37、ings through planning and design. It covers new and existing dwellings, in single or multiple units. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the lat

38、est edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. prEN 14383-1, Prevention of crime - Urban planning and building design - Part 1: Definitions of specific terms 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the terms and definitions given in prEN

39、14383-1 apply. 4 Objectives and methodology 4.1 General While it is important to consider individual buildings in detail, it is also essential to be aware of the influence exerted by the design and layout of the neighbourhood. This is sometimes referred to as the Meso level and includes road layout,

40、 infrastructure and location of facilities. Town planners, designers, developers and professionals with crime prevention expertise should be involved as a design team, to ensure that designing out crime factors are taken into account in the early stages of the planning process. The joint approach sh

41、ould consider the various factors that can reduce the opportunity to commit crime. Some of the most important factors are ownership, human presence and conflict minimisation. The design and layout of public space in the neighbourhood should encourage local residents to regard it as their own and tak

42、e responsibility for it. If this can be achieved, crime and antisocial behaviour are less likely to occur, or continue without local people reacting to it. NOTE One of the strongest prevention factors for potential offenders is the risk of being seen and identified, which is why human presence and n

43、atural surveillance are so important. These factors are easier to achieve with mixed usage as this can prolong liveliness and movement throughout an extended period of the day. Street furniture should be designed to enable good sight lines and provide wide natural surveillance. Equally access to bui

44、ldings should front onto public space for the same reason. Fear of crime, whether justified or perceived, should be considered and the design of the environment should take this into account. Any design feature that could possibly give rise to a potential conflict situation should be avoided. Safe a

45、nd integrated options for pedestrians and/or cyclists should be included and give a feeling of safety that will encourage their use. Buildings meant for residential purposes can be split into two categories: a) Individual dwellings, detached or in groups; b) Residential blocks with apartments. In th

46、e area of crime prevention, three objective criteria have been taken into account: CEN/TS 14383-3:20056 a) Risk to body and life; b) The nature and value of the property to be protected; c) The degree of accessibility of this property. The history of crime in Europe demonstrates that property theft

47、is often linked with crimes against people (subjected to physical assault at home or close to their residence). Technical protection measures will assist in preventing crime against persons and property and unauthorised access to buildings. Recommendations are also given for the protection of vehicl

48、es and other property kept in common areas. The methodology will consist of describing the behaviour patterns of potential offenders, providing a risk analysis tool for the site under consideration, whether individual dwellings or residential blocks, and proposing technical recommendations and solut

49、ions. 4.2 Designing out crime in individual neighbourhoods Any crime prevention strategy is essentially one of risk management. Consequently, before an effective strategy can be developed, it is important to identify and understand the risk factors involved. When assessing the level of risk it is essential to give high priority to local factors. A diagnostic survey of crime in the immediate neighbourhood should be carried out to identify the types of crime reported, where and when incidents occurred and who the groups of victims were. NOTE This can be achieved by s