CEN TS 12633-2014 Method of polishing specimens prior to the measurement of slip and skid resistance《一种在滑差和抗滑性能检测前的抛光试样方法》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TS 12633:2014Method of polishing specimensprior to the measurement ofslip and skid resistancePD CEN/TS 12633:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS12633:2014. It supersedes DD ENV 12633:2003 which is withdraw

2、n.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/507/7, Pedestrian slip resistance.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. U

3、sers are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 81969 8ICS 93.080.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority

4、of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TS 12633:2014TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 12633 September 2014 ICS 93.080.20 Supersedes ENV 12633:2003English Version Metho

5、d of polishing specimens prior to the measurement of slip and skid resistance Mthode de dtermination de la valeur de rsistance au drapage/ la glissance dunits de pavage polies ou non polies Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Griffigkeitsbeiwertes vor und nach Polierung This Technical Specification (CEN/TS

6、) was approved by CEN on 10 September 2013 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a Eu

7、ropean Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the

8、final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,

9、 Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Managemen

10、t Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 12633:2014 EPD CEN/TS 12633:2014CEN/TS 12633:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references

11、 5 3 Principle 5 4 Apparatus . 5 5 Sampling of test specimens . 8 6 Preparation of test specimen . 8 7 Polishing procedure 9 8 Validation of polishing procedure 9 9 Test report 10 Annex A (informative) Preparation of reference material specimens . 11 A.1 Reference material . 11 A.2 Apparatus and equ

12、ipment 11 A.3 Preparation of reference material specimens . 12 Bibliography 13 PD CEN/TS 12633:2014CEN/TS 12633:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 12633:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 178 “Paving units and kerbs”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This document s

13、upersedes ENV 12633:2003. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the natio

14、nal standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,

15、 Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom PD CEN/TS 12633:2014CEN/TS 12633:2014 (E) 4 Introduction Health and safety aspects WARNING: The application of emery polishing agents during th

16、e course of the operations described in this Technical Specification can generate particles that could be injurious to health. It is essential to ensure that appropriate precautions are taken, e.g. the use of dust masks and/or dust extracting facilities. It is also essential to ensure that the equip

17、ment is electrically safe in wet test conditions. PD CEN/TS 12633:2014CEN/TS 12633:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Specification describes a laboratory method for polishing paving units using a flat-bed polishing machine prior to the measurement of slip and skid resistance to evaluate the durabili

18、ty of this characteristic. This Technical Specification may not be applicable to profiled paving units: for these types of units the method of polishing does not reflect the polishing in practice. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this

19、 document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 772-20, Methods of test for masonry units - Part 20: Determination of flatness of fa

20、ces of aggregate concrete, manufactured stone and natural stone masonry units EN 772-1, Methods of test for masonry units - Part 1: Determination of compressive strength ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD) 3 Principle The Tech

21、nical Specification describes the test method for polishing paving units using an abrasive agent in contact with a rotating resilient mat. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Straight-edge 4.2 Set of feeler gauges with a width of (6 1) mm capable of measuring with an accuracy to 0,05 mm 4.3 Flat-bed polishing machine (

22、see Figure 1) comprising the following: PD CEN/TS 12633:2014CEN/TS 12633:2014 (E) 6 Key 1 sample holder 5 emery hoppers with adjustable conveyors 2 sample 6 lap wheel 3 adjustable mass 7 rubber annulus 4 water supply Figure 1 Flat-bed polishing machine a) a machined, flat circular cast iron or steel

23、 grinding lap not less than (600 3) mm in diameter, which can be rotated in a horizontal plane at a speed of (29 1) r/min; b) a flat smooth-surfaced natural rubber annulus of (600 3) mm external diameter, approximately (320 3) mm internal diameter and a thickness of (9 1) mm fixed to the upper surfa

24、ce. The rubber annulus shall have a hardness from 60 to 75 IRHD in accordance with ISO 48. It shall be covered by a certificate of conformity from the manufacturer which includes the date of manufacture. It should be stored in the dark at a temperature in the range 5 C to 25 C and should be conditio

25、ned by bringing to a temperature of (20 5) C throughout it mass before fixing to the grinding plate. The annulus can be used as long as the hardness remains in the specification. If glue is used to attach the annulus to the grinding plate, care should be taken to ensure it does not affect the hardne

26、ss of the rubber. c) two adjustable metal holders capable of loosely holding in place specimens conforming to Clause 6; d) means of locating, two specimens within the two holders according to the following configuration: with the centre points of their outer edges (270 1) mm from the centre of the l

27、ap; positioned diametrically opposite to each other; with their long sides lying in the direction of rotation of the lap. The specimens shall be free to move in a vertical plane but be restrained from moving in the horizontal plane. PD CEN/TS 12633:2014CEN/TS 12633:2014 (E) 7 e) means to ensure that

28、 the required load can be applied evenly at the centre of each test specimen and which can move in a vertical direction; f) weights which permit uniform loading of the test specimen against the surface of the rubber annulus and which, including test specimen, tray (if used) and adjustable weight, wi

29、ll provide a contact stress of (2 250 50) N/m over the area of the final prepared contact surface; NOTE This stress corresponds to a total mass of 2,924 kg for an area of 150 mm 85 mm. g) separate mechanisms to feed corn emery and emery flour and a means to feed water. Figure 2 Position of the units

30、 onto the flat-bed polishing machine 4.4 Polishing media, consisting of the following: a) fresh natural corn emery, of a grading that conforms with Table 1; Table 1 Grading requirements for corn emery Nominal width of sieve aperture total passing m % 600 98 to 100 500 70 to 100 425 30 to 90 355 0 to

31、 30 300 0 to 5 b) fresh air-floated or water-washed emery flour 95 % of which passes a 50 m test sieve. The polishing media shall be used once only. 4.5 Reference material The reference material is a control stone specimen prepared as described in Annex A. The control stone specimens may be replaced

32、 for internal control by secondary control specimens defined by the laboratory. PD CEN/TS 12633:2014CEN/TS 12633:2014 (E) 8 5 Sampling of test specimens Selected specimens shall be representative of the batch in terms of texture and surface finish and show no undue cracks or other blemishes. Obtain

33、a representative sample of five specimens. Measure the flatness of all specimens according to EN 772-20. If these specimen are flat with an allowable flatness deviation of 0,5 mm, they can be used without grinding. If not, select additional specimen from a further 5 specimens which are within the fl

34、atness criteria. If 5 flat specimens with an allowable flatness deviation of 0,5 mm, cannot be found from 10 specimens, grind the surface of 5 specimens in accordance with EN 772-1, the minimum necessary to fulfil the allowable flatness deviation of 0,5 mm. 6 Preparation of test specimen Carry out p

35、reparation of the test specimen according to the following: a) before polishing, the contact surface of the specimens shall be (150 5) mm from 80 and 90 mm wide i.e. the chamfer is extra. Where the surface to be tested is smaller than 150 mm 85 mm, it is necessary to form a new area by bonding two o

36、r more units together. This can be realised by taking two units and, when necessary, grinding flat one side of each, specifically the side which is perpendicular to the visible side. These two units are then placed on a flat surface with the visible side facing downwards. The two sides which have be

37、en ground flat are then glued to each other using a construction adhesive in such a fashion that the glued joint has a minimal thickness. b) The thickness shall be between 30 mm and 85 mm. NOTE If necessary thinner specimen can be fixed on an adequate support c) each specimen shall have a chamfer mi

38、nimum 3 mm at an angle of approximately 45 along each upper surface edges (see Figure 3), to enable the emery polishing agents to access the contact area between the specimens and the rubber annulus more readily. The chamfer may comprise the natural chamfer of the unit or may be specifically ground.

39、 Key 1 direction of polishing 2 chamfer Figure 3 Plan view of a test specimen on the rubber annulus PD CEN/TS 12633:2014CEN/TS 12633:2014 (E) 9 7 Polishing procedure Calculate the applied load on each specimen necessary to give a contact stress of (2 250 50) N/mm over the area of the final prepared

40、contact surface. NOTE 1 The contact area excludes prepared chamfers on the specimens themselves. NOTE 2 The mass of the specimen is considered to be part of the calculated load. Carry out accelerated polishing using the flat-bed polishing machine (4.3) at (20 5) C according to the following procedur

41、e: a) place the test surfaces of two specimens face down in the metal holders (4.3c) on the rubber annulus (4.3b) at positions diametrically opposite each other. Apply the appropriate loads. Set the machine in motion at a rate of (29 1) r/min; b) feed corn emery of the specified grading (Table 1) on

42、to the surface of the rubber annulus at a rate of (20 2) g/min, spread evenly over the surface immediately in front of each of the test specimens, for (700 10) revolutions. Simultaneously feed water onto the surface just in front of the centre of the test specimens at a rate just sufficient to carry

43、 the corn emery under the test specimen without being washed away; NOTE 3 A water-feed rate of 6 ml/min has been found satisfactory. c) within 30 min of completing 700 revolutions, remove the specimen from the machine and remove all traces of corn emery under running water using a stiff bristle brus

44、h. Remove any corn emery from the surface of the rubber and place the mechanism to feed emery flour of the specified grading (4.4) as the polishing agent onto the machine; d) Place the specimens in the holders in order to be polished in the opposite direction; e) apply the flour at a rate of (2 0,2)

45、 g/min spread evenly over the surface in front of each of the test specimen with water applied simultaneously just in front of the centre of the test specimen at a rate sufficient to maintain a wet paste under the specimens. Polish the units for a further (700 10) revolutions; NOTE 4 A water-feed ra

46、te in the range (1,0 to 3,0) ml/min has been found satisfactory to maintain a creamy paste. NOTE 5 In order to assure a regular rate, the flour emery can be dried for a minimum of 30 min at a temperature between 60 C and 110C. f) wash the polished specimens Verification of the polishing shall be bas

47、ed on monthly control of a reference material. If the period between two tests is greater than one month, control shall be carried out as part of the test. Secondary control specimens defined by the laboratory may be used as an alternative to reference material (4.5). 8 Validation of polishing proce

48、dure Carry out the test using the reference material (see 4.5) when replacing the rubber annulus or for any new batch of emery corn or flour and at a frequency of one specimen at least once per year. If the pendulum value of the reference material varies outside the specified range, the test is inva

49、lid and the flat-bed polishing equipment and procedure shall be checked and, after any necessary adjustment, the test repeated. During the transient period of application of this Technical Specification, acceptable specified range should be investigated. PD CEN/TS 12633:2014CEN/TS 12633:2014 (E) 10 9 Test report The test report shall include: 1) the name of the organization carrying out the test; 2) the date of the test report; 3) the name of the source providing the sample; 4) the sample reference including th