CEN TR 14383-5-2010 Prevention of crime - Urban planning and building design - Part 5 Petrol stations《预防犯罪 城市规划和建筑设计 第5部分 加油站》.pdf

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1、PD CEN/TR14383-5:2010ICS 13.310; 91.020NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPrevention of crime Urban planning andbuilding designPart 5: Petrol stationsThis Published Documentwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommit

2、tee on 31 March2010. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 63907 4Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsPD CEN/TR 14383-5:2010National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR14383-5:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/56

3、2, Security of buildings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard canno

4、t confer immunityfrom legal obligations.PD CEN/TR 14383-5:2010TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 14383-5 January 2010 ICS 13.310; 91.020 English Version Prevention of crime - Urban planning and building design - Part 5: Petrol stations Prvention de la malveillance - Urbani

5、sme et conception des btiments - Partie 5 : Stations-service Vorbeugende Kriminalittsbekmpfung - Stadt- und Gebudeplanung - Teil 5: Tankstellen This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 10 August 2009. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 325. CEN members are the national standa

6、rds bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Un

7、ited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 14383-

8、5:2010: EPD CEN/TR 14383-5:2010CEN/TR 14383-5:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Historical background and design .64.1 General 64.2 The image of the petrol station First source of prevention 74.3 Designing with regard to so

9、ciological and psychological factors .75 Risk assessment and management in petrol station .85.1 General 85.2 Local factors .85.3 Environmental and social risks 85.4 The site .95.5 Who are the potential offenders .95.6 Types of crime that occur most frequently 106 Security strategy for petrol station

10、s . 126.1 General . 126.2 Risk analysis . 136.3 Vulnerability of site and building 146.4 Security concept . 147 Security recommendations for petrol stations 157.1 General . 157.2 Identifying the grade of risk and protection required . 158 Access to petrol station perimeter protection 168.1 General .

11、 168.2 Requirements 178.3 Forecourt and its secondary activities . 179 The main building . 209.1 Risk analysis . 2010 Management 2510.1 Staff and manager role . 2510.2 The part of oil companies and other partners . 2510.3 Management of the funds in transit in petrol stations 2610.4 Maintenance 26Ann

12、ex A (normative) Recommended levels of security . 28Annex B (informative) Risk analysis of petrol stations vulnerability to the crime 29B.1 Introduction . 29B.2 Risk assessment . 30B.3 How to fill in the questionnaire . 31B.4 Application example of the risk analysis . 32Bibliography . 50PD CEN/TR 14

13、383-5:2010CEN/TR 14383-5:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 14383-5:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 325 “Prevention of crime by urban planning and building design”, the secretariat of which is held by SNV. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements o

14、f this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The status of Technical Report (CEN/TR) was proposed to give all countries the opportunity to compare experiences and to harmonise procedures. CEN/TR 1

15、4383, Prevention of crime Urban planning and building design, consists of the following parts: Part 1: Definition of specific terms1) Part 2: Urban planning Part 3: Dwellings Part 4: Shops and offices Part 5: Petrol stations Part 6: Schools2) Part 7: Design and management of public transport facilit

16、ies Part 8: Protection of buildings and sites against criminal attacks with vehicles 1) Published as EN 14383-1. 2) Published as prCEN/TR 14383-6. PD CEN/TR 14383-5:2010CEN/TR 14383-5:2010 (E) 4 Introduction The nature, cost and scale of crime against petrol stations can be hard to quantify and ther

17、e are many factors that can influence whether or not an offence is committed. For the purpose of this Technical Report, apart from the three basic criminological approaches already described in CEN/TS 14383-4, there should be a further examination of the vulnerability of petrol stations. This vulner

18、ability can depend on multiple factors that can vary from country to country. The diverse nature of regulations that apply to petrol stations and the differences in management and trading relations should be accounted for in any risk analysis. Petrol stations can be described as highly accessible tr

19、ading sites (they can be reached by foot or by car and can be left immediately). They can be quite isolated in space (even for citizen urban petrol stations) sometimes because of their size, their small number of staff, and/or because they have a multiple and free service function (fuel, food shop,

20、drinks, accessories, car maintenance, etc.), with a wide opening time to the public. In addition, factors that do not depend directly on the location of the petrol station and its activities should be taken into account, i.e. the general physical and social environment, the retailers commercial stra

21、tegies, the power of reaction of law enforcement agencies (police, gendarmerie, local police department). The result is that crime in petrol stations varies in rate and nature according to the accumulation of the described risk factors, which means that producing uniform modes of management and secu

22、rity equipments for petrol stations is very difficult. In practice, each petrol station should be subject to individual analysis in order to optimize the safety strategies and apply the most efficient tools to prevent crime. PD CEN/TR 14383-5:2010CEN/TR 14383-5:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Repo

23、rt gives guidelines for a recommended strategy for efficiently combating the different types of crime liable to be committed against petrol stations. NOTE Crimes that are liable to be committed against petrol stations could include: armed robbery, violent theft, burglary (usually by breaking in at n

24、ight), theft, fraud (failure to pay, use of stolen credit cards or cheques and other frauds), arson, vandalism and other crimes and offences. This Technical Report is applicable to new and existing petrol station buildings that are open to and accessible by the public. 2 Normative references The fol

25、lowing referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 356, Glass in building Security glazing Testing and c

26、lassification of resistance against manual attack EN 1063, Glass in building Security glazing Testing and classification of resistance against bullet attack EN 1143-1, Secure storage units Requirements, classification and methods of test for resistance to burglary Part 1: Safes, ATM safes, strongroo

27、m doors and strongrooms EN 1303, Building hardware Cylinders for locks Requirements and test methods EN 1522, Windows, doors, shutters and blinds Bullet resistance Requirements and classification ENV 1627, Windows, doors, shutters Burglar resistance Requirements and classification EN 14383-1:2006, P

28、revention of crime Urban planning and building design Part 1: Definition of specific terms CEN/TS 14383-4:2006, Prevention of crime Urban planning and design Part 4: Shops and offices EN 50132-7, Alarm systems CCTV surveillance systems for use in security applications Part 7: Application guidelines

29、3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14383-1:2006 and the following apply. 3.1 petrol station liquid fuel supplying point for motor vehicles that provides supplies for the operation of motor vehicles, and can provide other services as well

30、(i.e. food, catering, car wash, maintenance and car repair, emergency car repair) 3.2 petrol liquid fuel comprising a mixture of several hydrocarbons that are derived from petroleum refining and/or organic fuel, and which is used to power combustion engines PD CEN/TR 14383-5:2010CEN/TR 14383-5:2010

31、(E) 6 4 Historical background and design 4.1 General The occupation of petrol supply to the general public has greatly changed over time from the petrol pump and emergency car repair to petrol self service and the multi service station. The evolution towards the multi purpose service station may hav

32、e satisfied the customers need, but it has also created new opportunities of crime. A new community business is created that satisfies the customers need, but it is a business attractive pole located on very different sites that may generate problems that were unknown till then, ranging from vandali

33、sm, misuse of space to breaking in, armed robbery, racketing, drug use and trafficking, means of payment fraud, soliciting within the frame of prostitution, etc. A petrol station is a typical example of a vulnerable business because of the existence of endogenous and exogenous factors that are linke

34、d with petrol supply. The evolution of this business and the development of trading and service activities make the targeted sites vulnerable to crime because of the three following characteristics: the opening to the public with an access up to 24 hours and seven days; a certain isolation linked wi

35、th the specific requirements and regulations that apply to this type of installation; a reduced human presence for economical reasons. The interest that may be given by a petrol station to a criminal is not only linked to the profit itself but also to the easiness for committing the crime, the suppo

36、sed quickness of execution together with a supposed reduction of risks taken by the criminal. Petrol stations may be broken into five groups according to their geographic location: motorway petrol stations; ring and main road petrol stations; shopping centre petrol stations; urban district petrol st

37、ations; rural petrol stations. The definition of security of a petrol station may be summed up by the consideration of: the site location; the local environment; the structure and the shape of the building (to protect the staff, the customers and their belongings from any attack). The main design fa

38、ctors include: the physical location; PD CEN/TR 14383-5:2010CEN/TR 14383-5:2010 (E) 7 the accesses; the location of doors and windows; the access control; the pedestrian and vehicle flow; vulnerable indoor and outdoor areas; formal and informal human surveillance. Significant results in crime and an

39、ti-social behaviour control may be obtained by considering these elements of the architectural approach and taking into account their impact on safety at the design stage and by keeping in mind management measures at the same time. To achieve this, planners, oil companies, owners, managers, in close

40、 relationship with urban planners, architects and designers, as well as professionals with crime prevention expertise should form the design team and should be involved to ensure that crime prevention factors are included in the design. 4.2 The image of the petrol station First source of prevention

41、A criminals first impression can have a great influence on their decision on whether or not to commit a crime. A well maintained petrol station that is clean and neat may give an impression of comfort and even wealth, but it may also be a message that the employees that work there are proud of their

42、 working place and are more liable to protect it. If the staff is encouraged to work as a team, improve the environment and defend the territory against criminals, crime may be reduced and the quality of service for customers may be improved. Two ways of achieving this goal are: designing spaces in

43、order to give the petrol station a clear identity; providing the maximum possible surveillance by a direct or indirect presence. Criminals do not like to be seen and wherever possible, it is also advised to encourage a mixing of use and occupation. This can result in more individuals being present t

44、o provide any formal surveillance. 4.3 Designing with regard to sociological and psychological factors The joint design team should consider the various factors that can influence the opportunity to commit crime. The following are some of the most important factors: a) Ownership It is essential that

45、 the design of space be such that customers are immediately aware that they are in a private commercial space that is open to the public, and that they behave accordingly. In this case, it is less probable that a crime or an anti-social behaviour occurs without provoking a reaction from the staff or

46、 the customers. b) Presence One of the essential prevention factors to crime is the risk of being seen and identified. Therefore, human presence and natural surveillance are very important. The design of the petrol station should be carried out to allow clear sight lines and provide wide natural sur

47、veillance from the staff, the customers and public and private security forces. For the same reasons, buildings should front onto public spaces. Fear of crime, whether real or perceived by the customers or the staff, needs to be considered and the design of the petrol stations should take it into ac

48、count. PD CEN/TR 14383-5:2010CEN/TR 14383-5:2010 (E) 8 c) Conflict minimization linked with misuse of space Any design feature preventing space clarity that could give rise to a potential conflict situation having direct and durable consequences on the business activity of the site should be avoided

49、, e.g. a low fence wall that could be used as seating, badly designed parking space that could be used as a point for drug dealing. Features that are badly designed can attract criminal activities and generate a fear of crime that can dissuade the customers from using the petrol station. 5 Risk assessment and management in