CAN CGSB-149 15-1996 Determination of the Overall Envelope Airtightness of Buildings by the Fan Pressurization Method Using the Building-s Air Handling Systems.pdf

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1、b CGSB CANICGSB-149.1596 O= Canadian General Standards Board Determination of the Overall Envelope Airtightness of Buildings by the Fan Pressurization Method Using the Buildings Air Handling Systems National Standard of Canada The CANADIAN GENERAL STANDARDS BOARD (CGSB), under whose auspices this st

2、andard has been developed is a government agency within the Federal Department of Supply and Services. CGSB is engaged in the production of voluntary standards in a wide range of subject areas through the media of standards committees and the consensus process. The standards committees are composed

3、of representatives of relevant interests including producers, consumers and other users, retailers, governments, educational institutions, technical, professional and trade societies, and research and testing organizations. Any given standard is developed on the consensus of views expressed by such

4、representatives. The Ministers Advisory Council on CGSB reviews the results of the consensus process. CGSB has been accredited by the Standards Council of Canada as a national standards-writing organization. The standards that it develops and offers as National Standards of Canada conform to the cri

5、teria and procedures established for this purpose by the Standards Council of Canada. In addition to standards it publishes as national standards, CGSB produces standards to meet particular needs, in response to requests from a variety of sources in both the public and private sectors. Both CGSB sta

6、ndards and national standards developed by CGSB are developed in conformance with the policies described in the Policy Manual for the Development and Maintenance of Standards by CGSB. CGSB standards are subject to review and revision at any time, so as to ensure that they keep abreast of technologic

7、al progress. Suggestions for their improvement, which are always welcome, should be brought to the notice of the standards committees concerned. Changes to standards are issued either as separate amendment sheets or in new editions of standards. An up-to-date listing of CGSB standards, including det

8、ails on latest issues and amendments, and ordering instructions, will be found in the CGSB Catalogue, which is published annually and is available without charge upon request. Although the intended primary application of this standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains t

9、he responsibility of the users of the standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose. Many tests required by CGSB standards are inherently hazardous. CGSB neither assumes nor accepts any responsibility for any injury or damage that may occur during or as the result of tests, wherever

10、 performed. CGSB takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted with any item connected with this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights are entirely their own responsibility. Further information on

11、 CGSB and its services and standards may be obtained from: The Manager Standardization Information Division Canadian General Standards Board Ottawa, Canada K1A 1G The STANDARDS COUNCIL OF CANADA is the co-ordinating body of the National Standards System, a federation of independent, autonomous organ

12、izations working towards the further development and improvement of voluntary standardization in the national interest. The principal objectives of the Council are to foster and promote voluntary standardization as a means of advancing the national economy, benefiting the health, safety and welfare

13、of the public, assisting and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic and international trade, and furthering international co-operation in the field of standards. A National Standard of Canada is a standard which has been approved by the Standards Council of Canada and one which reflects a re

14、asonable agreement among the views of a number of capable individuals whose collective interests provide, to the greatest practicable extent, a balance of representation of producers, users, consumers and others with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. It normally is a

15、standard that is capable of making a significant and timely contribution to the national interest. Approval of a standard as a National Standard of Canada indicates that a standard conforms to the criteria and procedures established by the Standards Council of Canada. Approval does not refer to the

16、technical content of the standard; this remains the continuing responsibility of the accredited standards-writing organization. Those who have a need to apply standards are encouraged to use National Standards of Canada whenever practicable. These standards are subject to periodic review; therefore,

17、 users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the organization preparing the standard. The responsibility for approving National Standards of Canada rests with the: Standards Council of Canada 45 OConnor Street Suite 1200 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6N7 How to order Publications: by Telephone - (61

18、3) 941-8703 ar - 1-800-665-CGSB (Cd only) by Fax - (613) 941-8705 by Mail - CGSB Sales Centre Ottawa, Canada K1A 1G6 in Person - Suite 1402 222 Queen Street Ottawa, Ontario . CGSB CAN/CGSB- 149.15-76 X* = L874b50 0029079 845 NATIONAL STANDARD OF CANADA CANICGSB-149.15-96 . DETERMINATION OF THE OVERA

19、LL ENVELOPE AIRTIGHTNESS OF BUILDINGS BY THE FAN PRESSURIZATION METHOD USING THE BUILDINGS AIR HANDLING SYSTEMS Prepared Canadian by the Approved by the General Standards Board Standards Council of Canada Published March 1996 by the Canadian General Standards Board Ottawa, Canada K1A 1G6 Minister of

20、 Supply and Services Canada - 19% No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission of the publisher. CANADIAN GENERAL STANDARDS BOARD COMMITTEE ON AIRTIGHTNESS AND AIR LEAKAGE TESTING OF BUILDINGS (Membership at date of approval) Shaw, C.Y. Chairperson Ackerman,

21、 M. Buchan, D. Cheung, M. Colantonio, T. Dalgleish, L. Dumont, R. Grot, R. Haysom J. Hill, D. Holland, M. Lauton, M. MacNeish, B. Moffatt, S. Mousseau, P. Parekh, A. Portelance, G. Proskiw, G. Rinella, J. Sinha, R. Soosaar, H. woods, c. Woods, T. Yuill, G. Craig, W. Secretary 1 National Research Cou

22、ncil of Canada University of Alberta Buchan Lawton Parent Ltd. Public Works and Government Services Public Works and Government Services National Energy Conservation Association Saskatchewan Research Council Lagus Applied Technology National Research Council of Canada Canada Mortgage and Housing Cor

23、poration Holland e.g. to predict the amount of air leakage that is likely to occur under various atmospheric conditions. The testing and data analysis procedure and suggested instrumentation included in this standard have been developed and refined by the Institute for Research in Construction (IRC)

24、, National Research Council of Canada, and have been used by the staff of IRC in more than twenty buildings. The test procedure has been specifically developed for use with supply air systems. With some modifications, it can be used for buildings with exhaust air systems. In either case the system m

25、ust have sufficient capacity to pressurize or depressurize the building to the levels called for in the standard. * A “Commentary” companion document, that wilZ give the user an insight into the theoretical basis of this standard, is under development and should be available by the end of 19%. i CGS

26、B CAN/CGSB- l149=15-96 ft m 1874b50 0029084 102 m CAN/CGSB-149.15-96 CANADIAN GENERAL STANDARDS BOARD DETERMINATION OF THE OVERALL ENVELOPE AIRTIGHTNESS OF BUILDINGS BY THE FAN PRESSURIZATION METHOD USING THE BUILDING?S AIR HANDLING SYSTEMS 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 2. 3. 3.1 3.1.1 3.2 4. 4.1 SCOPE AND FIELD O

27、F APPLICATION This is a method for the determination of the overall airtightness of building envelopes. It is not a method for determining the actual air leakage which occurs through a building envelope under the natural influences of wind and buoyancy pressures, or as a result of pressures produced

28、 by the operation of air handling systems. This method is applicable to buildings with air handling systems. The testing and evaluation of a product against this standard may require the use of materials andor equipment that could be hazardous. This document does not purport to address all the safet

29、y aspects associated with its use. Anyone using this standard has the responsibility to consult the appropriate authorities and to establish appropriate health and safety practices in conjunction with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to its use. PRINCIPLE The air handling system

30、 is used to pressurize or depressurize the building in a manner such that the total inward or outward flow can be measured (Figure i). Airflow rates are varied in increments to create at least four different pressure differences across the building envelope. These airflow rates and their correspondi

31、ng pressure differences across the building envelope are measured and recorded. The air leakage characteristic of the test building is then determined by plotting the airflow rates against the corresponding pressure differences. REFERENCED PUBLICATION The following publication is referenced in this

32、standard. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) AS- Fundamentals. A reference to a regulation is always to the latest issue. A dated reference is to the issue specified. An undated reference is to the latest issue, unless otherwise specified by the author

33、ity applying this standard. The sources are given in the Notes section. TERMINOLOGY The following definitions apply in this standard: Airtightness (fitanchit l?air) The degree to which unintentional openings in the building envelope have been avoided. Area of Buiiding Envelope (Aire de l?enveloppe d

34、u btiment) The sum of the area of walls, ceilings and floors which enclose the conditioned space. Building Envelope Test Area (Aire d?essai de l?enveloppe du btiment) The sum of the area of the walls, ceilings and floors which enclose the pressurized or depressuized space under test. Conditioned Spa

35、ce (Milieu intrieur) The space where airflow, temperature andor humidity are controlled. Intentional Opening (Ouverture intentionnelle) An opening in the building envelope deliberately made to fulfil a particular function. 1 CGSB CANICGSB- 149.15-96 * 1874650 0029085 049 Pressure tap Supply air fan

36、*/ I Mechanical floors r 8 I Pressure measuring . equipment . Pressure tap FIGURE 1 Test Building Set-up Test floors . Stair - 2 CANKGSB-149.15-96 CGSB CANICGSB- 149-15-96 * 1874650 002908b T85 4.2 Although the definition of each quantity symbol is usually included in the paragraph in which it appea

37、rs, Table 1 provides a list of quantity definitions for those quantity symbols that are included in the body of the standard. TABLE 1 Symbols Quantity Symbol Quantity Definition Unit SI unit Symbol C flow coefficient; a constant used to determine Q litres/second Pascal“ UsPa“ n flow exponent; a cons

38、tant used to determine Q Dimensionless - Pa ambient atmospheric pressure kilopascals kPa Do,b initial pressure difference across the building envelope with Pascals Pa DO., final pressure difference across the building envelope with the Pascals Pa the fan(s) - not operating and sealed fan(s) not - op

39、erating and sealed APO average pressure difference across the building envelope with Pascals the fan) - not operating and sealed flw measured pressure difference across the building, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4 . Pascals Pa Pa *a. corrected pressure difference across the building envelope, Pascals Pa PC ba

40、rometric pressure under calibration conditions kilopascals kPa Prall barometric pressure at the airflow measuring location kilopascals kPa where i = 1, 2, 3, 4 . %i measured airflow rate at the jth fan indicated by the flow litredsecond US QW measuring device create each AP, and i = 1, 2, 3, 4 numbe

41、r of measured pressure differences sum of q, where j = 1, 2, 3, 4 . . number of fans used to litres/second US Qa corrected airflow rate (Appendix C) airtightness value estimated airflow rate (Appendix C) 8 tres/second US litres/second US litres/second US 810 airtightness value at a pressure differen

42、ce of 10 Pa litres/second US 850 airtightness value at a pressure difference of 50 Pa litres/second US 875 airtightness value at a pressure difference of 75 Pa litreshecond US r correlation coefficient (Appendix C) - - R gas constant for air (0.287055 J/g K) Joules/gram x Kelvin J/g x K S building e

43、nvelope area L outdoor air temperature square meters m2 degrees Celsius OC tran air temperature at the airflow measuring location degrees Celsius OC cp density of air kilograms/metre3 kg/m3 CAN/CGSB-149.15-96 3 CGSB CANICGSB- 147-15-96 * m 1874650 0029087 911 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 6. 6.

44、1 6.2 6.3 APPARATUS Fan The supply (exhaust) air fan or fans of the buildings air handling system should have a total outdoor (exhaust) airflow capacity capable of producing a pressure difference across the building envelope of about 60 Pa. (Tests conducted on eight Canadian office buildings indicat

45、ed that the measured airtightness values of these buildings at a maximum pressure difference of 50 Pa were between 1.0 and 2.5 Us per square meter of the exterior wall area. Sufficient fan capacity for testing buildings is estimated to be about 2.5 Us per square meter of the exterior wall area.) The

46、 fan(s) shall have an airflow control apparatus to vary the outdoor air supply rate (e-g. a speed control or a control damper in series with the fan). Pressure-Measuring Apparatus - The pressure-measuring apparatus (e.g. a micro manometer) shall be graduated in maximum increments of 1 Pa, be accurat

47、e within 1 Pa, and operate only within its calibration range. It shall be capable of measuring pressure differences across the envelope over the range required by the test method employed: O to 75 Pa. Airflow Rate Measuring Apparatus - The airflow rate measuring device should be easy to install and

48、remove from existing air ducts. (As an example, an apparatus shown in Figure 2, consisting of a total pressure averaging tube and a static pressure probe can be used for this purpose.) The accuracy of air flow measurement shall be 5% of the measured flow rate. Thermometer - This device shall be used

49、 to measure temperature in degrees Celsius, and shall have a range of -10 to 35OC and an accuracy of floc. Pressure Averaging and Damping Equipment Pressure Averaging Device - There shall be a suitable device for connection of the tubes from the exterior pressure taps to the pressure measuring instrument as shown in Appendix A, Figure A2. Capihry Tubes - To minimize the wind influence, a capillary tubing of the dimensions corresponding to those in Table Al of Appendix A can b