BS ISO IEC 24751-1-2008 Information technology - Individualized adaptability and accessibility in e-learning education and training - Framework and reference model《信息技术 电子学习、教育和培训中.pdf

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1、BS ISO/IEC24751-1:2008ICS 03.100.30; 35.240.99NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDInformationtechnology Individualizedadaptability andaccessibility in e-learning, educationand training Part 1: Framework and referencemodelThis British Standardwas publ

2、ished underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 31 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 56060 6Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008.The UK participation in

3、its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/43, Information technology for learning, education andtraining.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contra

4、ct. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.December 2008BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008Reference numberNumro de rfrenceISO/IEC 24751-1:2008(E/F)ISO/IEC 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO/IEC24751-1Fir

5、st editionPremire dition2008-10-01Information technology Individualized adaptability and accessibility in e-learning, education and training Part 1: Framework and reference model Technologies de linformation Adaptabilit et accessibilit individualises en e-apprentissage, en ducation et en formation P

6、artie 1: Cadre et modle de rfrence BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008(E/F) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed

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13、TG PAR COPYRIGHT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs

14、 member body in the country of the requester. / Droits de reproduction rservs. Sauf prescription diffrente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans

15、 laccord crit de lISO ladresse ci-aprs ou du comit membre de lISO dans le pays du demandeur. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland/Publi en Suisse ii ISO/IEC 2008 All rights

16、 reserved/Tous droits rservsBS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008(E/F) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction vii 1 Scope 1 1.1 Statement of Scope .1 1.2 Exclusions 2 1.2.1 The creation of accessible content2 1.2.2 Person: organization and

17、 public administration 2 1.3 Aspects not currently addressed.2 2 Terms and definitions .3 3 Symbols and abbreviations8 4 Basic principles .9 4.1 Two types of parts in this multi-part standard .9 4.2 Extending the standard.12 4.3 Disability and accessibility .12 4.4 The importance of interoperability

18、 and consistent implementation 13 5 Abstract model.14 6 Multilinguality.19 7 Conformance19 Annex A (normative) Consolidated list of terms: in French alphabetical order.20 Annex B (informative) Alternative access terms22 Annex C (informative) Accessibility policies and legislation .31 Annex D (inform

19、ative) List of contributors .32 Bibliography 33 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008(E/F) iv ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsSommaire Page Avant-propos. vi Introduction . viii 1 Domaine dapplication 1 1.1 nonc du domaine dapplication. 1 1.2 Exclusions . 2 1.2.1 La cration d

20、e contenu accessible . 2 1.2.2 Personne: organisation et administration publique 2 1.3 Autres aspects non couverts actuellement2 2 Termes et dfinitions 3 3 Symboles et abrviations. 8 4 Principes de base 9 4.1 Deux types de parties dans la norme multiparties 9 4.2 Extension de la norme 12 4.3 Dficien

21、ce et accessibilit 12 4.4 Importance de linteroprabilit et de lapplication cohrente. 13 5 Modle abstrait 14 6 Multilinguisme . 19 7 Conformit . 19 Annexe A (normative) Liste de termes consolide: dans lordre alphabtique franais 20 Annexe B (informative) Termes daccs alternatifs 22 Annexe C (informati

22、ve) Politiques et lgislation en matire daccessibilit 31 Annexe D (informative) Liste des contributeurs 32 Bibliographie 33 BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008(E/F) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (

23、the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with part

24、icular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have esta

25、blished a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint techn

26、ical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO an

27、d IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 24751-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 36, Information technology for learning, education, and training. ISO/IEC 24751 is derived from the IMS

28、GLC Learner Information Package Accessibility for LIP Specification and the IMS AccessForAll Meta-data Specification. See . ISO/IEC 24751 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Individualized adaptability and accessibility in e-learning, education and trainin

29、g: Part 1: Framework and reference model Part 2: “Access for all” personal needs and preferences for digital delivery Part 3: “Access for all” digital resource description Future parts will address non-digital resource description, personal needs and preferences for non-digital resources, personal n

30、eeds and preferences for description of events and places, description of events and places, and language accessibility and human interface equivalencies (HIEs) in e-learning applications. BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008(E/F) vi ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsAvant-pr

31、opos LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) et la CEI (Commission lectrotechnique internationale) forment le systme spcialis de la normalisation mondiale. Les organismes nationaux membres de lISO ou de la CEI participent au dveloppement de Normes internationales par lintermdiaire des co

32、mits techniques crs par lorganisation concerne afin de soccuper des domaines particuliers de lactivit technique. Les comits techniques de lISO et de la CEI collaborent dans des domaines dintrt commun. Dautres organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec lI

33、SO et la CEI participent galement aux travaux. Dans le domaine des technologies de linformation, lISO et la CEI ont cr un comit technique mixte, lISO/CEI JTC 1. Les Normes internationales sont rdiges conformment aux rgles donnes dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2. La tche principale du comit tech

34、nique mixte est dlaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par le comit technique mixte sont soumis aux organismes nationaux pour vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert lapprobation de 75 % au moins des organismes nationaux votants. Latten

35、tion est appele sur le fait que certains des lments du prsent document peuvent faire lobjet de droits de proprit intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. LISO et la CEI ne sauraient tre tenues pour responsables de ne pas avoir identifi de tels droits de proprit et averti de leur existence. LISO/CEI 24

36、751-1 a t labore par le comit technique mixte ISO/CEI JTC 1, Technologies de linformation, sous-comit SC 36, Technologies pour lducation, la formation et lapprentissage. LISO/CEI 24751 est drive de IMS GLC Learner Information Package Accessibility for LIP Specification et de IMS AccessForAll Meta-da

37、ta Specification. Voir . LISO/CEI 24751 comprend les parties suivantes, prsentes sous le titre gnral Technologies de linformation Adaptabilit et accessibilit individualises en e-apprentissage, en ducation et en formation: Partie 1: Cadre et modle de rfrence Partie 2: Besoins personnels en matire dac

38、cs pour tous et prfrences de prestation numrique Partie 3: Description des ressources numriques relatives laccs pour tous Des parties futures concerneront la description des ressources non numriques, les besoins et prfrences personnelles pour les ressources non numriques, les besoins et prfrences pe

39、rsonnelles pour la description des vnements et des lieux, la description des vnements et des lieux, et laccessibilit linguistique et les quivalences dinterface humaine (EIH) dans les applications de-apprentissage. BS ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008(E/F) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved/Tous

40、 droits rservs viiIntroduction ISO/IEC 24751 is intended to facilitate the matching of individual user needs and preferences with educational digital resources that meet those needs and preferences. It is intended to address mismatches between personal needs and preferences caused by any number of c

41、ircumstances, including requirements related to client devices, environments, language proficiency or abilities. The terms and definitions within ISO/IEC 24751 are not judgmental but functional; the purpose is not to point out flaws in educational digital resources with respect to accessibility and

42、adaptability, but to facilitate the discovery and use of the most appropriate content components for each user. In ISO/IEC 24751, it is recognized that learners experience a disability when there is a mismatch between the learners needs (or preferences) and the education or learning experience deliv

43、ered. Disability is therefore not viewed as a personal trait but as a consequence of the relationship between a learner and a learning environment or resource delivery system. An individual who is blind is not disabled when the lesson is delivered in audio, but an individual who does not have the ne

44、cessary background knowledge to understand the lesson, or an individual who is listening to the lesson in a noisy environment, is disabled. Given this reframing, a learning environment is accessible when learner needs can be addressed or matched (through adaptation, re-aggregation or substitution of

45、 digital learning resources). Accessibility is determined by the flexibility of the learning environment (with respect to presentation, control methods, structure, access mode, and learner supports, for example) and the availability of adequate alternative-but-equivalent content and activities. The

46、needs and preferences of a user may arise from the users context or environment, the technical requirements of the users device, the tools available (e.g. assistive technologies such as Braille devices, voice recognition systems, alternative keyboards, etc.), the users background, or a disability in

47、 the traditional sense. Accessible systems adjust the user interface or configuration of the learning environment, locate needed resources and adjust the resources to match the characteristics of the resources to the needs and preferences of a user. This part of ISO/IEC 24751 provides a common frame

48、work for additional parts. These additional parts provide two complementary sets of information: a) the description of a learners accessibility needs and preferences, including 1) how digital resources are to be displayed and structured, 2) how digital resources are to be controlled and operated, and 3) what supplementary or alternative digital resources are to be supplied; b) the description of the characteristics of the resource that affect how it can be perceived, understood or interacted with by a user, including 1) what sensory modalities are used in the resource, 2) the ways