BS ISO 855-2003 Oil of lemon [Citrus limon (L ) Burm f ] obtained by expression《压榨法获得的柠檬[Citrus limon (L ) Burm f ]油》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 855:2003 Oil of lemon Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., obtained by expression ICS 71.100.60 BS ISO 855:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 17 December 2003 BSI 17 December 2003 ISBN 0 580 43115 0 National f

2、oreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 855:2003 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/54, Essential oils, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can

3、 be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of t

4、he BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid en

5、quirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This d

6、ocument comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii and iii, a blank page, pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd.

7、No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 855:2003(E) OSI 3002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 855 Second edition 2003-12-01 Oil of lemon Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., obtained by expression Huile essentielle de citron Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., obtenue par expression BSISO855:2003IS:558 O3002(E) DPlcsid Frem

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12、ttseuqer ehe.r ISO cirypothg fofice saCe tsopale 65 eneG 1121-HC 02 av leT. 4 + 10 947 22 1 11 xaF0 947 22 14 + 9 74 E-mial coirypthgis.o gro We bwww.is.o groii ISO 3002 Allr ihgtsser edevrBSISO855:2003IS:558 O3002(E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for

13、Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the r

14、ight to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Interna- tional Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Internati

15、onal Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication

16、as an Interna- tional Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights

17、. ISO 855 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 54, Essential oils. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 855:1981), which has been technically revised. Together with the revised versions of ISO 3519 and ISO 8899, it will also cancel and replace ISO 7611:1985. BSISO855

18、:2003blank BSISO855:2003INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:558 O3002(E)I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 1Oil of lemon Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., obtained by expression 1 Scope This International Standard specifies certain characteristics of the oil of lemon Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., obtained by expression, i

19、n order to facilitate assessment of its quality. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispen- sable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For un- dated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (includin

20、g any amendments) applies. ISO/TR 210, Essential oils General rules for packaging, conditioning and storage ISO/TR 211, Essential oils General rules for la- belling and marking of containers ISO 212, Essential oils Sampling ISO 279, Essential oils Determination of relative density at 20 C Reference

21、method ISO 280, Essential oils Determination of refrac- tive index ISO 592, Essential oils Determination of optical rotation ISO 875, Essential oils Evaluation of miscibility in ethanol ISO 1242, Essential oils Determination of acid value ISO 1271, Essential oils Determination of car- bonyl value Fr

22、ee hydroxylamine method ISO 4715, Essential oils Quantitative evaluation of residue on evaporation ISO 4735, Oils of Citrus Determination of CD value by ultraviolet spectrometric analysis ISO 11024-1, Essential oils General guidance on chromatographic profiles Part 1: Preparation of chromatographic

23、profiles for presentation in stan- dards ISO 11024-2, Essential oils General guidance on chromatographic profiles Part 2: Utilization of chromatographic profiles of samples of essential oils 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 oil

24、 of lemon essential oil obtained by expression, without the aid of heat and with or without previous separation of the pulp and the peel, from the fresh fruit of Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., of the Rutaceae family, growing mainly in Argentina, Brazil, Cyprus, Italy, Ivory Coast, Spain, South Africa a

25、nd United States. NOTE For information on the CAS number, see ISO/TR 21092. BSISO855:2003IS:558 O3002(E) 2 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr4 Requirements 4.1 Appearance American type Mediterranean type Equatorial Coastal type Desert type Spain Italy Ivory Coast, Brazil Mobile, clear liquid, which may b

26、ecome cloudy by lowering the temperature 4.2 Colour American type Mediterranean type Equatorial Coastal type Desert type Spain Italy Ivory Coast, Brazil From pale yellow to dark green 4.3 Odour American type Mediterranean type Equatorial Coastal type Desert type Spain Italy Ivory Coast, Brazil Chara

27、cteristic of fresh lemon pericarp 4.4 Relative density, at 20 C, 20 20 d American type Mediterranean type Equatorial Coastal type Desert type Spain Italy Ivory Coast, Brazil min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. 0,851 0,857 0,849 0,854 0,849 0,858 0,850 0,858 0,845 0,854 4.5 Refractive i

28、ndex at 20 C American type Mediterranean type Equatorial Coastal type Desert type Spain Italy Ivory Coast, Brazil min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. 1,473 0 1,476 0 1,473 0 1,476 0 1,473 0 1,476 0 1,473 0 1,476 0 1,473 0 1,479 0 BSISO855:2003IS:558 O3002(E) I SO 3002 All irhgts serede

29、vr 34.6 Optical rotation at 20 C American type Mediterranean type Equatorial Coastal type Desert type Spain Italy Ivory Coast, Brazil Between +57 and +66 Between +67 and +78 Between +57 and +66 Between +57 and +66 Between +57 and +70 4.7 Residue on evaporation American type Mediterranean type Equato

30、rial Coastal type Desert type Spain Italy Ivory Coast, Brazil min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. 1,75 3,90 n.a. n.a. 1,50 3,90 1,50 3,90 1,50 4,00 4.8 Acid value (max.) American type Mediterranean type Equatorial Coastal type Desert type Spain Italy Ivory Coast, Brazil 2 2 2 2 2 4.9 C

31、arbonyl value American type Mediterranean type Equatorial Coastal type Desert type Spain Italy Ivory Coast, Brazil min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. 8,0 14,0 6,25 12,0 11,0 17,0 11,0 17,0 6,0 17,0 4.10 CD value American type Mediterranean type Equatorial Coastal type Desert type Spai

32、n Italy Ivory Coast, Brazil min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. 0,20 n.a. 0,20 n.a. 0,40 0,90 0,45 0,90 0,20 0,96 BSISO855:2003IS:558 O3002(E) 4 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr4.11 Chromatographic profile Analysis of the essential oil shall be carried out by gas chromatography. In the ch

33、romatogram obtained, the representative and characteristics components shown in Table 1 shall be identified. The proportions of these components, indicated by the integrator, shall be as shown in Table 1. This constitutes the chromatographic profile of the essential oil. 4.12 Flashpoint Information

34、on the flashpoint is given in Annex B. 5 Sampling See ISO 212. Minimum volume of test sample: 25 ml. NOTE This volume allows each of the tests specified in this International Standard to be carried out at least once. 6 Test methods 6.1 Relative density at 20 C, 20 20 d See ISO 279. 6.2 Refractive in

35、dex at 20 C See ISO 280. 6.3 Optical rotation at 20 C See ISO 592. 6.4 Residue on evaporation See ISO 4715. Test portion: 5 g. Evaporation time: 5 h. 6.5 Acid value See ISO 1242. Test portion: 2 g. 6.6 Carbonyl value See ISO 1271. Test portion: 10 g. Period of standing: 15 min. Relative molecular ma

36、ss: 152,23. 6.7 CD value See ISO 4735. Point B: 285 nm approximately. Maximum value (point D): 315 nm approximately. Point A: 365 nm approximately. Dilution of 0,25 g of oil in 100 ml of 95 % (volume fraction) ethanol. 6.8 Chromatographic profile See ISO 11024-1 and ISO 11024-2. 7 Packaging, labelli

37、ng, marking and storage See ISO/TR 210 and ISO/TR 211. BSISO855:2003IS:558 O3002(E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 5Table 1 Chromatographic profile Values in percent American type Mediterranean type Equatorial Coastal type Desert type Spain Italy Ivory Coast, Brazil Components min. max. min. max. min

38、. max. min. max. min. max. -Thujene 0,2 0,5 0,2 0,5 0,2 0,5 0,2 0,5 0,2 0,5 -Pinene 1,5 2,5 1,4 2,5 1,5 3,0 1,5 3,0 1,4 3,0 Sabinene 1,5 2,5 1,3 2,5 1,5 3,0 1,5 3,0 1,4 3,0 -Pinene 9,0 14,0 10,0 13,0 10,0 16,5 10,0 16,5 7,0 16,0 p-Cymene 0,05 0,35 0,01 0,35 traces 0,40 0,05 0,35 0,05 0,35 Limonene a

39、63,0 70,0 70,0 80,0 60,0 70,0 60,0 68,0 59,0 75,0 -Terpinene 8,3 9,5 6,5 8,0 8,0 12,0 8,0 12,0 6,0 12,0 -Terpineol 0,10 0,25 0,06 0,15 0,09 0,35 0,10 0,30 0,00 0,40 Neral 0,6 0,9 0,3 0,6 0,4 1,0 0,6 1,2 0,2 1,2 Geranial 1,0 2,0 0,5 0,9 0,6 2,0 0,8 2,0 0,5 2,0 -Bisabolene 0,45 0,9 0,40 0,7 0,45 0,9 0

40、,45 0,9 0,20 0,9 Neryl acetate 0,35 0,60 0,30 0,50 0,30 0,60 0,20 0,50 0,10 0,50 Geranyl acetate 0,20 0,50 0,10 0,30 0,20 0,65 0,30 0,65 traces 0,30 NOTE The chromatographic profile is normative, contrary to typical chromatograms given for information in Annex A. aThis is regarded as being completel

41、y D-limonene by independent chemical and physical analysis. BSISO855:2003IS:558 O3002(E) 6 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevrAnnex A (informative) Typical chromatograms of the analysis by gas chromatography of the essential oil of lemon Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. BSISO855:2003IS:558 O3002(E) I SO 3002 Al

42、l irhgts seredevr 7Peak identification 1 -Thujene 2 -Pinene 3 Sabinene 4 -Pinene 5 Myrcene 6 p-Cymene 7 Limonene 8 -Terpinene 9 -Terpineol 10 Neral 11 Geranial 12 Neryl acetate 13 Geranyl acetate 14 -Caryophyllene 15 -Bergamotene 16 -Bisabolene Operating conditions Column: fused silica capillary; le

43、ngth 30 m; internal diameter 0,25 mm Stationary phase: poly(dimethyl siloxane) (DB-1 ) Thickness of film: 0,25 m Oven temperature: temperature programming from 75 C to 100 C, at a rate of 5 C/min and from 100 C to 220 C at 6 C/min Injector temperature: 230 C Detector temperature: 260 C Detector: fla

44、me ionization type Carrier gas: helium Volume injected: 0,2 l Carrier gas flow rate: 1 ml/min Split ratio: 100/1 Figure A.1 Typical chromatogram taken on a non-polar column BSISO855:2003IS:558 O3002(E) 8 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevrPeak identification 1 -Pinene 2 -Pinene 3 Sabinene 4 Limonene 5 -Te

45、rpinene 6 Neral 7 -Terpineol 8 -Bisabolene 9 Neryl acetate 10 Geranial 11 Geranyl acetate Operating conditions Column: fused silica capillary; length 30 m; internal diameter 0,25 mm Stationary phase: poly(ethylene glycol) (Carbowax 20 M ) Thickness of film: 0,25 m Oven temperature: temperature progr

46、amming from 75 C to 100 C at a rate of 5 C/min and from 100 C to 220 C at 6 C/min Injector temperature: 230 C Detector temperature: 260 C Detector: flame ionization type Carrier gas: helium Volume injected: 0,2 l Carrier gas flow rate: 1 ml/min Split ratio: 100/1 Figure A.2 Typical chromatogram take

47、n on a polar column BSISO855:2003IS:558 O3002(E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 9Annex B (informative) Flashpoint B.1 General information For safety reasons, transport companies, insurance companies and people in charge of safety services require information on the flashpoints of essential oils, whic

48、h in most cases are flammable products. A comparative study on the relevant methods of analysis (see ISO/TR 11018) concluded that it was difficult to recommend a single apparatus for standardization purposes, given that: there is wide variation in the chemical compo- sition of essential oils; the vo

49、lume of the sample needed for certain requirements would be too costly for high- priced essential oils; as there are several different types of equip- ment which can be used for the determination, users cannot be expected to use one specified type only. Consequently, it was decided to give a mean value for the flashpoint in an inf