BS ISO 817-2014 Refrigerants Designation and safety classification《制冷 命名和安全分类》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 817:2014Refrigerants Designationand safety classificationBS ISO 817:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 817:2014. It supersedes BS ISO 817:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entru

2、sted to TechnicalCommittee RHE/18, Refrigeration safety.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The Br

3、itish Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 71018 6ICS 71.100.45Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 Ju

4、ne 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 817:2014 ISO 2014Refrigerants Designation and safety classificationFluides frigorignes Dsignation et classification de scuritINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO817Third edition2014-05-15Reference numberISO 817:2014(E)BS ISO 817:201

5、4ISO 817:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the in

6、ternet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www

7、.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols . 13.1 Terms and definitions . 13.2 Abbreviated terms . 63.3 Symbols . 74 Number

8、ing of refrigerants . 75 Designation prefixes 115.1 General prefixes 115.2 Composition-designating prefixes 116 Safety classifications .126.1 General 126.2 Matrix diagram of safety group classification system 147 Refrigerant classifications .148 Refrigerant concentration limit (RCL) 148.1 General 14

9、8.2 Data for calculations 178.3 Contaminants and impurities 188.4 Conversion of units Volumic mass and altitude adjustment .18Annex A (informative) Examples of isomer designation 25Annex B (normative) Details of testing for flammability and fractionation analysis .27Annex C (informative) Method of t

10、est for burning velocity measurement of flammable gases .31Annex D (normative) Calculation of RCL and ATEL for blends .54Annex E (informative) Data used to determine safety classification and RCL values and data for unclassified refrigerants .57Annex F (normative) Application instructions .65Bibliog

11、raphy .72BS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body

12、 interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotec

13、hnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO

14、documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible

15、 for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the conv

16、enience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword

17、 - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 86, Refrigeration and air-conditioning, Subcommittee SC 8, Refrigerants and refrigeration lubricants.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 817:2005), which has been technically revised.iv ISO

18、2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:2014(E)IntroductionThis third edition has been technically revised by the addition of new refrigerant designations and a safety classification system based on toxicity and flammability data.The safety classifications in this International Standard do no

19、t consider decomposition products or by-products of combustion. Product and system safety standards (e.g. ISO 5149, IEC 60335-2-24, IEC 60335-2-34, IEC 60335-2-40 and IEC 60335-2-89) address the prevention of ignition of refrigerant based on the characteristics provided in this International Standar

20、d. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 817:2014BS ISO 817:2014Refrigerants Designation and safety classification1 ScopeThis International Standard provides an unambiguous system for assigning designations to refrigerants. It also establishes a system for assigning a safety classification to refrige

21、rants based on toxicity and flammability data, and provides a means of determining the refrigerant concentration limit. Tables listing the refrigerant designations, safety classifications and the refrigerant concentration limits are included based on data made available.2 Normative referencesThe fol

22、lowing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable to its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ANSI/ASHRAE Stan

23、dard 34, Designation and Safety Classification of RefrigerantsASTM E681, Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapours and Gases)3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols3.1 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms an

24、d definitions apply.3.1.1acute toxicityadverse health effect(s) from a single, short-term exposure3.1.2acute-toxicity exposure limitATELmaximum recommended refrigerant concentration determined in accordance with the established systems and intended to reduce the risks of acute toxicity hazards to hu

25、mans in the event of a refrigerant releaseNote 1 to entry: The systems are specified in this International Standard.3.1.3anaesthetic effectimpairment of the ability to perceive pain and other sensory stimulation3.1.4approximate lethal concentrationALCconcentration of a refrigerant that is lethal to

26、even a single test animal but to less than 50 % of the animals in that group when tested by the same conditions as for an LC50test3.1.5azeotropeblend composed of two or more refrigerants whose equilibrium vapour and liquid phase compositions are the same at a specific pressure, but may be different

27、at other conditionsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 817:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:2014(E)3.1.6blendmixture composed of two or more refrigerants3.1.7burning velocitySuvelocity, relative to the unburnt gas, at which a laminar flame propagates in a direction normal to the f

28、lame front, at the concentration of refrigerant with air giving the maximum velocityNote 1 to entry: This value is expressed in centimetres per second.3.1.8central nervous system effectCNStreatment-related depression, distraction, stimulation, or other behavioural modification to a degree that could

29、 represent an impairment of the ability to escape from a hazard3.1.9chronic toxicityadverse health effect(s) from long-term repeated exposures3.1.10combustionexothermal reaction between an oxidant component (combustive) and a reducer (combustible fuel)3.1.11compoundsubstance composed of two or more

30、atoms chemically bonded in definite proportions3.1.12critical pointpoint with conditions above which distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist3.1.13cyclic compoundorganic compound whose structure is characterized by a closed ring of atoms3.1.14effective concentration 50 %EC50concentration of a ref

31、rigerant, which causes a biological effect to 50 % of exposed animals in a test for anaesthetic or other effectsNote 1 to entry: This value is typically a calculated value from experimental data.3.1.15elevated temperature flame limitETFLminimum concentration by volumic ratio (volume per cent) of the

32、 refrigerant, which is capable of propagating a flame through a homogeneous mixture of the refrigerant and air under the specified test conditions at 60,0C and 101,3 kPaNote 1 to entry: The test conditions are specified in 6.1.3.3.1.16equivalence ratiofraction of the combustible in the mixture divid

33、ed by the combustible fraction at the stoichiometric conditionsNote 1 to entry: It can be written as (combustible fraction)/(combustible fraction)st.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:2014(E)Note 2 to entry: It is used in the determination of burning velocity.Note 3 to entry: Lean

34、mixtures have an equivalence ratio lower than one and rich mixtures have an equivalence ratio greater than one.3.1.17flamecollection of gases of a rapid combustion, generally visible due to the emission of light3.1.18flame propagationcombustion, causing a continuous flame which moves upward and outw

35、ard from the point of ignition without help from the ignition sourceNote 1 to entry: Flame propagation as applied in the test method for determining LFL and flammability classification is specified in B.1.7. Flame propagation as applied in the test method for determining burning velocity is describe

36、d in Annex C.3.1.19flammableproperty of a mixture in which a flame is capable of self-propagating for a certain distance3.1.20fractionationchange in composition of a blend by preferential evaporation of the more volatile component(s) or condensation of the less volatile component(s)3.1.21heat of com

37、bustionHOCheat evolved from a specified reaction of a substance with oxygenNote 1 to entry: The heat of combustion is as determined in accordance with 6.1.3.7.Note 2 to entry: The heat of combustion for this International Standard is expressed as a positive value for exothermic reactions in energy p

38、er unit mass (kJ/kg).3.1.22isomerstwo or more compounds having the same chemical composition with differing molecular configurations3.1.23lethal concentration 50 %LC50concentration that is lethal to 50 % of the test animals3.1.24lower flammability limitLFLminimum concentration of the refrigerant tha

39、t is capable of propagating a flame through a homogeneous mixture of the refrigerant and air under the specified test conditions at 23,0 C and 101,3 kPaNote 1 to entry: The test conditions are specified in 6.1.3.Note 2 to entry: The LFL is expressed as refrigerant percentage by volume.3.1.25lowest o

40、bserved adverse effect levelLOAELlowest concentration of a refrigerant that causes any observed adverse effect in one or more test animals ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:2014(E)3.1.26no observed adverse effect levelNOAELhighest concentration of a refrigerant at which no adverse

41、 effect is observed in any of the exposed animal population3.1.27nominal compositionnominal formulationdesign composition as stated in the refrigerant blend application, excluding any tolerancesNote 1 to entry: Composition of the refrigerant blends shall be as listed in Tables 6 and 7, column 2.Note

42、 2 to entry: When a container with the nominal composition is 80 % or more liquid filled, the liquid composition may be considered the nominal composition.3.1.28occupational exposure limittime-weighted average concentration for a normal eight-hour work day and a 40-hour work week to which nearly all

43、 workers can be repeatedly exposed without adverse effectNote 1 to entry: It is based on national regulations, such as OSHA PEL, ACGIH TLV-TWA, TERA WEEL, or MAK.3.1.29olefinunsaturated chemical compound containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond3.1.30organic compound, saturatedcarbon-cont

44、aining compound that has only single bonds between carbon atoms3.1.31organic compound, unsaturatedcarbon-containing compound containing at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms3.1.32oxygen deprivation limitODLconcentration of a refrigerant or other gas that can result in insufficient

45、oxygen for normal breathing3.1.33propagation velocity of flamevelocity at which a flame propagates in a space3.1.34quenchingeffect of extinction of a flame as it approaches a surface due to heat conduction losses, absorption of active chemical species and viscous effects on the surface3.1.35refriger

46、antfluid used for heat transfer in a refrigerating system, which absorbs heat at a low temperature and a low pressure of the fluid and rejects it at a higher temperature and a higher pressure of the fluid usually involving changes of the phase of the fluid3.1.36refrigerant concentration limitRCLmaxi

47、mum refrigerant concentration, in air, determined and established to reduce the risks of acute toxicity, asphyxiation and flammability hazardsNote 1 to entry: It is determined in accordance with this International Standard.4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:2014(E)3.1.37relative mo

48、lar massmass numerically equal to the molecular mass expressed in grams per mole, except that it is dimensionless3.1.38stoichiometric concentration for combustionCstconcentration of a fuel in a fuelair mixture that contains exactly the necessary quantity of air (21 % O2/79 % N2by volume) needed for

49、the complete oxidation of all the compounds present3.1.39threshold limit value-time weighted averageTLV-TWAtime weighted average concentration for a normal eight-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek, to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effect3.1.40workplace environmental exposure limitWEELoccupational exposure limit set by the Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA)3.1.41worst-case formulationWCFcomposition that results from application of the tolerances to the nominal composition res