BS ISO 6266-2013 Alpine skis Determination of fatigue indexes Cyclic loading test《高山滑雪 疲劳指数测定 循环荷载试验》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 6266:2013Alpine skis Determinationof fatigue indexes Cyclicloading testBS ISO 6266:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of

2、ISO 6266:2013. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee SW/136/7, Snowsports equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a c

3、ontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 77191 0 ICS 97.220.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under t

4、he authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 6266:2013 ISO 2013Alpine skis Determination of fatigue indexes Cyclic loading testSkis alpins Dtermination des indices de fatigue Essai en flexion altern

5、eINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO6266Second edition2013-03-01Reference numberISO 6266:2013(E)BS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwi

6、se in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase

7、 postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14

8、 Principle 25 Apparatus . 25.1 Bending machine . 25.2 Measuring device for bottom camber height 45.3 Measuring device for centre spring constant . 46 Test specimens 46.1 Lengths 46.2 Number 57 Temperatures for conditioning and testing . 58 Procedure. 58.1 Measurement of original bottom camber height

9、, hB.58.2 Measurement of original centre spring constant, cM58.3 Determination . 58.4 Measurement of final bottom camber height, hB68.5 Measurement of final centre spring constant, cM.68.6 Assessment of damage . 69 Expression of results 69.1 Fatigue index for bottom camber height 69.2 Fatigue index

10、for centre spring constant 610 Test report . 7BS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO

11、 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates cl

12、osely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draf

13、t International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this docume

14、nt may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 6266 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 83, Sports and recreational equipment, Subcommittee SC 4, Snowsports equipment.This second edition cancels and replaces the firs

15、t edition (ISO 6266:1980), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E)IntroductionPrevious investigations showed that the fatigue of an alpine ski is not easy to describe. If one understands by fatigue the remaining negative change of some chara

16、cteristics of the ski, influencing the performance of the ski, as a result of normal use, several tests would be necessary to determine exactly the susceptibility of a ski to such changes. In addition, some factors may have substantial influence on the results such as ski length, spring constant, te

17、st temperature, kind of vibration, frequency etc. lt was therefore decided that a test method taking account of all these factors might be of some interest for ski research but that it should not be proposed for standardization.Instead of this, a simplified test of the fatigue behaviour of two impor

18、tant characteristics of the ski (i.e. of camber height and centre spring constant) was proposed for standardization. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vBS ISO 6266:2013BS ISO 6266:2013Alpine skis Determination of fatigue indexes Cyclic loading test1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for

19、 the determination of the fatigue indexes of alpine skis (i.e. the resistance of the skis to changes in shape and of stiffness) after a bending test with cyclic loading.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensab

20、le for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 5902, Alpine skis Determination of elastic propertiesISO 6289, Skis Vocabulary3 Terms and definitionsFor the purp

21、oses of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1camber heighthkdistance between the running surface on the ski and a planar surface, measured with the ski resting freely under its own mass3.2original weighted bottom camber heighthBweighted bottom camber height, according to ISO 6

22、289, determined prior to the test3.3final weighted bottom camber heighthBweighted bottom camber height, according to ISO 6289, determined after the test3.4spring constantcratio of the force F applied to the ski, to the corresponding deflection f:cFf= Note 1 to entry: Depending on the individual part

23、s of the ski on which the force F is applied, one can define: the centre spring constant, cM; the shovel spring constant, cS; the rear spring constant, cR;INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6266:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E) the afterbody spring constant, cA; the for

24、ebody spring constant, cB.3.5final centre spring constantcMcentre spring constant, according to ISO 5902, measured after the test3.6fatigue index for the bottom camber heightKhpercentage change of bottom camber height of the ski after cyclic loading and recovery3.7fatigue index for the centre spring

25、 constantKcpercentage change of centre spring constant of the ski after cyclic loading and recovery3.8stroke lengthsdeflection of the ski during cyclic loading measured from a straight line through the supports, midway between the two supports3.9frequencynumber of deflections of the ski per secondNo

26、te 1 to entry: The unit is the Hertz (Hz).3.10recovery timetime between the test and the measurement of hB, (see 3.3) and cM(see 3.5), which is necessary to eliminate temporary changes in camber height and centre spring constant4 PrincipleSubjection of the ski to cyclic loading and recovery. Determi

27、nation of the fatigue indexes by calculation of the percentage permanent change in:a) bottom camber height;b) centre spring constant.5 Apparatus5.1 Bending machineThe bending machine shall essentially be constructed as shown in Figure 1. The machine has two supports which are vertically and horizont

28、ally adjustable. The supports of the bending machine are arranged at a distance of LS= LN 280 mm where LNis the nominal length. Nominal length shall be determined in accordance with ISO 6289. The support rolls shall have a diameter of approximately 50 mm. The supports shall have a spring loaded clam

29、ping roll in order to prevent lifting of the ski.The driving mechanism consists of a disk fly wheel with adjustable crank pin, a connecting rod and a push rod with clamping fixture. The disk fly wheel shall have sufficient mass and driving power to effect a smooth sinusoidal flexing. The distance be

30、tween crank pin and rotation axis shall be adjustable in order to be able to adjust a constant test load FTby changing the stroke length s as indicated in 8.3.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E)Dimensions in millimetresKeyLSsupport lengthLNnominal lengthsstroke lengthFigur

31、e 1 Bending machineThe frequency of the stroke shall be between 2 Hz and 3 Hz. The clamping fixture shall have a pivoting joint and jaws with elastic rubber layers, as shown in Figure 2, in order to avoid stress concentration at the clamping point of the ski. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 626

32、6:2013ISO 6266:2013(E)Dimensions in millimetres12404 1Key1 rubber2 skiFigure 2 Clamping fixtureThe dimensions of the rubber layers shall be as follows:thickness: 4 mm 1 mmwidth: 40 mmhardness: (95 5) Shore AIn addition, a counter shall be fixed to the push rod in order to record the number of cycles

33、.5.2 Measuring device for bottom camber heightFor measuring the bottom camber height, a flat surface plate and a dial indicator with indicator holder are required.5.3 Measuring device for centre spring constantFor measuring the centre spring constant, a device as described in ISO 5902 is required.6

34、Test specimens6.1 LengthsTo ensure the comparability of the published test results, the following ski lengths shall be used for tests:1 800 mm or 2 000 mm1 600 mm1 300 mm4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E)6.2 NumberThe test shall be carried out on 10 skis of the same type.

35、7 Temperatures for conditioning and testingThe fatigue properties of the ski as described in this lnternational Standard can be affected by the test temperature to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the particular material configuration of the ski. Therefore, two different test temperatures ar

36、e specified: A, standard laboratory test: 23 C 2 C; B, cold chamber test: 5 C 2 C.All measurements shall be carried out on a ski conditioned to the test temperature for at least 2 h.8 Procedure8.1 Measurement of original bottom camber height, hBMeasure the original bottom camber height hBprior to th

37、e bending by cyclic loading. Press the ski against the flat surface plate (see 5.2). Place the dial indicator at the measurement point on the top surface of the ski and set to zero. Remove the flatting load, and read the bottom camber height from the dial indicator to an accuracy of 0,03 mm.8.2 Meas

38、urement of original centre spring constant, cMMeasure the original spring constant cMprior to the bending with cyclic loading, in accordance with ISO 5902, to an accuracy of 0,2 N/mm.8.3 DeterminationPlace the ski in the bending machine (see 5.1) and adjust the supports in such a way that the connec

39、ting line between the upper points of the lower support rolls and the surface of the clamping jaws, touching the running surface of the ski, is a straight line, when the push rod is in the upper dead centre.Adjust the stroke length s by shifting the crank pin to its proper position. The stroke lengt

40、h, expressed in millimetres, is calculated from the following formula:sFc=TMwhereFTis the test load, in newtons;cMis the original centre spring constant, in newtons per millimetre.The permissible tolerance for stroke length is 2,5 mm.The following loads shall be used:1 800 mm or 2 000 mm: 450 N1 600

41、 mm: 350 N ISO 2013 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E)1 300 mm: 250 NSubject the ski to 20 000 loading cycles at a frequency of 2 Hz to 3 Hz.Remove the ski from the machine and place against a wall in a vertical and stress-free (relaxed) position. The recovery time for the elimina

42、tion of temporary deformation is 24 h.8.4 Measurement of final bottom camber height, hBMeasure the bottom camber height hBafter the recovery time as specified in 8.1.8.5 Measurement of final centre spring constant, cMMeasure the centre spring constant cMafter the recovery time as specified in 8.2.8.

43、6 Assessment of damageVisually inspect the ski for damage caused by the test (for example, cracks or stress marks in the surface of the material, cracks at steel edges, delaminations).9 Expression of results9.1 Fatigue index for bottom camber heightThe fatigue index Khfor the bottom camber height of

44、 the ski, expressed as a percentage, is given by the formulaKhhhhBBB=100 wherehBis the original camber height, measured in accordance with 8.1;hBis the final camber height, measured in accordance with 8.4.Express the result as the mean of the 10 determinations.9.2 Fatigue index for centre spring con

45、stantThe fatigue index Kcfor the centre spring constant of the ski, expressed as a percentage, is given by the formulaKcccc=MMM100 wherecMis the original centre spring constant, measured in accordance with 8.2;cMis the final centre spring constant, measured in accordance with 8.5.Express the result

46、as the mean of the 10 determinations.6 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E)10 Test reportThe test report shall include the following particulars:a) reference to this International Standard, i.e. ISO 6266;b) complete identification of the ski (brand, model designation, nominal

47、 length and manufacturers registration number);c) test temperature (A or B);d) fatigue index far the bottom camber height;e) fatigue index for the centre spring constant;f) damage to the ski caused by the test with exact description;g) any deviation from this International Standard with an explanati

48、on of the reason for the deviation. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reservedICS 97.220.20Price based on 7 pagesThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-rela

49、ted publications, information and services. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter. British Standards and other standardisation products are published by BSI Standards Limited.British Standards Institution (BSI)raising standards worldwideBSI389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL UKTel +44 (0)20 8996 9001Fax +44 (0)20 8996 Standards and PASs are period