BS ISO 5667-11-2009 Water quality - Sampling - Guidance on sampling of groundwaters《水质 取样 地下水取样导则》.pdf

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1、BS ISO 5667-11:2009g3g5g6g7g3g8g9g10g11g12g11g10g8g11g13g3g8g9g10g11g12g11g10g14g15g16g17g3g6g17g18g19g5g16g20g3g21g5g22g23g17g24g22g3g25g7g5g3g18g26g27g28g5g7g7g5g17g16g3g26g29g6g26g18g22g3g30g7g3g18g26g27g28g5g22g22g26g31g3g25g19g3g6g17g18g19g27g5g20g23g22g3g32g30g21g5g6g7g8g7g9g10g3g9g8g11g12g13g

2、11g6g13g14g15g16g17g18g3g19g20g15g21g22g16g23g3g24g3g9g15g25g26g21g22g27g28g29g15g18g16g3g30g30g31g3g32g20g22g33g15g27g34g17g3g35g27g3g36g15g25g26g21g22g27g28g3g35g37g3g28g18g35g20g27g33g38g15g16g17g18g36BS 6068-6.11:2009g5g6g7g8g3g9g10g7g11g7g8g6g3g12g11g13g14g15g13g10g15g3g40g13g8g3g20g35g53g21g7g

3、8g6g16g15g3g35g14g15g16g10g3g11g6g16g3g13g35g11g6g22g10g7g11g49g3g22g23g3g11g6g16g3g12g11g13g14g15g13g10g15g8g3g55g22g21g7g41g49g3g13g14g15g3g12g11g10g13g11g16g45g49g3g38g22g19g19g7g11g11g16g16g3g22g14g3g39g29g3g56g13g49g3g31g32g32g33g58g3g9g12g24g3g31g32g32g33g7g6g5g17g3g16g11g42g3g15g3g9g42g15g3g9

4、g11g14g43g14g3g9g40g30g26g22g28g30g26g22g19g34g41g32g21g25g25g20g37g26g22g28g18g3g20g34g34g35g26g28g3g34g20g22g32g26g3g31g35g38g23g20g32g18g19g20g21g22g57g13g11g16g3 g38g22g19g19g16g14g11g8g5g6g3g7g6g8g3g9g10g10g11g4g12g12g13g14g15g15g16g17g18g19g20g21g22g18g23g3g24g21g25g26g27g21g25g28This British

5、Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 5667-11:2009. It supersedes BS 6068-6.11:1993 and BS ISO 5667-18:2001 which withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/3/6, Sampling (of technical committee EH/3 - Water quality).A list of organizations represent

6、ed on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.g29g21g30g31g23g20g18g22g32g26g3g27g20g19g33g3g18g3g5g25g20g19g20g34g33g3g6g19g18g22g28g18g25g28

7、g3g32g18g22g22g21g19g3g32g21g22g24g26g25g3g20g30g30g35g22g20g19g36g3g24g25g21g30g3g23g26g37g18g23g3g21g38g23g20g37g18g19g20g21g22g34g39areBS ISO 5667-11:2009Reference numberISO 5667-11:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO5667-11Second edition2009-04-15Water quality Sampling Part 11: Guidance on

8、 sampling of groundwaters Qualit de leau chantillonnage Partie 11: Lignes directrices pour lchantillonnage des eaux souterraines BS ISO 5667-11:2009ISO 5667-11:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or

9、 viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liabilit

10、y in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suita

11、ble for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or ut

12、ilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 g120 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01

13、11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 5667-11:2009ISO 5667-11:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions.

14、1 4 Sampling strategy and programme design 4 4.1 General. 4 4.2 Selection of sampling point location 4 4.3 Groundwater parameter selection 7 4.4 Sampling frequency 7 5 Types of monitoring installation and sampling method. 8 5.1 General. 8 5.2 Unsaturated zone monitoring 8 5.3 Saturated zone 11 6 Sam

15、pling procedures . 15 6.1 Purging 15 6.2 Trial pits . 19 6.3 Sampling of free-phase contaminants (DNAPLs and LNAPLs) . 19 6.4 Materials for sampling equipment 19 6.5 Prevention of contamination . 20 7 Safety precautions 21 8 Sample identification and records 22 9 Quality assurance/quality control. 2

16、3 Annex A (informative) Calculation of sampling frequency using nomogram 24 Annex B (informative) Example of a report Sampling from groundwaters 25 Bibliography . 26 BS ISO 5667-11:2009ISO 5667-11:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization

17、) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be repr

18、esented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards ar

19、e drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Internation

20、al Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 5667-11 was p

21、repared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Sampling (general methods). This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5667-11:1993) and ISO 5667-18:2001, which have been technically revised. ISO 5667 consists of the following parts, under the genera

22、l title Water quality Sampling: g127 Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques g127 Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of water samples g127 Part 4: Guidance on sampling from lakes, natural and man-made g127 Part 5: Guidance on sampling of drinking

23、water from treatment works and piped distribution systems g127 Part 6: Guidance on sampling of rivers and streams g127 Part 7: Guidance on sampling of water and steam in boiler plants g127 Part 8: Guidance on the sampling of wet deposition g127 Part 9: Guidance on sampling from marine waters g127 Pa

24、rt 10: Guidance on sampling of waste waters g127 Part 11: Guidance on sampling of groundwaters g127 Part 12: Guidance on sampling of bottom sediments g127 Part 13: Guidance on sampling of sludges from sewage and water treatment works g127 Part 14: Guidance on quality assurance of environmental water

25、 sampling and handling g127 Part 15: Guidance on preservation and handling of sludge and sediment samples BS ISO 5667-11:2009ISO 5667-11:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vg127 Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples g127 Part 17: Guidance on sampling of suspended sediments g127 Part 19: Guida

26、nce on sampling of marine sediments g127 Part 20: Guidance on the use of sampling data for decision making Compliance with thresholds and classification systems g127 Part 21: Guidance on sampling of drinking water distributed by tankers or means other than distribution pipes g127 Part 22: Guidance o

27、n design and installation of groundwater sample points g127 Part 23: Determination of significant pollutants in surface waters using passive sampling This part of ISO 5667 should be read in conjunction with other parts, in particular ISO 5667-1 and ISO 5667-3. BS ISO 5667-11:2009ISO 5667-11:2009(E)

28、vi ISO 2009 All rights reservedIntroduction This part of ISO 5667 is a revision of both ISO 5667-11:1993, Guidance on sampling of groundwaters and ISO 5667-18:2001, Guidance on sampling of groundwater at contaminated sites. The guidance in this part of ISO 5667 can be used in parallel with other gui

29、dance on water quality sampling and/or investigation of contaminated or potentially contaminated sites, as any groundwater sampling from such sites is likely to form part of a much wider investigation programme. Development of a groundwater sampling programme depends on the purposes of the investiga

30、tion. A definition of the purpose of groundwater sampling is an essential prerequisite for identifying the principles to be applied to a particular sampling problem. The principles set out in this part of ISO 5667 can be used to satisfy the following more detailed objectives: a) to determine the sui

31、tability of groundwater as a source of drinking water or industrial/agricultural water; b) to identify, at an early stage, contamination of aquifers caused by potentially hazardous surface or sub-surface activities (e.g. the operation of waste disposal sites, land contamination, industrial developme

32、nts, mineral exploitation, agricultural practices, changes in land use) and its potential to impact on surface waters and other potential receptors in the vicinity of the site; c) to establish whether migration of contaminants is occurring in order to assess the impact on groundwater quality and to

33、calibrate and validate suitable groundwater quality models; d) to develop an understanding of groundwater quality and flow variations, including those caused by deliberate actions (e.g. variations in groundwater pumping regimes, groundwater recharge caused by effluent, surface clean-up activities ar

34、ising from contaminated sites), in order to achieve optimal resource management, provide data for undertaking risk assessment and to enable enforcement of pollution-control law; e) to assist in the selection of remedial measures and remediation process design, and monitor the performance and effecti

35、veness of these measures or facility design; f) to demonstrate compliance with licence conditions, or collect evidence for regulatory purposes; g) to identify and characterise discrete aquifer water bodies. Examples of situations where this guidance can be used include: g127 general surveys of groun

36、dwater quality for chemical and microbiological assessment; g127 investigation of present or former industrial sites with a history of potentially contaminatory activities; g127 groundwater investigation and monitoring of waste disposal (landfill) sites; g127 investigation of sites where natural and

37、/or artificial processes have led to potential land and groundwater contamination; g127 investigation of sites where products have been spilled or released as a result of accidents or other unforeseen events, e.g. transportation accidents. The guidance contained in this part of ISO 5667 covers selec

38、tion of sampling points, selection of sampling installations and devices, groundwater parameter selection and sampling frequency. BS ISO 5667-11:2009ISO 5667-11:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved viiPrescriptive guidance on methods and applications is not possible. Therefore, this guidance provide

39、s information on the most commonly applied, and available, techniques and lists their advantages, disadvantages and limitations of use where these are known. When considering design of sampling strategies, the properties of the groundwater (aquifer) system, monitoring point design, contaminant sourc

40、e(s), pathways for migration and the receptors need to be considered. BS ISO 5667-11:2009BS ISO 5667-11:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5667-11:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Water quality Sampling Part 11: Guidance on sampling of groundwaters 1 Scope This part of ISO 5667 provides guidance on

41、 the sampling of groundwaters. It informs the user of the necessary considerations when planning and undertaking groundwater sampling to survey the quality of groundwater supply, to detect and assess groundwater contamination and to assist in groundwater resource management, protection and remediati

42、on. This part of ISO 5667 does not apply to sampling related to the day-to-day operational control of groundwater abstractions for potable purposes. The guidance includes sampling of groundwater from both the saturated (below water table) zone and the unsaturated (above the water table) zone. 2 Norm

43、ative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 772, Hydrometry Vocabulary a

44、nd symbols ISO 5667-1:2006, Water quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques ISO 5667-3, Water quality Sampling Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of water samples ISO 5667-14, Water quality Sampling Part 14: Guidance on quality assu

45、rance of environmental water sampling and handling ISO 6107-2, Water quality Vocabulary Part 2 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6107-2, ISO 772 and the following apply. 3.1 piezometer device consisting of a tube or pipe with a porous e

46、lement or perforated section (surrounded by a filter) on the lower part (piezometer tip), which is installed and sealed into the ground at an appropriate level within the saturated zone for the purposes of water level measurement, hydraulic pressure measurement and/or groundwater sampling NOTE Adapt

47、ed from ISO 6107-2:2006. BS ISO 5667-11:2009ISO 5667-11:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.2 nested piezometers bundled piezometer installation group of piezometers installed to different depths within a single larger diameter borehole NOTE 1 In general, each piezometer should be designed to al

48、low sampling over a specific depth interval within the aquifer. Piezometer tips are isolated from each other by installing a permanent impermeable seal between them. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 6107-2:2006. 3.3 multiple boreholes group of individual boreholes or piezometers installed to different depths

49、 separately, but in close proximity, to form a monitoring network adequate for the purposes of an investigation NOTE Adapted from ISO 6107-2:2006. 3.4 multi-level sampler single installation for sampling groundwater from discrete depths or depth intervals within the sub-surface NOTE 1 The device can be installed directly into the ground or into a pre-existing, or purpose-drilled, borehole. When installed into a borehole, integral packers (or similar sealing devices) are used to isolate the individual horizons withi