BS ISO 5660-1-2015 Reaction-to-fire tests Heat release smoke production and mass loss rate Heat release rate (cone calorimeter method) and smoke production rate (dynamic measuremen.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 5660-1:2015Reaction-to-fire tests Heatrelease, smoke production andmass loss ratePart 1: Heat release rate (cone calorimetermethod) and smoke production rate(dynamic measurement)BS ISO 5660-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implem

2、entation of ISO 5660-1:2015. It supersedes BS 476-15:1993, ISO 5660-1:1993 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee FSH/21/-/5, Reaction to fire tests - Heat release and smoke measurement.A list of organizations represented on this committee can

3、 be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 77251 1ICS 13.220.50Compli

4、ance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 5660-1:2015 ISO 2015Reac

5、tion-to-fire tests Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate Part 1: Heat release rate (cone calorimeter method) and smoke production rate (dynamic measurement)Essais de raction au feu Dbit calorifique, taux de dgagement de fume et taux de perte de masse Partie 1: Dbit calorifique (mthode au

6、 calorimtre cne) et taux de dgagement de fume (mesurage dynamique)INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO5660-1Third edition2015-03-15Reference numberISO 5660-1:2015(E)BS ISO 5660-1:2015ISO 5660-1:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015All rights reserved. Unless otherwise spec

7、ified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or I

8、SOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 5660-1:2015ISO 5660-1:2015(E)Foreword v1 Scope .12 Normative references 13 Terms and de

9、finitions .14 Symbols 35 Principle 46 Apparatus .56.1 General . 56.2 Cone-shaped radiant electrical heater . 56.3 Radiation shield . 56.4 Irradiance control . 56.5 Weighing device . 56.6 Specimen holder 66.7 Retainer frame . 66.8 Exhaust gas system with flow measuring instrumentation . 66.9 Gas samp

10、ling apparatus 66.10 Ignition circuit . 76.11 Ignition timer . 76.12 Oxygen analyser . 76.13 Heat flux meters . 76.14 Calibration burner . 76.15 Data collection and analysis system . 86.16 Optional side screens 86.17 Smoke obscuration measuring system. 86.18 Smoke system thermocouple . 86.19 Optical

11、 filters 87 Suitability of a product for testing .97.1 Surface characteristics . 97.2 Asymmetrical products . 97.3 Materials of short burning time . 97.4 Composite specimens 97.5 Dimensionally unstable materials 97.6 Materials that require testing under compression .108 Specimen construction and pre

12、paration108.1 Specimens 108.2 Conditioning of specimens 108.3 Preparation . 118.3.1 Specimen wrapping 118.3.2 Specimen preparation 118.3.3 Preparing specimens of materials that require testing under compression 119 Test environment 1110 Calibration .1210.1 Preliminary calibrations 1210.1.1 General.

13、1210.1.2 Irradiance control system response characteristics 1210.1.3 Weighing device response time . 1210.1.4 Weighing device output drift 1210.1.5 Oxygen analyser delay and response times .1210.1.6 Oxygen analyser output noise and drift 1310.1.7 Effect of side screens .1310.2 Operating calibrations

14、 . 14 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 5660-1:2015ISO 5660-1:2015(E)10.2.1 General. 1410.2.2 Weighing device accuracy . 1410.2.3 Oxygen analyser.1410.2.4 Heat release rate calibration 1410.2.5 Heater calibration 1510.3 Smoke meter calibration . 1510.3.1 Calibration with neutral de

15、nsity filters .1510.3.2 Calibration before test1510.4 Less frequent calibrations 1510.4.1 Operating heat flux meter calibration 1510.4.2 Linearity of heat release rate measurements 1510.4.3 Accuracy of calibration burner flow meter 1511 Test procedure .1611.1 General precautions . 1611.2 Initial pre

16、paration . 1611.3 Procedure . 1612 Calculations.1712.1 General 1712.2 Calibration constant for oxygen consumption analysis 1812.3 Heat release rate . 1812.4 Exhaust duct flow rate . 1812.5 Mass loss rate 1912.6 Smoke obscuration . 1913 Test report 20Annex A (informative) Commentary and guidance note

17、s for operators 31Annex B (informative) Supplementary calculations Normalization to the mass loss rate of the specific extinction area of specimen 36Annex C (informative) Resolution, precision and bias 38Annex D (informative) Mass loss rate and effective heat of combustion .44Annex E (informative) T

18、esting in the vertical orientation 45Annex F (informative) Calibration of the working heat flux meter .48Annex G (informative) Calculation of heat release with additional gas analysis 49Annex H (informative) Calculation of Effective Critical Heat Flux for Ignition 53Bibliography .54iv ISO 2015 All r

19、ights reservedBS ISO 5660-1:2015ISO 5660-1:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each

20、member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International

21、 Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different ty

22、pes of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be

23、 held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is informa

24、tion given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the

25、following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire initiation and growth.This third edition of ISO 5660-1 cancels and replaces ISO 5660-1:2002 (second edition) and ISO 5660-2:2002 (first edition), which ha

26、ve been technically revised and merged.ISO 5660 consists of the following parts, under the general title Reaction-to-fire tests Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate: Part 1: Heat release rate (cone calorimeter method) and smoke production rate (dynamic measurement) Part 3: Guidance on m

27、easurement Technical SpecificationThe following part is under preparation: Part 4: Measurement of heat release for determination of low levels of combustibility. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 5660-1:2015BS ISO 5660-1:2015Reaction-to-fire tests Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate

28、 Part 1: Heat release rate (cone calorimeter method) and smoke production rate (dynamic measurement)1 ScopeThis part of ISO 5660 specifies a method for assessing the heat release rate and dynamic smoke production rate of specimens exposed in the horizontal orientation to controlled levels of irradia

29、nce with an external igniter. The heat release rate is determined by measurement of the oxygen consumption derived from the oxygen concentration and the flow rate in the combustion product stream. The time to ignition (sustained flaming) is also measured in this test.The dynamic smoke production rat

30、e is calculated from measurement of the attenuation of a laser light beam by the combustion product stream. Smoke obscuration is recorded for the entire test, regardless of whether the specimen is flaming or not.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the appli

31、cation of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing SpecificationsISO 13943, Fire safety VocabularyISO 146

32、97, Fire tests Guidance on the choice of substrates for building products3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this international standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following apply.3.1essentially flat surfacesurface whose irregularity from a plane does not exceed 1 m

33、m3.2flashingexistence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of less than 1 s3.3ignitiononset of sustained flaming as defined in 3.10INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5660-1:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 5660-1:2015ISO 5660-1:2015(E)3.4irradiance(at a point of a surface)

34、 quotient of the radiant flux incident on an infinitesimal element of surface containing the point, and the area of that elementNote 1 to entry: Convective heating is negligible in the horizontal specimen orientation. For this reason, the term “irradiance” is used instead of “heat flux” throughout t

35、his part of ISO 5660 as it best indicates the essentially radiative mode of heat transfer.3.5materialsingle substance or uniformly dispersed mixtureEXAMPLE Metal, stone, timber, concrete, mineral fibre and polymers3.6orientationplane in which the exposed face of the specimen is located during testin

36、g, with either the vertical or horizontally face upwards3.7oxygen consumption principleproportional relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed during combustion and the heat released3.8productmaterial, composite or assembly about which information is required3.9specimenrepresentative piece of

37、the product which is to be tested together with any substrate or treatmentNote 1 to entry: For certain types of product, for example products that contain an air gap or joints, it may not be possible to prepare specimens that are representative of the end-use conditions (see Clause 7).3.10sustained

38、flamingexistence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of over 10 s3.11transitory flamingexistence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of between 1 and 10 s3.12smoke obscurationreduction, usually expressed as a percentage, in the intensity of light due t

39、o its passage through smoke3.13extinction coefficientnatural logarithm of the ratio of incident light intensity to transmitted light intensity, per unit light path length3.14smoke productionintegral of the smoke production rate over the time interval being considered3.15smoke production rateproduct

40、of the volumetric flow rate of smoke and the extinction coefficient of the smoke at the point of measurement2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 5660-1:2015ISO 5660-1:2015(E)4 SymbolsSee Table 1.Table 1 Symbols and their designations and unitsSymbol Designations UnitA exposed surface area of specime

41、n m2Asinitially exposed surface area of the specimen m2C orifice flow meter calibration constant m1/2g1/2K1/2D optical density 1F optical density calibration factor m1hcnet heat of combustion K J g1h c,effeffective net heat of combustion M J kg1Io/I ratio of incident light to transmitted light 1k li

42、near Napierian absorption coefficient (commonly called extinction coefficient) m1k1measured calibration extinction coefficient m1k2calculated calibration extinction coefficient m1kmmeasured extinction coefficient m1L light path length through smoke mm mass of the specimen gm total mass loss gmfmass

43、of the specimen at the end of the test gmsmass of the specimen at sustained flaming gmA,1090average mass loss rate per unit area between 10 % and 90 % of mass loss g m2s1m10mass of the specimen at 10 % of total mass loss gm90mass of the specimen at 90 % of total mass loss gmmass loss rate of the spe

44、cimen g s1memass flow rate in exhaust duct kg s1M molecular weight of the gases flowing through the exhaust duct kg mol1p orifice meter pressure differential PaPssmoke production rate m2s1Ps,Asmoke production rate normalized to the specimen area s1qheat release rate kWqAheat release rate per unit ar

45、ea kW m2qA,maxmaximum value of the heat release rate per unit area kW m2qA,180average heat release rate per unit area over the period starting at tigand ending 180 s laterkW m2qA,300average heat release rate per unit area over the period starting at tigand ending 300 s laterkW m2QA,tottotal heat rel

46、eased per unit area during the entire test MJ m2rostoichiometric oxygen/fuel mass ratio 1 ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 5660-1:2015ISO 5660-1:2015(E)Symbol Designations UnitS total smoke production m2SAtotal smoke production per unit area m2m2SA,1total smoke production per unit area before ig

47、nition m2m2SA,2total smoke production per unit area after ignition m2m2t time stddelay time of the oxygen analyser stigtime to ignition (onset of sustained flaming) st sampling time interval st10time at 10 % of total mass loss st90time at 90 % of total mass loss sTeabsolute temperature of gas at the

48、 orifice meter KTstemperature of the smoke at the point of measurement KVsvolume flow rate of smoke at the point of measurement m3s1XO2oxygen analyser reading, mole fraction of oxygen 1X0O2initial value of oxygen analyser reading 1X1O2oxygen analyser reading, before delay time correction 1 density k

49、g m3 specific extinction area m2kg1NOTE Detailed discussion of some of these parameters and their units is given in reference11.5 PrincipleThe test method is based on the observation that, generally, the net heat of combustion is proportional to the amount of oxygen required for combustion. The relationship is that approximately 13,1 103kJ of heat are released per kilogram of oxygen consumed. Specimens in the test are burned under ambient air conditions, while being subjecte