BS ISO 4986-2010 Steel castings - Magnetic particle inspection《钢铸件 磁粉探伤》.pdf

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1、BS ISO 4986:2010ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.80NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDSteel castings Magnetic particleinspectionThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 30 April2010. BSI 2010ISBN 978

2、 0 580 56317 1Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 4986:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 4986:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/111, Steel Castings and Forgings.A list of organiz

3、ations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS

4、 ISO 4986:2010Reference numberISO 4986:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO4986Second edition2010-03-15Steel castings Magnetic particle inspection Pices moules en acier Contrle par magntoscopie BS ISO 4986:2010ISO 4986:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In acco

5、rdance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes l

6、icensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for prin

7、ting. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwis

8、e specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright of

9、fice Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO 4986:2010ISO 4986:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Nor

10、mative references1 3 Ordering information.1 4 Method of inspection 2 4.1 Operating mode .2 4.2 Qualification of the operators 2 4.3 Surface preparation.2 4.4 Conditions of inspection 3 5 Acceptance criteria .3 5.1 Definition of magnetic-inspection indications .3 5.1.1 General .3 5.1.2 Non-linear ind

11、ications (SM)3 5.1.3 Linear indications (LM) .3 5.2 Severity levels3 5.2.1 General .3 5.2.2 Non-linear indications.3 5.2.3 Linear and aligned indications.4 5.2.4 Selection of the severity level 4 5.2.5 Designation of severity levels4 6 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results

12、.5 6.1 Classification of the indications using Tables 1 and 25 6.1.1 General .5 6.1.2 Non-linear indications.5 6.1.3 Linear and aligned indications.5 6.2 Interpretation of results 5 7 Cleaning after examination and demagnetization .5 8 Inspection documents 5 Annex A (informative) Recommended surface

13、 finish for magnetic particle inspection8 Annex B (informative) Reference figures Non-linear indications (SM).9 Annex C (informative) Reference figures Linear (LM) and aligned (AM) indications14 Annex D (informative) Model of a magnetic particle inspection document29 Bibliography31 BS ISO 4986:2010I

14、SO 4986:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each me

15、mber body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International E

16、lectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards ad

17、opted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pa

18、tent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4986 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 11, Steel castings. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4986:1992), which has been technically revi

19、sed. BS ISO 4986:2010ISO 4986:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International Standard complements the general principles of magnetic particle inspection described in ISO 9934-1 for the additional requirements of the foundry industry. Magnetic particle inspection, as well as an

20、y other non-destructive examination, is part of a general or specific assessment of the quality of the casting to be agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer at the time of acceptance of the order. BS ISO 4986:2010BS ISO 4986:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4986:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights r

21、eserved 1Steel castings Magnetic particle inspection 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the magnetic particle inspection of ferro-magnetic steel castings. It also gives acceptance criteria through severity levels defined by the nature, the area and the dimensions of the disco

22、ntinuities present. This International Standard applies to all ferro-magnetic castings, independent of the moulding method. A steel casting is considered to be ferro-magnetic if the magnetic induction is greater than 1 T (Tesla) for a magnetic field strength of 2,4 kA/m. This International Standard

23、only applies to those areas of the castings specified for inspection, as well as the percentage of castings to be inspected. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For und

24、ated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing Viewing conditions ISO 4990, Steel castings General technical delivery requirements ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Q

25、ualification and certification of personnel ISO 9934-1, Non-destructive testing Magnetic particle testing Part 1: General principles 3 Ordering information Subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, enquiries and purchase orders for castings requiring magnetic particle inspecti

26、on should include the following information. The areas of the castings and the percentage of the castings to be inspected shall be indicated in the enquiry. The manufacturing stage(s), when magnetic particle inspection(s) is (are) to be performed, shall be defined by agreement between the manufactur

27、er and the purchaser. The sensitivity can differ depending on the method of magnetic particle inspection selected. Hence the required severity levels and the method shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. BS ISO 4986:2010ISO 4986:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reservedThe order sh

28、all be subject to an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser and shall specify at least the following points: the qualification or certification of the operators who will carry out the inspection (see 4.2); the required surface finish of the areas to be inspected (see 4.3); It is recomm

29、ended that the assessment of surface finish be carried out using a visual cast surface roughness comparator rather than an instrumental method (see Annex A). if inspection is to be performed in only one direction (see 4.1); the method to be used (type of detection media); whether or not the casting

30、is to be demagnetized after inspection has been performed (viz. maximum residual field strength values). For each area of the casting to be inspected (see Clauses 5 and 6): the type of discontinuity; the severity level. NOTE The type of discontinuity and the severity level can vary depending on the

31、area of the casting inspected. For the classification, reference shall be made to the severity levels defined in Tables 1 and 2 (see 6.1). The indications resulting from an inspection can be compared to the reference figures. The reference figures are included for convenience only. In the event of a

32、 dispute, reference shall be made to the tables. 4 Method of inspection 4.1 Operating mode The operating mode shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. Unless otherwise specified (see Clause 3), it is necessary to carry out an inspection by magnetizing sequentially in two directions pe

33、rpendicular to each other (see ISO 9934-1). When the direction of stress is known, the inspection may be performed in one direction only, in order to take into account the most detrimental discontinuity. NOTE The magnetic images need not necessarily correspond to discontinuities as pseudo-defects ca

34、n appear. 4.2 Qualification of the operators Inspection shall be performed by personnel qualified in accordance with ISO 9712 or by a certification scheme which is considered to be equivalent. The qualification level of the personnel shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser by the

35、time of acceptance of the order. 4.3 Surface preparation The surface to be inspected shall be clean and free from oil, grease, sand, scale, moulding and coating residues, or any other contaminant which can interfere with the correct implementation and interpretation of the magnetic-inspection test r

36、esults. For small indications, it may be necessary to improve the surface; some guidance for the surface is given in Annex A. BS ISO 4986:2010ISO 4986:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 3The surface may be either shot blasted with round or angular shot, or sand blasted, or ground or machined so th

37、at the smallest relevant indication required can be evaluated. The surface to be inspected may be painted to provide a contrast before inspection (see ISO 9934-1). 4.4 Conditions of inspection The inspection shall be carried out with the naked eye or at a maximum magnification of 3 and under viewing

38、 conditions in accordance with ISO 3059. 5 Acceptance criteria 5.1 Definition of magnetic-inspection indications 5.1.1 General The discontinuity indications revealed by the magnetic particle inspection can have different shapes and sizes. The distinction between the discontinuity indications is made

39、 depending on the ratio of the length L of the indication to its width W, in the manner described in 5.1.2 and 5.1.3. 5.1.2 Non-linear indications (SM) The indications are considered to be non-linear when the length L is smaller than three times the width W. Indications are considered to be aligned

40、when the distance between non-linear indications is less than 2 mm and at least three indications are aligned. An alignment of indications is considered to be a unique indication and its length is equal to the overall length L of the alignment. The symbol for non-linear indications is SM (S for surf

41、ace and M for magnetic particle). 5.1.3 Linear indications (LM) The indications are considered to be linear when the length L is greater than or equal to three times the width W. The symbol for linear indications is LM (L for linear and M for magnetic particle). Indications are considered to be alig

42、ned when the distance bewteen two linear indications is smaller than the length L of the longest indication. An alignment of indications is considered to be a unique indication and its length is equal to the overall length L of the alignment. 5.2 Severity levels 5.2.1 General The severity levels are

43、 designed as a reference scale and are defined depending on the types of indications. 5.2.2 Non-linear indications For the non-linear indications, the severity levels (see Table 1) are defined by the length (largest dimension) L1of the smallest indication to be taken into account, and the maximum le

44、ngth L2of the indications. BS ISO 4986:2010ISO 4986:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reserved5.2.3 Linear and aligned indications 5.2.3.1 General For the linear and aligned indications, the severity levels (see Table 2) are defined by the length (largest dimension) L1of the smallest indication to be ta

45、ken into account, the maximum length L2of the linear and aligned indications, and the sum of the lengths of the linear and aligned indications exceeding the length L1in the frame measuring 105 mm 148 mm. 5.2.3.2 Section thickness type Three section thickness types are specified (see Table 2): a: t u

46、 16 mm; b: 16 mm 50 mm; where t is the section thickness. 5.2.4 Selection of the severity level The severity levels shall be selected from Tables 1 and/or 2 in conjunction with, if necessary, the reference figures given in Annexes B and C. The reference figures are drawn to a scale of 1:1 and are gi

47、ven as examples. The largest non-relevant indication is shown in a 26 mm 37 mm frame corresponding to the ISO format A10. Table 1 and Annex B correspond to non-linear (SM) indications (isolated). Table 2 and Annex C correspond to linear (LM) indications and aligned (AM) indications1). The severity l

48、evels cannot be considered in the same progression from Table 1 to Table 2. They should not be considered equivalent as regards inspection severity. The severity criteria and the severity levels can differ from one part of a casting to another. The choice of the reference figure depends on the secti

49、on thickness type. 5.2.5 Designation of severity levels The requirements in the order or in the specifications shall conform to the terminology used in this International Standard. Examples of correct terminology are given below: non-linear indications, level 2: SM 2 (see 5.1.2); linear and aligned indications, level 5: LM 5 (see 5.1.3). 1) It should be noted that several equivalent severity levels defined in Table 2 are represented by the same reference figure. In certain cases, the equ