BS ISO 3046-5-2002 Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Performance - Torsional vibrations《往复式内燃机 性能 扭转振动》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 3046-5:2001 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Performance Part 5: Torsional vibrations ICS 17.160; 27.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS ISO 3046-5:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the En

2、gineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 02 February 2001 BSI 02 February 2001 ISBN 0 580 38903 0 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 3046-5:2001 and implements it as the UK nationa

3、l standard. It supersedes BS 5514-5:1979 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/14, Reciprocating Internal Combustion engines, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on reque

4、st to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of th

5、e BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid

6、 enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages Thi

7、s document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, page ii and iii, a blank page, pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd.

8、No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 3046-5:2001(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3046-5 Second edition 2001-12-01 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Performance Part 5: Torsional vibrations Moteurs alternatifs combustion interne Performances Partie 5: Vibrations de torsion ISO 3046-5:2001(E) i

9、i ISO 3046-5:2001(E) iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in

10、 a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commiss

11、ion (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical

12、committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 3046 may be the subject of patent rights. IS

13、O shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3046-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 70, Internal combustion engines. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3046-5:1978), which has been technically revised. ISO 3046 consists of

14、 the following parts, under the general title Reciprocating internal combustion engines Performance: Part 1: Declarations of power, fuel and lubricating oil consumptions and test methods Additional requirements Part 2: Test methods Part 3: Test measurements Part 4: Speed governing Part 5: Torsional

15、vibrations Part 6: Overspeed protection Part 7: Codes for engine power INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3046-5:2001(E)I SO 1002 All irthgs ersedevr 1Reciprocating internal combustion engines Performance Part 5: Torsional vibrations 1 Scope This part of ISO 3046 establishes general requirements and definit

16、ions for torsional vibrations in shaft systems of sets driven by reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines. Where necessary, individual requirements can be given for particular engine applications. This part of ISO 3046 covers sets driven by reciprocating internal combustion engines for land,

17、rail-traction and marine use, excluding sets used to propel road construction and earthmoving machines, agricultural tractors, industrial types of tractors, automobiles and trucks, and aircraft. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions, which, through reference in

18、this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 3046. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 3046 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent

19、editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 2041:1990, Vibration and shock Vocabulary ISO 2710-1, Reciprocating

20、 internal combustion engines Vocabulary Part 1: Terms for engine design and operation ISO 2710-2, Reciprocating internal combustion engines Vocabulary Part 2: Terms for engine maintenance 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 3046 the terms and definitions in ISO 2710-1 and IS

21、O 2710-2 as well as the following apply. 3.1 set assembly of mechanisms including one or more RIC engines and the driven machinery 3.2 shaft system assembly of all the components of a set connected so that they can rotate (see Figure 1) NOTE When the torsional vibrations are calculated, it is the co

22、mplete shaft system that is considered. ISO 3046-5:2001(E) 2 3.3 torsional vibrations oscillatory angular deformation (twist) of a rotating shaft system 3.4 torsional vibration amplitude maximum angular displacement measured in a section perpendicular to the axis of the shaft system between the angu

23、lar position considered and a given arbitrary reference position 3.5 natural frequency parameter that can be calculated for each solution of the equation of motion for the undamped system See 2.80 of ISO 2041:1990. NOTE It is usually not necessary to calculate the natural frequency for a damped syst

24、em. 3.6 natural vector relative amplitude for the whole section where the system is vibrating at its associated natural frequency and an arbitrary section of the system is chosen as a reference and given an amplitude of unity 3.7 elastic line envelope of the natural vector amplitudes in each section

25、 (see Figure 2) 3.8 vibratory node point of elastic line where relative natural vector amplitude is equal to zero 3.9 natural mode of torsional vibration natural frequency and its elastic line that characterizes each mode of torsional vibration NOTE Examples are first mode of vibration or one node m

26、ode of vibration or second mode of vibration or two node modes of vibration. 3.10 excitation torque torsional periodic torque generated by the RIC engine or driven components that excites torsional vibration of the shaft system 3.11 harmonic each term of a series of sinusoidal terms (Fourier series)

27、 into which the excitation torque may be subdivided See 2.26 of ISO 2041:1990. NOTE Each of these harmonics is theoretically capable of producing resonance at the appropriate rotational velocity of the shaft system. The Fourier series terms are written in increasing order. The first harmonic is rela

28、ted to the first term of the series (even if it had zero magnitude) and so on (see Figure 3). The constant term is the mean torque. 3.12 vibration order number of oscillations per revolution associated with each harmonic NOTE For RIC engines operating on the two-stroke cycle, the vibration order cor

29、responds to the range of the harmonic. For four-stroke engines, the range of the harmonic may be divided by two to obtain the corresponding vibration order; e.g. II/4 for the resonance speed at which the second mode of vibration is excited by the fourth order harmonic. ISO 3046-5:2001(E) I SO 1002 A

30、ll irthgs ersedevr 33.13 resonance speed speed at which the whole shaft system resonates (as the natural frequency of a vibration mode equals the frequency of one of the harmonics of the excitation torques) See 2.73 of ISO 2041:1990. 3.14 synthesized torsional stress torsional stress generated in a

31、given section of the shaft system by the total of all the harmonics of the excitation torques, taking account of the magnitude and phase of the stress generated by each harmonic (see Figure 4) NOTE Mean torque is not used when elaborating the synthesized torsional stress. 3.15 additional torsional s

32、tress stress due to the torsional vibrations of a given harmonic which is superimposed on the torsional stress corresponding to the mean torque transmitted in the given section of the shaft system being considered 3.16 barred speed range speed range over which the stress caused by the torsional vibr

33、ation exceeds the stress value permitted for continuous operation NOTE Continuous operation in this speed range is forbidden, but passing through in transient operation is permissible provided that it offers no danger or damage to the shaft system. ISO 3046-5:2001(E) 4 ISO 1002 Allr ithgsr esedevrKe

34、y 1 Damper 8 Exciter 2 Engine 9 Cylinder 6 3 Flywheel 10 Cylinder 5 4 Alternator 11 Cylinder 4 5 Case 12 Cylinder 3 6 Fan 13 Cylinder 2 7 Rotor 14 Cylinder 1 Figure 1 Six-cylinder diesel engine and alternator and equivalent ideal system ISO 3046-5:2001(E) ISO 1002 Allir thgser sedevr 5Key 1 Damper 8

35、 Cylinder 1 2 Case 9 Flywheel 3 Cylinder 6 10 Fan 4 Cylinder 5 11 Rotor 5 Cylinder 4 12 Exciter 6 Cylinder 3 a Node 7 Cylinder 2 b Elastic line Figure 2 Typical vector diagram ISO 3046-5:2001(E) 6 ISO 1002 Allir thgser sedevrKey aMean torque bSum of harmonics cOrder N 0,5 Harmonic N 1 dOrder N 1,0 H

36、armonic N 2 eOrder N 1,5 Harmonic N 3 fOrder N 2,0 Harmonic N 4 gOrder N 2,5 Harmonic N 5 hOrder N 3,0 Harmonic N 6 iOrder N 3,5 Harmonic N 7 jOrder N 4,0 Harmonic N 8 Figure 3 Harmonic analysis of 4-stroke engine torque diagram ISO 3046-5:2001(E) ISO 1002 Allir thgser sedevr 7aSynthesized b3,5 Orde

37、r c6 Order d5,5 Order Figure 4 Typical vibratory torsional stress 4 Calculation of torsional vibration 4.1 General Knowing the dynamic characteristics of the shaft system, it is possible to calculate: a) the natural frequency and modes; b) the responses of the system to the excitations. When previou

38、sly agreed by the contract, the supplier of the set shall be responsible for the torsional vibration calculation using a conventional method agreed upon by the parties concerned and, where appropriate, the allowable calculation simplification. ISO 3046-5:2001(E) 8 ISO 1002 Allir thgser sedevr4.2 Met

39、hod used 4.2.1 Free vibrations This is the calculation of eigen values (natural frequencies) and eigen vectors (natural vectors) of the linear equation system predicting the undamped shaft system. 4.2.2 Forced vibrations This is the solution of differential equations with one side representing the e

40、ngine excitation torque and, if necessary, those of the other components of the shaft system when their excitation torques cannot be neglected. 4.3 Calculation data The data to be taken into account for the torsional vibration calculation of the shaft system are the polar moment of inertia, the tors

41、ional stiffness of each component, the excitation torque of components, the operating speed band, the specific operating parameters and, where appropriate, the data concerning the torsional vibration dampings (see 5.4). The manufacturer of the engine(s) and of the driven machinery shall communicate

42、all the relevant information on the equipment that they supply (e.g. the propeller) so that the torsional vibration calculations can be carried out by the set supplier. 4.4 Calculation results The results obtained when using the methods mentioned in 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 can determine, amongst others, the

43、 following: a) the natural frequencies, natural vectors and resonance speeds; b) the torsional stresses in the shaft system; c) the vibratory torques in elastic couplings and the other items influenced by these torques; d) the vibratory amplitudes at given points of the shaft line; e) the thermal po

44、wer generated in couplings and the other damping sources. The results can also be used, if necessary, to obtain the vibratory accelerations in gears. 4.5 Calculation report If the contract requires a report to be made, of the torsional vibration calculation carried out, this shall be provided by the

45、 set supplier. It shall contain leading particulars of the RIC engine, configuration of the shaft system and calculation results in accordance with 4.4 as far as is necessary. If the set supplier has subcontracted the calculation then it shall be clearly stated in the report. 5 Measurement of torsio

46、nal vibration 5.1 General When it is specified in the contract, the measurement of the torsional vibrations of the shaft system shall be carried out by the set supplier to verify the calculation. The measurement and the designation of the measuring position shall be specified in the contract in orde

47、r to assess the amplitudes at this position. ISO 3046-5:2001(E) I SO 1002 All irthgs ersedevr 95.2 Method of measurement The following devices may be used as torsional vibration pick-up: a) eddy probe (non contacting); b) strain gauge; c) optical decoder. Other methods can be used on agreement betwe

48、en the customer and set supplier. 5.3 Measured parameters Depending upon the method of measurement, the following parameters shall be measured and recorded in the test report: a) rotational velocity of the shaft system; b) engine power; c) torsional vibration amplitude; d) strain; e) ambient tempera

49、ture of test site; f) natural frequency and critical speed range. Additional parameters that may influence the torsional vibration: g) firing order of the RIC engine cylinders. Other parameters can be measured on agreement between the customer and set supplier. 5.4 Measurement test report The torsional vibration measurement test report shall be provided by the set supplier if required by the contract. It shall contain leading particulars of the RIC engine, configuration of the shaft system