BS ISO 24521-2016 Activities relating to drinking water and wastewater services Guidelines for the management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services《饮用水和废水服务相关活动 家庭废水基本现场服务的.pdf

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1、BS ISO 24521:2016Activities relating to drinkingwater and wastewaterservices Guidelines for themanagement of basic on-sitedomestic wastewater servicesBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 24521:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Stand

2、ard is the UK implementation of ISO 24521:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CB/503, Drinking water and wastewater service levels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not p

3、urport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 84778 3ICS 03.080.30; 13.060.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromleg

4、al obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 24521:2016 ISO 2016Activities relating to drinking water and wastewater services Guidelines for the ma

5、nagement of basic on-site domestic wastewater servicesActivits relatives aux services de leau potable et des eaux uses Lignes directrices pour la gestion sur site des services deaux uses domestiques de baseINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO24521First edition2016-09-01Reference numberISO 24521:2016(E)BS ISO 2

6、4521:2016ISO 24521:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includin

7、g photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41

8、 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 24521:2016ISO 24521:2016(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Objectives . 24.1 General . 24.2 Protection of public health . 34.3 Protection of users and operators 44.4 Meeting th

9、e needs and expectations of users 44.5 Provisions of services under normal and emergency situations . 44.6 Sustainability of basic on-site domestic wastewater systems . 44.7 Promotion of sustainable development of the community 54.8 Protection of the environment 55 Components of basic on-site domest

10、ic wastewater systems 65.1 General . 65.2 Basic on-site domestic wastewater systems . 65.2.1 User interface 65.2.2 Collection 75.2.3 Transportation . 75.2.4 Treatment 75.2.5 Disposal/reuse. 86 Management of basic on-site domestic wastewater systems . 96.1 General . 96.2 Independent management of sys

11、tem function and stakeholder communication .106.3 Basic management activities 116.3.1 Developing objectives and establishing action plans 116.3.2 Financial sustainability of the system 116.3.3 Sustainability of the assets . 116.3.4 Customer relations 126.4 Stakeholder relations . 126.4.1 Developing

12、plans for support of stakeholders 126.4.2 Education and/or training of stakeholders .136.5 Environmental management . 136.6 Risk management 147 Planning and construction 157.1 Planning and construction of basic on-site domestic wastewater systems 157.2 Criteria for selecting appropriate basic on-sit

13、e domestic wastewater technologies 167.3 User interface 177.4 Collection 187.5 Transportation . 187.6 Treatment . 197.7 Disposal/reuse . 198 Operation and maintenance 208.1 General 208.2 Developing operational plans and instructions.208.3 Developing maintenance plans and instructions .218.4 Developi

14、ng plans and instructions for collection of waste 218.5 Developing plans and instructions for transportation of waste 219 Health and safety issues 219.1 Health and safety measures and training . 21 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 24521:2016ISO 24521:2016(E)9.2 Public health progr

15、ammes . 22Annex A (informative) Corresponding terms in English, French and Spanish .23Annex B (informative) Schematics of basic on-site domestic wastewater systems 24Bibliography .55iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 24521:2016ISO 24521:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Stand

16、ardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right

17、to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures us

18、ed to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules

19、of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identifie

20、d during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on th

21、e meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for t

22、his document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 224, Service activities relating to drinking water supply systems and wastewater systems quality criteria of the service and performance indicator. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 24521:2016ISO 24521:2016(E)Introduction0.1 Water issues: global context

23、and policies frameworkWater constitutes a worldwide challenge for the 21stcentury, both in terms of the management of available water resources and the provision of access to drinking water and sanitation for the worlds population. In 2000, the United Nations recognized that access to water is an es

24、sential human right and, in conjunction with national governments, it set ambitious goals (the “Millennium Development Goals”) to increase access to drinking water and wastewater services, including safe disposal or reuse of residues (jointly referred to as “water services” in this International Sta

25、ndard), particularly in developing countries. International conferences on sustainable development and water (e.g. the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in September 2002, the third World Water Forum in Kyoto in March 2003 and the fourth World Water Forum in Mexico City in Marc

26、h 2006) have highlighted this issue, and UN agencies (including WHO and UNESCO) have developed recommendations and programmes to establish a framework in which to advance.The United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development has emphasised that governments have a primary role in promoting improve

27、d access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation through improved governance at all levels and appropriate enabling environments and regulatory frameworks, with the active involvement of all stakeholders. NOTE Governments are referred to as “relevant authorities” in ISO 24510, ISO 24511 and ISO

28、24512).If institutional solutions are incorporated into this process, the water sector becomes more productive and the management of water resources becomes more sustainable. Declarations from the World Water Forum have recommended that governments endeavour to reinforce the role of parliaments and

29、local public authorities, particularly with regard to the provision of adequate water services, and have recognized that an effective collaboration with and between these actors is a key factor for meeting water-related challenges and goals.Examples of key issues for efficient drinking water and san

30、itation services policy frameworks are: clearly defining the roles of the different stakeholders; establishing how sanitary rules and organization are defined and assessed; establishing processes to ensure consistency between the policies regarding urban development and water utility infrastructure;

31、 regulating water withdrawal and wastewater discharge; providing information to users and communities.0.2 Water utilities: general objectivesIn addition to public health protection, sound management of the drinking water and wastewater utilities (jointly referred to as “water utilities” in this Inte

32、rnational Standard) is an essential element of integrated water resources management. When applied to these utilities, sound management practices will contribute, both quantitatively and qualitatively, to sustainable development. Sound utility management also contributes to social cohesion and econo

33、mic development of the communities served, because the quality and efficiency of water services have implications for virtually all activities of society.As water is considered to be a social good and activities related to water services support the three aspects (economic, social and environmental)

34、 of sustainable development, it is logical that the management of water utilities be transparent to, and inclusive of, all stakeholders identified in accordance with the local context.vi ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 24521:2016ISO 24521:2016(E)There is a broad array of stakeholders that can pla

35、y a role in activities related to water services. Examples of such stakeholders include: governments or public agencies (international, national, regional or local); associations of the utilities themselves (e.g. international, regional/multinational and national drinking water or wastewater associa

36、tions); autonomous bodies seeking to play an overview role (e.g. organizations concerned, such as non-governmental organizations); users and associations of water users.The relationships between stakeholders and water utilities vary around the world. In many countries, there are bodies that have res

37、ponsibility (in whole or in part) for overseeing the activities related to water services, whether the utilities are publicly or privately owned or operated, and whether they are regulated by relevant authorities or acting in a system of technical self-regulation. Standardization and technical self-

38、regulation are possible ways of ensuring involvement of all stakeholders and meeting the subsidiarity principle.The aim of water utilities is to offer services to everybody in the area of responsibility of the utility, to provide users with a continuous supply of drinking water and to collect and tr

39、eat wastewater under economic and social conditions that are acceptable to the users and to the utility. Water utilities are expected to meet the requirements of relevant authorities and the expectations specified by the responsible bodies in conjunction with the other stakeholders, while ensuring t

40、he long-term sustainability of the service. In a context of scarcity of resources, including financial resources, it is advisable that the investments made in installations be appropriate and that necessary attention be paid to proper maintenance and effective use of the installations. It is advisab

41、le that water tariffs generally aim at meeting cost-recovery principles and at promoting efficiency in the use of the resources, while striving to maintain affordable basic access to water services.It is advisable that the stakeholders be involved in both setting service objectives and assessing the

42、 adequacy and efficiency of service.0.3 Objectives, content and implementation of ISO standards addressing water servicesThe ISO standards addressing water services are ISO 24510 (service-oriented), ISO 24511 and ISO 24512 (both management-oriented). The objective of these ISO standards is to provid

43、e the relevant stakeholders with guidelines for assessing and improving the service to users and guidance for managing water utilities, consistent with the overarching goals set by the relevant authorities.ISO 24510 contains the following: a brief description of the components of the service relatin

44、g to the users; core objectives for the service, with respect to the needs and expectations of users; guidelines for satisfying the needs and expectations of users; assessment criteria for service to users in accordance with the provided guidelines; examples of performance indicators linked to the a

45、ssessment criteria that can be used for assessing the performance of the service.ISO 24511 and ISO 24512 contain the following: a brief description of the physical/infrastructural and managerial/institutional components of water utilities; core objectives for water utilities, considered to be global

46、ly relevant at the broadest level; guidelines for the management of the water utilities; ISO 2016 All rights reserved viiBS ISO 24521:2016ISO 24521:2016(E) guidelines for the assessment of the water services with service assessment criteria related to the objectives, and performance indicators linke

47、d to these criteria.The performance indicators presented in ISO 24510, ISO 24511 and ISO 24512 are for illustrative purposes only, because assessing the service to users cannot be reduced to a single or universal set of performance indicators.The quality of the supplied water (or discharged wastewat

48、er) can be adversely impacted between the point-of-delivery (or, in the case of wastewater, the point-of-collection) and the point-of-use (or, in the case of wastewater, the point-of-discharge) by the installations inside the premises. Some stakeholders (e.g. relevant authorities, owners, contractor

49、s and users) can have a role to play regarding this issue.Recognizing that the organization of water utilities differs from country to country, the guidelines given in ISO 24510, ISO 24511 and ISO 24512 focus on the needs and expectations of users and on the water services themselves, without imposing a means of meeting those needs and expectations, in order to permit the broadest possible use of ISO 24510, ISO 24511 and ISO 24512 while respecting the cultural, socio-economic, climatic, health and legislative characteristics of