BS ISO 22538-5-2010 Space systems - Oxygen safety - Operational and emergency procedures《航天系统 氧气安全性 操作和应急操作步骤》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 22538-5:2010Space systems OxygensafetyPart 5: Operational and emergencyproceduresBS ISO 22538-5:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK imple

2、mentation of ISO 22538-5:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/68, Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessa

3、ryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 53676 2ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee

4、on 31 July 2010Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 22538-5:2010Reference numberISO 22538-5:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO22538-5First edition2010-07-01Space systems Oxygen safety Part 5: Operational and emergency procedures Systmes spatiaux Scurit des systmes doxyg

5、ne Partie 5: Procdures de fonctionnement et durgence BS ISO 22538-5:2010ISO 22538-5:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are

6、licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details

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8、ing to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including phot

9、ocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Swi

10、tzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO 22538-5:2010ISO 22538-5:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope1 2 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms1 2.1 Terms and definitions .1 2.2 Abbreviated terms .1 3 Operational procedures1 3.1 General guidelines 1 3.2 P

11、ersonnel .2 3.3 Cool-down and loading procedures 4 3.4 Examinations .5 4 Emergency procedures.5 4.1 Types of emergencies.5 4.2 Assistance plans and procedures and policy 7 4.3 Fire-fighting techniques8 Bibliography9 BS ISO 22538-5:2010ISO 22538-5:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (

12、the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical commi

13、ttee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotec

14、hnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the membe

15、r bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifyin

16、g any or all such patent rights. ISO 22538-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. ISO 22538 consists of the following parts, under the general title Space systems Oxygen safety: Part 1: Design of oxygen systems

17、and components Part 2: Selection of metallic materials for oxygen systems and components Part 3: Selection of non-metallic materials for oxygen systems and components Part 4: Hazards analyses for oxygen systems and components Part 5: Operational and emergency procedures Part 6: Facility planning and

18、 implementation BS ISO 22538-5:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22538-5:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Space systems Oxygen safety Part 5: Operational and emergency procedures 1 Scope This part of ISO 22538 specifies a set of operational and emergency procedures for the safe storage, handling a

19、nd transfer of liquid and gaseous oxygen. 2 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 2.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1.1 oxygen-enriched atmosphere gas mixture or liquid mixture that contains more than 25 volume percent oxygen

20、 2.1.2 qualified technical personnel person who, by virtue of education, training or experience, knows how to apply physical and chemical principles involved in the reactions between oxygen and other materials EXAMPLE Engineers, chemists. 2.2 Abbreviated terms GOX gaseous oxygen LOX liquid oxygen PP

21、E personal protective equipment SOP standard operational procedure 3 Operational procedures 3.1 General guidelines Standard operational procedures (SOPs) shall be developed, with checklists as required. The SOPs shall be prepared by qualified technical personnel familiar with the work being done and

22、 be reviewed by personnel experienced the use of oxygen. SOPs for all hazardous operations shall be reviewed by the designated safety authority. Occupational health personnel shall be involved in the review cycle when operational procedures involve potential health hazards. The SOPs shall be impleme

23、nted by line management. SOPs shall provide for BS ISO 22538-5:2010ISO 22538-5:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reservedthe control of hazards to an acceptable risk and shall be reviewed annually for observance and improvement. The procedures shall include the following: a) notification of the designat

24、ed safety authority during hazardous operations; b) protection of personnel; c) prevention and detection of oxygen leaks; d) elimination of ignition sources; e) identification of proper safety control and hazard identification equipment; f) priming gaseous oxygen (GOX) or liquid oxygen (LOX) contain

25、ing equipment during installation and start-up. The design of safe facilities and equipment shall consider human capabilities and the limitations of personnel responsible for operations. 3.2 Personnel 3.2.1 General 3.2.1.1 Consideration for the safety of personnel at and near oxygen storage and use

26、facilities shall start in the earliest planning and design stages. Safety documentation shall describe the safety organization and comment specifically on the following: inspections; training; safety communications and meetings; operations safety and instruction manuals; accident investigations; saf

27、ety instruction records. Training shall familiarize personnel with the physical, chemical and hazardous properties of LOX and GOX, with personal protective equipment (PPE), with the correct operation of oxygen systems and with hazard recognition and control prevention. 3.2.1.2 The responsible user o

28、rganization of the facility shall be notified of oxygen transport, loading and use operations. The user organization shall ensure that the safety equipment required at the operational site is present, operational and that all necessary support organizations, such as security, have been notified. Tra

29、nsportation of oxygen-loaded systems shall not be scheduled during peak traffic periods if possible. 3.2.1.3 Equipment failures caused by operator errors can result in fires, explosions, injury and extensive damage. Operators shall be trained for proper operations and kept informed of any changes in

30、 operating or safety procedures. The operators shall be qualified and certified for working with LOX and GOX. They shall also be trained in the corrective actions required in an accident. Personnel engaged in operations shall be advised of the hazards that may be encountered. 3.2.2 Confined space 3.

31、2.2.1 Instruments used for determining oxygen enrichment or oxygen depletion shall be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturers requirements specific for the instrument. Given that oxygen itself is silent, BS ISO 22538-5:2010ISO 22538-5:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 3odourless and invis

32、ible, undetectable by the human senses, the oxygen content of a workspace environment is a critical safety concern and shall not be underestimated for the following reasons: a slight reduction in the oxygen content of ambient air has physiological effects on exposed personnel: at low concentrations,

33、 it can incapacitate or even kill within minutes; a few percent increase in oxygen content increases flammability: without an effective detection/warning system, personnel are extremely vulnerable. 3.2.2.2 Personnel shall not be permitted to enter a confined space that may be subject to oxygen enric

34、hment or oxygen depletion, or a confined space that contains a toxic material, until an assessment of that space is made and specific authorization is obtained. All personnel shall be aware of instrument limitations and cross-sensitivities to other contaminants. Entry shall be permitted in accordanc

35、e with facility requirements and only trained personnel shall be allowed to use monitoring equipment, evaluate the possibility of access and actually enter the area. Free entrance is permissible only if the oxygen concentration is between 19,5 and 25,0 volume percent. 3.2.3 Operator certification Be

36、fore being certified to work with LOX or GOX, the operator shall demonstrate the following: a) knowledge of the properties of LOX and GOX; b) general knowledge of approved materials that are compatible with LOX and GOX under operating conditions; c) familiarity with manufacturers manuals detailing e

37、quipment operations; d) proficiency in the use and care of protective equipment, clothing and safety equipment; e) proficiency in maintaining a clean system and clean equipment in oxygen service; f) recognition of normal operations and symptoms that indicate deviations from such operations; g) consc

38、ientious following of instructions and checklist requirements. 3.2.4 Personal protective measures 3.2.4.1 General Protective clothing and equipment, including respiratory protection, shall be included in personal protective measures. All operations that involve handling LOX shall be performed with a

39、 minimum of two members of staff (under the so-called “buddy system”) at the level required for the hazard and complexity of the task. 3.2.4.2 Safety clothing 3.2.4.2.1 Gloves for use around LOX systems shall not be made of leather and shall have a good insulating quality. They shall be designed for

40、 quick removal in case of infiltration by LOX. Because LOX may also infiltrate footwear, shoes shall have high tops, and trouser legs shall be worn outside and over the tops of shoes. The trousers shall have no external pocket openings and no cuffs. The shoes shall be of leather. 3.2.4.2.2 Personnel

41、 handling LOX shall wear head and face protection appropriate for the task. A face shield or a hood with a face shield shall be worn. If LOX is being handled in an open system, an apron of impermeable material shall be worn. 3.2.4.2.3 Oxygen will saturate normal clothing, rendering it extremely flam

42、mable. Clothing described as flame-resistant or flame-retardant under normal atmospheric conditions may be flammable in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. Impermeable clothing components with good insulating properties may help protect the wearer from thermal injuries. BS ISO 22538-5:2010ISO 22538-5:201

43、0(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3.2.4.2.4 Any clothing that has been splashed or soaked with oxygen vapours shall not be removed until completely free of the gas. Personnel exposed to high-oxygen atmospheres shall leave the area and avoid all sources of ignition until the oxygen in their clothing

44、 dissipates. Oxygen can also saturate the skin, therefore personnel shall avoid ignition sources for 30 min after exposure. 3.2.4.3 Respiratory protection If respiratory protection is required, as in cleaning, venting or purging operations, the breathing air used shall be periodically tested to ensu

45、re it meets required specifications. Cleaning, venting and purging operations may introduce chemical hazards, as well as oxygen deficiency or oxygen enrichment hazards. The breathing air shall be adequately characterized to ensure that the ambient air is safe to breathe. Respiratory protection shall

46、 be based upon this characterization. 3.2.4.4 Auxiliary equipment 3.2.4.4.1 Portable oxygen detectors of approved design are useful where oxygen leakage may increase fire and explosion hazards. 3.2.4.4.2 Safety showers and eye-wash fountains are provided only to deal with fire and corrosive chemical

47、s or to flush cryogenic liquids from clothing and skin. 3.2.4.4.3 Water hoses shall be available to thaw valves and fittings on cryogenic storage containers. Atmospheric moisture may freeze on valve stems and similar components, making them impossible to open or close. Running water onto the frozen

48、part may thaw the ice and enable component operation. Running water is also useful to thaw ice if a persons gloved hand freezes to a valve handle. 3.2.4.4.4 Appropriate warning systems shall be used to monitor oxygen systems that are a potential danger to operating personnel. The warning systems sha

49、ll be shielded and designed in such a way that the operation of a single detection device serves to alarm, but not necessarily to initiate, basic fire and emergency protection. System and equipment safety components shall be installed for control of automatic equipment in order to reduce the hazards indicated by the warning systems. Manual controls within the system shall include automatic limiting devices to prevent overranging. 3.3 Cool-down and loading procedures 3.3.1 General Appropriate cool-down