BS ISO 20054-2016 Plain bearings Bearings containing dispersed solid lubricants《滑动轴承 含有分散固体润滑剂的轴承》.pdf

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1、BS ISO 20054:2016Plain bearings Bearingscontaining dispersed solidlubricantsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 20054:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 20054:2016.The UK participation in its

2、 preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/12, Plain bearings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct ap

3、plication. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 90082 2 ICS 21.100.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy

4、Committee on 30 September 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 20054:2016 ISO 2016Plain bearings Bearings containing dispersed solid lubricantsPaliers lisses Paliers contenant des lubrifiants solides disperssINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO20054First edition

5、2016-09-01Reference numberISO 20054:2016(E)BS ISO 20054:2016ISO 20054:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form

6、or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8

7、 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 20054:2016ISO 20054:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols and units . 15 Characteristics 15.1 Structure . 15.2 Bearing characteris

8、tics 25.3 Applicable field . 36 Material 36.1 Metal matrix 36.2 Solid lubricant 46.3 Combination of metal matrix and solid lubricant . 47 Dimension . 57.1 General . 57.2 General dimension . 57.2.1 Seamless bush 57.2.2 Wrapped bush 77.3 Tolerance classes and limit deviations . 77.3.1 General 77.3.2 H

9、ousing fit . 77.3.3 Shaft clearance . 78 Assembling . 89 Surface finish 8Annex A (informative) Guide for selection of a bearing metal matrix for bearings containing dispersed solid lubricants 9Annex B (informative) Actual applications of a bearing containing dispersed solid lubricants 10Bibliography

10、 .11 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 20054:2016ISO 20054:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out throu

11、gh ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collabora

12、tes closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval cr

13、iteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject

14、of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade nam

15、e used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO)

16、 principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcommittee SC 7, Special types of plain bearings.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 20054:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDA

17、RD ISO 20054:2016(E)Plain bearings Bearings containing dispersed solid lubricants1 ScopeThis document specifies a bearing containing dispersed solid lubricants which is used as a solid lubricant bearing.NOTE In the solid lubricant bearing among self-lubricating bearings there is a solid type, a coat

18、ed type, an embedded type and a dispersed type, which is specified by this document.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applie

19、s. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3547-1, Plain bearings Wrapped bushes Part 1: Dimensions3 Terms and definitionsNo terms and definitions are listed in this document.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in

20、 standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 4 Symbols and unitsSee Table 1.Table 1 Symbols and unitsSymbol Description UnitB Width of the bush mmDiInside diameter of the bush

21、mmDoOutside diameter of the bush mm5 Characteristics5.1 StructureA bearing containing dispersed solid lubricants is made of sintered composite materials that contain solid lubricants dispersed uniformly in the metal matrix and is manufactured by powder metallurgy (see Figure 1).This document include

22、s multi-layered bearings with the sintered layer on a steel backing and both seamless and wrapped bushes (see Figure 2). ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 20054:2016ISO 20054:2016(E)Figure 3 shows a typical microstructure of the bearings containing dispersed solid lubricants. The dispersed solid

23、lubricants in the metal matrix vary in grain size and volume.a) Seamless bush (fine solid lubricants type)b) Seamless bush (coarse solid lubricants type)Figure 1 Overview of bearings containing dispersed solid lubricants (single-layered)a) Seamless bush b) Wrapped bushKey1 sintered layer2 steel back

24、ingFigure 2 Overview of bearings containing dispersed solid lubricants (multi-layered)a) Fine solid lubricants type b) Coarse solid lubricants typeKey1 metal matrix2 dispersed solid lubricantFigure 3 Microstructure of a bearing containing dispersed solid lubricants5.2 Bearing characteristicsA bearin

25、g containing dispersed solid lubricants obtains its sliding performance from the self-lubricating effects of solid lubricants and the mechanical strength of metal matrix.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 20054:2016ISO 20054:2016(E)The sliding performance and mechanical strength vary according to

26、the volume of solid lubricants. Higher sliding performance requires more solid lubricants, while higher mechanical strength requires less solid lubricants.Since solid lubricants are dispersed over the entire material, the bearings are particularly suitable for extra low speed or micro-motion applica

27、tions, minimising static friction to achieve smooth sliding at the start of motion.The solid lubricants are drawn out over both surfaces from the bearing material when it slides against the mating surface, forming a solid lubricant film. As the solid lubricant film is consumed, it is replenished fro

28、m the bearing material to maintain a continuous film throughout the life of the product (see Figure 4).Key1 mating member2 metal matrix3 dispersed solid lubricant4 solid lubricant filmA sliding directionFigure 4 Lubricating mechanism of a bearing containing dispersed solid lubricants5.3 Applicable f

29、ieldThe bearing can be used for rotational motion, reciprocating motion, oscillating motion and frequent start/stop cycles. The bearing is also used in such applications where no fluid lubrication can be expected because of high load and low speed operation. Bearings with appropriate materials are s

30、uited to applications with high or low temperature, liquids, gases and in vacuo.The bearing has been developed to operate satisfactorily without oil or grease lubricants. However, if the application permits, oil or grease may be utilized to improve bearing durability, prevent dust from entering the

31、bearing, flush out wear debris or prevent corrosion of the bearing components.6 Material6.1 Metal matrixThe constituent elements of the metal matrix in the bearing define the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the bearing. The chemical composition and manufacturing methods (sintering an

32、d heat treatment) influence the bearing metal matrix properties.Metal matrix base materials are principally copper, nickel or iron. Table 2 shows the operating temperature for the alloy types. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 20054:2016ISO 20054:2016(E)Table 2 Types of alloy and their operating

33、temperatureAlloy typeOperating temperature aCCopper based alloys 200 to 450Nickel based alloys 200 to 600Iron based alloys 0 to 700aOperating temperature varies according to the composition.The most commonly-used, copper-based metal matrix group is Cu-Sn, but Cu-Ni-Sn and Cu-Ni-Fe alloys offer enhan

34、ced thermal resistance and strength.The nickel-based metal matrix group includes Ni-Cu-Fe alloys, which offer high corrosion resistance.The iron-based metal matrix group includes Fe-Cu alloys, which offer higher thermal resistance than copper-based alloys by the formation of iron oxide lubricant fil

35、ms. In addition, there are high-heat resistant Fe-Ni-Cu alloys and stainless alloys (Fe-Cr-Ni alloys, etc.).Metal matrix may contain small additive additions to enhance performance. The surface of metal matrix may have an additional running-in coating.A guide for the selection of a bearing metal mat

36、rix for bearings containing dispersed solid lubricants is shown in Figure A.1 of Annex A.6.2 Solid lubricantMany types of solid lubricants are available. They are selected to suit the operating conditions because their friction performances are influenced by the operating environment. The majority o

37、f bearings incorporate graphite and molybdenum disulphide as solid lubricants. Other solid lubricants with low friction, suited to demanding environments, include tungsten disulphide, boron nitride and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Table 3 shows an outline for the operating temperatures and the at

38、mosphere for the solid lubricants.The size and type of solid lubricants are selected based on the operating conditions.Table 3 Types of solid lubricants and their propertiesTypeOperating temperatureCAtmosphereIn air In water In vacuumGraphite 120 to 600 good applicable poorMoS2100 to 400 good poor g

39、oodWS2180 to 600 good poor goodBN up to 900 agood PTFE 260 to 260 good good goodaBN shows good performance in an oxidising atmosphere at high temperature.6.3 Combination of metal matrix and solid lubricantAccording to a combination of the metal matrix with the solid lubricant types, their grain size

40、, their volume and manufacturing methods permit satisfactory bearing selection for a wide range of applications. Determination of the composition of both metal matrix and solid lubricant is a critical task.Table 4 shows typical examples of metal matrix and solid lubricant combinations and suitable a

41、pplications. Further, examples of actual applications of a bearing containing dispersed solid lubricants are shown in Table B.1 of Annex B.4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 20054:2016ISO 20054:2016(E)Table 4 Typical examples of metal matrix and solid lubricant combinations and suitable applicatio

42、nsAlloy type Metal matrix aSolid lubricants aApplicationsCopper based alloysCu-Sn baseGraphite General use for average conditions.(up to 350 C)MoS2Graphite and MoS2In vacuum and air.(up to 350 C)Cu-Ni-Sn base GraphiteFor wear resistance.(up to 350 C)Cu-Ni-Fe base GraphiteFor corrosion resistance.(up

43、 to 450 C)Nickel based alloysNi-Cu-Fe base GraphiteFor corrosion resistance.(up to 550 C)Ni base GraphiteFor highest corrosion resistance.(up to 600 C)Iron based alloysFe-Cu base Graphite and MoS2High temperature in air.(up to 600 C)Fe-Ni-Cu base Graphite and/or BNHigh temperature and corrosion resi

44、stance.(up to 700 C)aIt may be processed with oil impregnation. In case that the effect of oil impregnation is necessary, the ambient temperature should be less than 120 C.7 Dimension7.1 GeneralThe housing fit and shaft clearance are important factors to consider when determining the dimensions of a

45、 bearing. The many combinations of bearing materials, applications and range of operating conditions do not permit uniform application of tolerances to the bearing component parts (housing, bush and shaft).Since the optimum fit varies depending upon the operating environments, discussion is necessar

46、y between the supplier and the user to achieve the optimum fit.7.2 General dimension7.2.1 Seamless bushBushes need to have adequate thickness for maintaining the strength.Figure 5 shows a seamless bush, and Table 5 lists the preferred nominal inside and outside diameters and widths. Bearings of size

47、s outside those shown in Table 5 shall be subject to agreement between the supplier and the user. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 20054:2016ISO 20054:2016(E)KeyX surface roughness, see Table 7Figure 5 Seamless bushTable 5 Preferred nominal dimensions for seamless bushesDimensions in millimetres

48、Inside diameterDiOutside diameterDoWidth aB8 12 8 10 12 10 14 8 10 12 15 12 18 8 10 12 15 13 19 10 12 15 20 14 20 10 12 15 20 15 21 10 12 15 20 16 22 10 12 15 20 25 18 24 10 12 15 20 25 20 28 10 12 15 20 25 30 20 30 10 12 15 20 25 30 22 32 12 15 20 25 30 25 33 12 15 20 25 30 35 25 35 12 15 20 25 30

49、35 28 38 15 20 25 30 35 40 30 38 15 20 25 30 35 40 30 40 15 20 25 30 35 40 32 42 15 20 25 30 35 40 35 45 20 25 30 35 40 50 40 50 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 40 55 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 45 55 25 30 35 40 50 60 70 45 60 25 30 35 40 50 60 70 50 60 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 50 65 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 55 70 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 60 75 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 aThe width B may be achieved with multiple connected bushes.6 I