BS ISO 18451-1-2015 Pigments dyestuffs and extenders Terminology General terms《颜料 染料和填充剂 术语 通用术语》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18451-1:2015Pigments, dyestuffs andextenders TerminologyPart 1: General termsBS ISO 18451-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18451-1:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommi

2、ttee STI/1, Pigments.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015.Publi

3、shed by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 86375 2ICS 01.040.87; 87.060.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2015.Amendments/corrige

4、nda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 18451-1:2015 ISO 2015Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders Terminology Part 1: General termsPigments, colorants et matires de charge Terminologie Partie 1: Termes gnrauxINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18451-1First edition2015-11-01Reference numberI

5、SO 18451-1:2015(E)BS ISO 18451-1:2015ISO 18451-1:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, elec

6、tronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernie

7、r, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 18451-1:2015ISO 18451-1:2015(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 1Annex A (informative) Alphabetical index 18Bibliography .24 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18451-1:201

8、5ISO 18451-1:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a su

9、bject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (

10、IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be

11、 noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identify

12、ing any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience

13、 of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supp

14、lementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 256, Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders.ISO 18451 consists of the following parts, under the general title Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders Terminology: Part 1: General terms Part 2: Classification of colouring materials acco

15、rding to colouristic and chemical aspectsiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18451-1:2015INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18451-1:2015(E)Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders Terminology Part 1: General terms1 ScopeThis part of ISO 18451 defines terms that are used in the field of pigments, dyestuffs and ex

16、tenders.For some terms, reference is made to ISO 4618 in which also terms and definitions for colourants are given, relating to their use in coating materials.In addition to terms in English and French (two of the three official ISO languages), this part of ISO 18451 gives the equivalent terms in Ge

17、rman; these are published under the responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN). However, only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be considered as ISO terms and definitions.NOTE Those terms that are defined elsewhere in this part of ISO 18451 are shown in italics.2

18、 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1abrasivenessproperty of pigments (2.95) or extenders (2.34) and their preparations to cause wear at the used apparatus by mechanical action2.2aluminium pigmentpigment (2.95) consisting essentially o

19、f finely divided pure aluminium Al 99,5Note 1 to entry: The aluminium particles have lamellar form.2.3apparent density after tampingratio of mass to volume of a powder after compressing (e.g. by tamping or vibration) under specified conditions2.4baritenaturally occurring barium sulfate, BaSO42.5bind

20、er demandamount of a binder or binder solution that is required to obtain, under specified dispersion conditions, a mass of defined rheology2.6bismuth vanadate pigmentyellow inorganic pigment (2.95) consisting of bismuth vanadate with or without isomorphous inclusion of bismuth molybdate ISO 2015 Al

21、l rights reserved 1BS ISO 18451-1:2015ISO 18451-1:2015(E)2.7blanc fixebarium sulphatesynthetic barium sulphate, produced by a precipitation processNote 1 to entry: Naturally occurring barium sulfate is called barite (2.4).2.8bleedingmigration (2.76) of a colourant (2.19) from a material into another

22、 material being in contact with it2.9bloomingmigration (2.76) of a colourant (2.19) to the surface of the coloured material2.10cadmium pigmentinorganic coloured pigment consisting essentially of cadmium zinc sulphide (yellow pigments) or of mixed crystals of cadmium sulphide and cadmium selenide (re

23、d pigments)2.11calcined claycalcined aluminium silicatealuminium silicate (Al2O3 2SiO2), lamellar, mainly amorphous in structure as determined by X-ray diffraction, produced from natural clay by thermal dehydration, consisting partly of cristalline mullite 3(Al2O3 2SiO2)2.12 Calcite2.12.1calcitecrys

24、talline calcium carbonatecalcium carbonate of trigonal crystal structure2.12.2calcitecrystalline calcium carbonatedesignation for extenders (2.34) produced from calcareous spar of marble or for precipitated calcitic calcium carbonates2.13carbon blackpigment (2.95) synthetically produced by thermally

25、 oxidative cracking of aromatic oils and gasesNote 1 to entry: It is distinguished between carbon black and industrial carbon black.2.14ceramic decoration colourpreparation consisting of coloured or colourless glass powder and inorganic pigments (2.95) for coating of ceramics or glass by melting at

26、temperatures above 450 C2.15chalkingappearance of a loosely adherent fine powder (2.97) on the surface of a film or pigmented plastic arising from the degradation of the binder2.16chromadifference of a colour (2.20) from an achromatic colour of the same lightness2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO

27、18451-1:2015ISO 18451-1:2015(E)2.17chromium oxide pigmentinorganic coloured pigment consisting essentially of chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3) in the form of a dry powder2.18CIC-pigmentcoloured inorganic complex pigmentcoloured pigment, rutile or spinell based, produced by replacement of titanium in the

28、 rutile lattice or aluminium or magnesium in the spinel lattice through other atomsNote 1 to entry: Such pigments are incorrectly named mixed phase pigments.2.19colourantgeneric term for all colouring substancesNote 1 to entry: Colourants comprise pigments (2.95) which are insoluble in the medium as

29、 well as dyestuffs (2.30) which are soluble in the medium.Note 2 to entry: A pigment may contain the pure chemical substance and/or a surface treatment and/or additives.Note 3 to entry: A colourant may also contain traces of impurities, which may originate from raw materials and/or the production pr

30、ocesses.Note 4 to entry: In order to improve application properties, a colourant may contain additives.2.20coloursensation resulting from the visual perception of electromagnetic radiation of a given spectral compositionNote 1 to entry: The use of the German word “Farbe” alone, i.e. not in combinati

31、ons of words, for coating materials is to be rejected.Note 2 to entry: A colour is characterized by hue (2.49), saturation (2.105) or chroma (2.16), and lightness (2.65).Note 3 to entry: It is distinguished between chromatic and achromatic colours.2.21colour differencedifferences in lightness (2.65)

32、, chroma (2.16) and hue (2.49)Note 1 to entry: Colour differences, for example, occur between different specimens, between the same specimens but of different history and within a specimen inhomogeneous with regard to colour.2.22colour strength equivalentreciprocal of the relative tinting strength (

33、2.104) of a pigment (2.95)Note 1 to entry: It indicates how many parts of a sample are colouristically equivalent to 100 parts of a reference sample. In other words, the colour strength equivalent of a weaker pigment (2.95) is greater than 100.2.23 Compound2.23.1compoundmixture of pigments (2.95) an

34、d/or extenders (2.34), ready for use2.23.2compoundmoulding material, ready for use, containing all the colourants (2.19), extenders (2.34) and additives ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18451-1:2015ISO 18451-1:2015(E)2.24core pigmentpigment (2.95) the mostly inorganic core of which is enveloped

35、with one or more (mostly inorganic) substances so that its optical properties are hardly effected by the material of the shell but its application properties are improved2.25corrosion-inhibiting pigmentanticorrosive pigmentpigment (2.95) that inhibits or avoids, in priming coats on metals, the corro

36、sion of the metal surface, normally by chemical or physicochemical action2.26depth of shademeasure for the intensity of a colour perception that increases with increasing chroma (2.16) and decreases with increasing lightness (2.65)Note 1 to entry: Colourations having the same depth of shade appear t

37、o be prepared using the same concentrations of colourants having the same tinting strength (2.121).2.27dispersibilityproperty of a pigment (2.95) or extender (2.34) characterized by its ability to be wetted, separated and distributed in a mediumNote 1 to entry: The dispersibility depends on its wett

38、ability and on the number and strength of the adhering areas between the components of the agglomerates (2.93.3).Note 2 to entry: As a measure of the dispersibility under specified dispersion conditions, e.g. the speed of the tinting strength (2.121) development and/or the decrease of the fineness o

39、f grind (2.37) can be taken.2.28dispersingseparation of the agglomerates (2.93.3) of the pigment (2.95) or extender (2.34) powder into smaller particles agglomerates (2.93.3), aggregates (2.93.2) and primary particles (2.93.1) and their wetting by the medium at the same timeNote 1 to entry: Occasion

40、ally, separation of aggregates (2.93.2) and breaking, for example, of needle-shaped primary particles (2.93.1) also takes place. Furthermore, a statistically uniform distribution of the particles (2.93) formed in this way to all volume elements of the medium is a part of the dispersing process.2.29d

41、olomitenatural calcium magnesium carbonate containing between 1,18 and 1,23 parts by mass of CaCO3to 1 part by mass of MgCO32.30dyestuffcolourant (2.19), soluble in the application mediumNote 1 to entry: Colourants (2.19) for glass, ceramics and vitreous enamel that are dissolved in the glass phase

42、are also called “Lsungsfarben” in German language. In these cases, oxides of transition elements are used.Note 2 to entry: In German usage, in the pharmaceutical and foodstuffs fields, the term “Farbstoff” is used as a synonym for “colourant”.2.31earth pigmentpigment (2.95) produced from earths, e.g

43、. by classification, if necessary with additional thermal treatment4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18451-1:2015ISO 18451-1:2015(E)2.32effect pigmentplatelet-like pigment (2.95) that confers not only colour (2.20) but additional properties such as iridescence (interference at thin layers), angle

44、 dependency of colour (colour travel, colour flop, light-dark flop), or textureNote 1 to entry: See also metal effect pigment (2.72), nacreous pigment (2.78), interference pigment (2.51).2.33electro chromic pigmentpigment (2.95) which changes its colour (2.20) depending on the electric current or th

45、e voltage2.34extendersubstance in granular or powder form, insoluble in the medium (e.g. coating material) and used to modify or influence certain physical propertiesNote 1 to entry: The German terms “Extender”, “Extenderpigment”, “Pigmentextender” or “Verschnittmittel” should be avoided.Note 2 to e

46、ntry: Whether a given substance is to be considered as pigment (2.95) or extender depends on its application.2.35fastnessstability of the colour (2.20)Note 1 to entry: For characterization of the respective stress, the term fastness, e.g. of a coating, is used in word combinations such as light fast

47、ness, acid fastness, solvent fastness. The acid fastness, for example, of a coating is the stability of the colour (2.20) of the coating under the influence of acids.2.36final level of dispersionlevel of dispersion (2.62) when it has become constant under the defined conditionsNote 1 to entry: The f

48、inal level of dispersion of a pigment (2.95) depends on the binder system in which it is dispersed, on the dispersion process and on the composition of the milling base.2.37fineness of grindmeasure for the largest solid particles in a liquid matrixNote 1 to entry: The term fineness of grind is not t

49、o be confused with the term grain hardness.2.38floatingseparation of one or more pigments (2.95) from a coloured coating material, casing streaks or areas on the surface of the coating material2.39floodingseparation of the pigments (2.95) in a liquid coating giving rise to a colour (2.20) which, although uniform over the whole surface, is markedly different from that of the freshly applied wet film before drying/hardeningNote 1 to entry: See leafing (2.61).2.40food dyestuffsubstance that gives colour (2.20) to a foodstuff or restores th