BS ISO 18158-2016 Workplace air Terminology《工作场所空气 术语》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18158:2016Workplace air TerminologyBS ISO 18158:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18158:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/2, Work place atmospheres.A list of

2、 organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limi

3、ted 2016ISBN 978 0 580 80283 6 ICS 01.020; 13.040.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x

4、t a f f e c t e d ISO 2016Workplace air TerminologyQualit de lair TerminologieINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 18158First edition 2016-03-01Reference number ISO 18158:2016(E)BS ISO 18158:2016ISO 18158:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll r

5、ights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from

6、 either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 18158:2016ISO 18158:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scop

7、e . 12 Terms and definitions . 12.1 General terms 12.1.1 Agents 12.1.2 Air pollutants 12.1.3 Health-related fractions and conventions 22.1.4 Aerosols . 32.1.5 Exposure assessment . 52.1.6 Other terms 62.2 Terms related to the physical and chemical processes of workplace (air) sampling . 62.2.1 Workp

8、lace (air) sample 62.2.2 Workplace (air) sampler . 72.2.3 Workplace (air) sampling . 102.3 Terms related to the analytical method 122.4 Terms related to method performance . 142.4.1 Efficiency . 142.4.2 Uncertainty 142.4.3 General statistical terms 172.4.4 Other statistical terms 19Annex A (informat

9、ive) Alphabetical index of terms defined 20Annex B (informative) Additional terms .24Bibliography .28 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18158:2016ISO 18158:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies

10、 (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,

11、governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further mai

12、ntenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). At

13、tention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduct

14、ion and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to confo

15、rmity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Workplace atmospheres.iv

16、ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18158:2016ISO 18158:2016(E)IntroductionThe health of workers in many industries is at risk through exposure by inhalation of chemical and biological agents. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures

17、taken to control workers exposure and this is generally achieved by making workplace air measurements.Many terms that are commonly used in relation to workplace air measurements and exposure assessments are defined within individual standards or technical documents and are often defined differently

18、from one standard or document to the next. This creates ambiguities and inconsistencies in the use of such terms. This International Standard was developed to ensure that commonly used terms have agreed-upon definitions and to eliminate ambiguities and inconsistencies in their usage. It will be of b

19、enefit to agencies concerned with health and safety at work, industrial hygienists and other public health professionals, analytical laboratories, industrial users of metals and metalloids and their workers. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18158:2016BS ISO 18158:2016Workplace air Terminology1 S

20、copeThis International Standard specifies terms and definitions that are related to the assessment of workplace exposure (see 2.1.5.1) to chemical and biological agents (see 2.1.1.1). These are either general terms or are specific to physical and chemical processes of air sampling, the analytical me

21、thod (see 2.3.3), or method performance.The terms included are those that have been identified as being fundamental because their definition is necessary to avoid ambiguity and ensure consistency of use.This International Standard is applicable to all International Standards, ISO Technical Reports,

22、ISO Technical Specifications, and ISO Guides related to workplace atmospheres.2 Terms and definitions2.1 General terms 2.1.1 Agents2.1.1.1biological agentone of a number of agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and other micro-organisms or parts of them and their associated toxins, including those

23、 which have been genetically modified, cell cultures or endoparasites which are potentially hazardous to human healthNote 1 to entry: Dusts of organic origin, for example, cotton dust, flour dust and wood dust, are not considered to be biological agents and are therefore not covered by this definiti

24、on.SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.1.1, modified Added “one of a number of agents such as” to definition and changed “pollen” to “cotton dust”.2.1.1.2chemical agentchemical element or compound on its own or admixed as it occurs in the natural state or as produced, used, or released, including release as was

25、te, by any work activity, whether or not produced intentionally and whether or not placed on the marketSOURCE: Council Directive 98/24/EC, Art. 2 a2.1.2 Air pollutants2.1.2.1air pollutantmaterial emitted into the atmosphere either by human activity or natural processes and adversely affecting humans

26、 or the environmentSOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.2.1, modified Changed “man” to “humans”.2.1.2.2airborne dustfinely divided matter, in solid form, dispersed in airSOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.2.2INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18158:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18158:2016ISO 18158:2016(E)2.1.2.3airb

27、orne particlesfine matter, in solid or liquid form, dispersed in airSOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.2.3, modified Note 1 to entry deleted.2.1.2.4total airborne particlesairborne particles (2.1.2.3) present in a given volume of airSOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.2.6, modified Added “present” after “particles”.2.1.2.

28、5vapourgas phase of a substance in a state of equilibrium or disturbed equilibrium with the same substance in a liquid or solid state below its boiling or sublimation pointSOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.2.72.1.3 Health-related fractions and conventions2.1.3.1health-related fractionscollective term for the

29、fractions of airborne particles (2.1.2.3) penetrating to different regions of the respiratory tract, i.e. the inhalable, thoracic and respirable fractionsNote 1 to entry: The health-related fractions of airborne particles are specified in ISO 7708.SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.3.1, modified citation in No

30、te 1 to entry changed from EN 481 to ISO 7708.2.1.3.1.1inhalable fractionmass fraction of total airborne particles (2.1.2.4) which is inhaled through the nose and mouthNote 1 to entry: The inhalable fraction depends on the speed and direction of the air movement, on the rate of breathing and other f

31、actors.SOURCE: ISO 7708:1995, 2.32.1.3.1.2extrathoracic fractionmass fraction of total airborne particles (2.1.2.4) which fail to penetrate beyond the larynxSOURCE: ISO 7708:1995, 2.5, modified2.1.3.1.3thoracic fractionmass fraction of total airborne particles (2.1.2.4) which penetrate beyond the la

32、rynxSOURCE: ISO 7708:1995, 2.7, modified2.1.3.1.4respirable fractionmass fraction of total airborne particles (2.1.2.4) which penetrate to the unciliated airwaysSOURCE: ISO 7708:1995, 2.11, modified2.1.3.2sampling conventiontarget specification for sampling instruments for a specified airborne parti

33、culate fraction2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18158:2016ISO 18158:2016(E)2.1.3.2.1inhalable conventiontarget specification for sampling instruments when the inhalable fraction (2.1.3.1.1) is the fraction of interestSOURCE: ISO 7708:1995, 2.42.1.3.2.2extrathoracic conventiontarget specification

34、 for sampling instruments when the extrathoracic fraction (2.1.3.1.2) is the fraction of interestSOURCE: ISO 7708:1995, 2.6, modified “the fraction” added before “of interest” for consistency of wording.2.1.3.2.3thoracic conventiontarget specification for sampling instruments when the thoracic fract

35、ion (2.1.3.1.3) is the fraction of interestSOURCE: ISO 7708:1995, 2.8, modified “the fraction” added before “of interest” for consistency of wording.2.1.3.2.4respirable conventiontarget specification for sampling instruments when the respirable fraction (2.1.3.1.4) is the fraction of interestSOURCE:

36、 ISO 7708:1995, 2.12, modified “the fraction” added before “of interest” for consistency of wording.2.1.4 Aerosols2.1.4.1aerosolairborne particles (2.1.2.3) and the gas (and vapour) mixture in which they are suspendedNote 1 to entry: The airborne particles can be in or out of equilibrium with their

37、own vapours (2.1.2.5).SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.2.42.1.4.2bioaerosolaerosol (2.1.4.1) consisting of (a) biological agent(s) (2.1.1.1)Note 1 to entry: Airborne dusts (2.1.2.2) of organic origin, for example, cotton dust, flour dust and wood dust, are not considered to be bioaerosols and are therefore n

38、ot covered by this definition.SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.2.5, modified “pollen” changed to “cotton dust” in Note 1 to entry.2.1.4.3nanoaerosolaerosol (2.1.4.1) comprised of, or consisting of, nanoparticles (2.1.4.4) and nanostructured particles (2.1.4.5)SOURCE: ISO/TR 27628:2007, 2.112.1.4.4nanoparticl

39、ematerial with all three dimensions in the size range from approximately 1 nm to 100 nmSOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-4:2011, 2.1, 2.2, and 2.4, modified ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18158:2016ISO 18158:2016(E)2.1.4.5nanostructured particleparticle with structural features smaller than 100 nm, which c

40、an influence its physical, chemical and/or biological propertiesNote 1 to entry: A nanostructured particle can have a maximum dimension substantially larger than 100 nm.EXAMPLE A 500 nm diameter agglomerate (2.1.4.9) of nanoparticles (2.1.4.4) would be considered a nanostructured particle.SOURCE: IS

41、O/TR 27628:2007, 2.13, modified “may” changed to “can” in definition and Note 1 to entry.2.1.4.6ultrafine aerosolaerosol (2.1.4.1) consisting predominantly of ultrafine particles (2.1.4.7)Note 1 to entry: The term is often used in the context of particles produced as a by-product of a process (incid

42、ental particles), such as welding fume (B.2.2) and combustion fumeSOURCE: ISO/TR 27628:2007, 2.202.1.4.7ultrafine particleparticle with a nominal diameter (such as geometric, aerodynamic, mobility, projected-area or otherwise) of 100 nm or less, produced as a by-product of a process such as welding

43、and combustionSOURCE: ISO/TR 27628:2007, 2.21, modified Note 1 to entry moved to definition text.2.1.4.8particle aerodynamic diameteraerodynamic diameterdiameter of a sphere of 1 g cm-3density with the same terminal settling velocity in calm air as the particle, under the prevailing conditions of te

44、mperature, pressure and relative humidityNote 1 to entry: The particle aerodynamic diameter depends on the size, density and shape of the particle.Note 2 to entry: Aerodynamic diameter is related to the inertial properties of aerosol particles.SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.3.2, modified Note 2 to entry de

45、rived from ISO/TR 27628:2007, 2.2.2.1.4.9agglomerategroup of particles held together by relatively weak forces, including van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces and surface tensionSOURCE: ISO/TR 27628:2007, 2.4 modified Note 1 to entry deleted.2.1.4.10aggregateheterogeneous particle in which the

46、 various components are held together by relatively strong forces and thus not easily broken apartSOURCE: ISO/TR 27628:2007, 2.5, modified Note 1 to entry deleted.2.1.4.11coagulationformation of larger particles through the collision and subsequent adhesion of smaller particlesSOURCE: ISO/TR 27628:2

47、007, 2.64 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18158:2016ISO 18158:2016(E)2.1.4.12coalescenceformation of homogeneous particles through the collision of smaller liquid particles and subsequent merging or mixing of constituent materialSOURCE: ISO/TR 27628:2007, 2.7, modified “liquid” added.2.1.5 Exposu

48、re assessment2.1.5.1exposuresituation in which a chemical agent (2.1.1.2) or biological agent (2.1.1.1) is present in the air that is inhaled by a personSOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.4.1, modified “agent” added after “chemical” to facilitate cross-referencing.2.1.5.2dermal exposurecontact between a chemic

49、al agent (2.1.1.2) or biological agent (2.1.1.1) and human skinSOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.4.22.1.5.3time-weighted average concentrationTWA concentrationconcentration of a chemical agent (2.1.1.2) in the air, averaged over a reference period (2.1.5.7)SOURCE: ISO 21438-1:2007, 3.1.7, modified Replaced “atmosphere” with “air”.2.1.5.4occupational exposure limit valueOELVlimit of the time-weighted average of the concentration of a chemical agent (2.1.1.2) in th