BS EN ISO 80000-12-2013 Quantities and units - Solid state physics《量和单位 固体物理学》.pdf

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1、BS ISO80000-12:2009ICS 01.060NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDQuantities and unitsPart 12: Solid state physicsBS EN ISO 80000-12:2013Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproducti

2、on or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 80000-12:2013ISBN 978 0 580 79026 3Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments30 June 2013 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 80000-12:2009 as BS EN ISO 80000-12:2013This British Standard was published under the authori

3、ty of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2009 The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 80000-12:2013. It is identical to ISO 80000-12:2009. It supersedes BS ISO 80000-1

4、2:2009 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SS/7, General metrology, quantities, units and symbols.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.The publication does not purport to include

5、all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or netwo

6、rking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 80000-12 April 2013 ICS 01.060 English Version Quantities and units - Part 12: Solid state physics (ISO 80000-12:2009) Grandeurs et units - Partie 12: Physique de ltat solide (ISO 80000-12:2009) Gre

7、n und Einheiten - Teil 12: Festkrperphysik (ISO 80000-12:2009) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 March 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard wit

8、hout any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

9、 language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D

10、enmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMIT

11、TEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 80000-12:2013: ECopyright European

12、Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN ISO 80000-12:2013 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 80000-12:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 12 “Quantities and units” of the In

13、ternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 80000-12:2013. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2013, and conflicting national standards

14、 shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Intern

15、al Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ire

16、land, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 80000-12:2009 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 80000-12:2013 without any modification

17、. BS EN ISO 80000-12:2013EN ISO 80000-12:2013 (E)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 80000-12:2009ISO80000-12:2009(E) ISO2009All rights reserved iiiContents Pa

18、geForeword ivIntroduction. vi1Scope 12Normative references 13Names, symbols, and definitions . 1AnnexA(normative) Symbols for planes anddirections in crystals 28Bibliography . 29BS EN ISO 80000-12:2013ISO 80000-12:2009(E)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license

19、with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 80000-12:2009ISO80000-12:2009(E)iv ISO2009All rights reservedForewordISO (the International Organization forStandardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). Th

20、e work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each memberbody interested in a subject for which a technical committee has beenestablished has the right to be represented on that committee.International organizations,governmental andnon-governmen

21、tal, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC)on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part2.The main ta

22、sk of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodiescasting a vote.Attentionis

23、drawn tothe possibilitythat someof the elements of this documentmay bethe subjectofpatentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.International Standard ISO80000-12 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC12, Quantities and units, inco-operation with

24、IEC/TC25, Quantities and units, and their letter symbols.This first edition of ISO80000-12 cancels and replaces ISO31-13:1992. It also incorporates the AmendmentISO31-13:1992/Amd.1:1998. The major technical changes from the previous standard are the following:the presentation of numerical statements

25、 has been changed;the normative references have been changed.ISO80000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units: Part1:General Part2:Mathematical signs and symbols to be used in the natural sciences and technology Part3:Space and time Part4:Mechanics Part5:Thermod

26、ynamics Part7:Light Part8:Acoustics Part9:Physical chemistry and molecular physics Part10:Atomic and nuclearphysics Part11:Characteristic numbers Part12:Solid state physicsIEC80000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units: Part6:Electromagnetism Part13:Informatio

27、n science and technology Part14:Telebiometrics related to human physiologyBS EN ISO 80000-12:2013ISO 80000-12:2009(E)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 80000-

28、12:2009ISO80000-12:2009(E) ISO2009All rights reserved vIntroduction0.1 Arrangements of the tablesThe tables of quantities and units in this International Standard are arranged so that the quantities arepresented on the left-hand pages and the units on the corresponding right-hand pages.All units bet

29、ween two full lines onthe right-hand pages belong to the quantities between the corresponding fulllines on the left-hand pages.Where the numbering of an item has been changed inthe revision of a part of ISO31, the number inthepreceding edition is shown in parenthesison the left-hand page underthe ne

30、w number for thequantity; a dashisused to indicate that the item in question did not appear in the preceding edition.0.2 Tables of quantitiesThe names in English and in French of the most important quantities within the field of this InternationalStandard are given together with their symbols and, i

31、n most cases, their definitions. These names and symbolsare recommendations. The definitions are given foridentification of the quantities in the International System ofQuantities (ISQ), listed on the left-hand pages of the table; they are not intended to be complete.The scalar, vectorial or tensori

32、al character of quantities is pointed out, especially when this is needed for thedefinitions.In most cases only one name and only one symbol for the quantity are given; where two or more names or twoor moresymbols are given for one quantity and no special distinction ismade,they are on an equal foot

33、ing.When two types of italic letters exist (for example as with and ; and ; a and ; gand ), only oneof theseis given. This does not mean that the other isnot equally acceptable. It is recommended that such variantsshould not be given different meanings. A symbol within parentheses implies that it is

34、 areserve symbol, to beused when, in a particular context, the main symbol is in use with a different meaning.In this English edition, thequantity names in Frenchareprinted inan italic font, and are preceded byfr. Thegender of the French name is indicated by (m) for masculine and (f) for feminine, i

35、mmediately afterthe noun inthe French name.0.3 Tables of units0.3.1 GeneralThe names ofunits forthe corresponding quantitiesaregiven togetherwith the international symbols and thedefinitions.These unit names are language-dependent, but the symbols are international and the same in alllanguages. For

36、further information, see the SI Brochure (8thedition 2006) from BIPMandISO80000-11).The units are arranged in the following way:a) The coherent SI units are given first. The SI units have been adopted by the General Conference onWeights andMeasures(Confrence Gnraledes PoidsetMesures, CGPM). The use

37、ofcoherent SI units,1) To be published. agBS EN ISO 80000-12:2013ISO 80000-12:2009(E)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 80000-12:2009ISO80000-12:2009(E)vi ISO

38、2009All rights reservedand their decimal multiples and submultiplesformed with the SI prefixes, are recommended, although thedecimal multiples and submultiples are not explicitlymentioned.b) Some non-SI units are then given, being those accepted by the International Committee forWeights andMeasures(

39、Comit International des Poids et Mesures, CIPM),or bythe International Organization of LegalMetrology(Organisation Internationalede Mtrologie Lgale, OIML), or by ISO andIEC, for use with the SI.Suchunits are separated from the SI units in the item by use of a broken line between the SI units and the

40、other units.c) Non-SI units currently accepted by the CIPM for use with the SI are given in small print (smaller than the textsize) in the “Conversion factors and remarks” column.d) Non-SI units thatare not recommended are given only in annexes in some partsofthis InternationalStandard. These annexe

41、s are informative, in the first place for the conversion factors, and are not integralparts of the standard. These deprecated units are arranged in two groups:1) units in the CGS system with special names;2) units based on the foot, pound, second, and some other related units.e) Other non-SI units a

42、re given forinformation, especially regarding the conversion factors, in informativeannexesin some parts of this International Standard.0.3.2Remark on units for quantities of dimension one, or dimensionless quantitiesThe coherent unit for any quantity of dimension one, also called a dimensionless qu

43、antity, is the number one,symbol 1. When the value of such aquantity is expressed, the unit symbol 1 is generally not written outexplicitly.EXAMPLE1Refractive indexPrefixes shall not be used toformmultiples or submultiplesof this unit. Instead of prefixes, powers of10 arerecommended.EXAMPLE2Reynolds

44、 numberConsidering that plane angle is generally expressed as the ratio of two lengths and solid angle as the ratio oftwoareas, in 1995the CGPM specified that, in the SI, the radian, symbol rad, and steradian, symbol sr, aredimensionless derived units. This implies that the quantities plane angle an

45、d solid angle are considered asderived quantities of dimension one. The units radian and steradian are thus equal to one; they may either beomitted, or they may be used in expressions for derived units to facilitate distinction between quantities ofdifferent kinds but having the same dimension.0.4Nu

46、mericalstatements in this International StandardThe sign isused to denote “is exactly equal to”, the sign is used to denote “is approximately equal to”, andthe sign is used to denote “is by definition equal to”.Numerical values of physical quantities that have beenexperimentally determined always ha

47、ve an associatedmeasurement uncertainty. This uncertainty should always be specified. In this International Standard, themagnitude of the uncertainty isrepresented as in the following example.EXAMPLEIn this example, the numerical value of the uncertainty indicated in parentheses is assumed toapply t

48、o the last (and least significant) digits of the numerical value of the length . This notationisused whenrepresents the standard uncertainty (estimatedstandard deviation) inthe last digits of . The numericalexample given above may be interpreted to mean that the best estimateof thenumerical valueof

49、thelength whenis expressed inthe unit metre is and thatthe unknown value of isbelieved to lie betweenand with a probability determined by the standarduncertainty and the probability distribution of the values of .n = 1,531 = 1,53Re = 1,32103= :=l = 2,34782(32)ml = a(b)m bball 2,34782, l(2,347820,00032)m(2,34782+0,00032)m0,00032m lBS EN I