BS EN ISO 28803-2012 Ergonomics of the physical environment Application of international standards to people with special requirements《物理环境人类工效学 对有专门要求人群的国际标准应用》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 28803:2012Ergonomics of the physicalenvironment Applicationof international standardsto people with specialrequirements (ISO 28803:2012)BS EN ISO 28803:2012 BRITISH STA

2、NDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO28803:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/9/-/1, Ergonomics of the physical environment. A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to it

3、s secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 78617 4 ICS 13.180 Compliance with a British Standard ca

4、nnot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2012. Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 28803 March 2012

5、ICS 13.180 English Version Ergonomics of the physical environment - Application of international standards to people with special requirements (ISO 28803:2012) Ergonomie de lenvironnement physique - Application des Normes internationales aux personnes ayant des exigences particulires (ISO 28803:2012

6、) Ergonomie der physikalischen Umgebung - Anwendung Internationaler Normen fr Personen mit besonderen Bedrfnissen (ISO 28803:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 March 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for

7、 giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three

8、 official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodi

9、es of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and Un

10、ited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 28803:

11、2012: EBS EN ISO 28803:2012EN ISO 28803:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 28803:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be gi

12、ven the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this documen

13、t may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Aus

14、tria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United

15、Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 28803:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 28803:2012 without any modification. BS EN ISO 28803:2012ISO 28803:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13 Terms and definitions . 14

16、 General factors requiring consideration when designing or evaluating environments for people with special requirements . 25 Considerations related to design and evaluation of the thermal environment 35.1 Factors requiring special consideration for design and evaluation . 35.2 Moderate thermal envir

17、onments and people with special requirements . 45.3 Hot environments and people with special requirements . 55.4 Cold environments and people with special requirements . 65.5 Supporting standards for evaluation of thermal environments . 65.6 Thermal disabilities . 76 Considerations related to design

18、 and evaluation of the acoustic environment 96.1 General factors requiring consideration when designing and evaluating environments for people with special requirements . 96.2 ISO 7731, Ergonomics Danger signals for public and work areas Auditory danger signals 116.3 ISO 11429, Ergonomics System of

19、auditory and visual danger and information signals 126.4 ISO 9355-2, Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 2: Displays .126.5 ISO 9921, Ergonomics Assessment of speech communication 126.6 IEC 60268-16, Sound system equipment Part 16: Objective rating of speech

20、intelligibility by speech transmission index .137 Assessment of visual and lighting environments 137.1 General .137.2 Contrast sensitivity .147.3 ISO 8995, Lighting of indoor work places .147.4 Lighting for older people .148 Considerations related to air quality 149 Considerations related to assessm

21、ent of other environmental components 159.1 General .159.2 Vibration environments .159.3 Interaction of environmental components .1610 Environmental design and adaptive opportunity .16Bibliography .18BS EN ISO 28803:2012ISO 28803:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization

22、) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be repr

23、esented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are

24、 drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International

25、 Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 28803 was prepare

26、d by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of the physical environment.iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 28803:2012ISO 28803:2012(E)IntroductionThis is one of a series of International Standards concerned with the ergonomics of the physical environment. Thi

27、s International Standard complements others in the series concerned with specific components of the environment, such as thermal environments, acoustics, lighting or air quality, building upon them to allow an assessment of human response to the total environment. This International Standard is part

28、icularly concerned with extending the scopes of other International Standards see 5.2.2, 5.3.2 to 5.3.5, 5.4.2, 5.5, 6.2 to 6.6, 7.3 and 9.2 so that they can be applied to as wide a range of people as possible. The background information it provides on the responses and needs of groups of persons wi

29、th special requirements will contribute to accessible environmental designs that will complement other activities in the field of ergonomics.This International Standard includes a description of the range and variety of responses and adaptations to physical environments of people with special requir

30、ements, and the consequences for measuring and evaluating those environments. It considers the application of indices and methods for people with special requirements where health and safety, comfort and well-being are considerations. It provides a description of the nature of the particular charact

31、eristics of people with special requirements in the context of their responses to environments (e.g. restricted sensation, reduced perception or ability to respond). It is not a database of characteristics of people with special requirements, but uses data from ISO/TR 22411 to provide methods and cr

32、iteria that will in turn provide accessible environments. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 28803:2012BS EN ISO 28803:2012Ergonomics of the physical environment Application of International Standards to people with special requirements1 ScopeThis International Standard describes how Internatio

33、nal Standards concerned with the ergonomics of the physical environment can be applied for people with special requirements, who would otherwise be considered to be beyond the scope of those standards. It has been produced according to the principles of accessible design provided in ISO/IEC Guide 71

34、 and using the data provided in ISO/TR 22411.It is not restricted to any specific environment but provides the general principles that allow assessment and evaluation, and can contribute to the development of standards concerned with specific environments. It is applicable to built environments as w

35、ell as to other indoor, vehicle and outdoor environments. Nor is it restricted to specific environmental components; it includes assessment of acoustic environments, thermal environments, lighting, air quality and other environmental factors that could be considered to influence the health, comfort

36、and performance of people with special requirements in an environment.It is applicable to all occupants of such environments who can be considered to have special requirements. NOTE This will depend upon context and can, for example, include babies, infants, men or women, people with disabilities, o

37、lder or ill people. A person could have a special requirement in one type of environment but not in another.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, t

38、he latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 13731, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Vocabulary and symbols3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13731 and the following apply.3.1accessible designde

39、sign focussed on principles of extending standard design to people with some type of performance limitation to maximize the number of potential customers who can readily use a product, building or service which may be achieved by designing products, services and environments that are readily usable

40、by most users without any modification, making products or services adaptable to different users (adapting user interfaces), and having standardized interfaces to be compatible with special products for persons with disabilitiesNOTE 1 Terms such as design for all, barrier-free design, inclusive desi

41、gn and transgenerational design are used similarly but in different contexts.NOTE 2 Accessible design is a subset of universal design where products and environments are usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design.ISO/IEC Guide 71:2001

42、, definition 3.2INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28803:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 28803:2012ISO 28803:2012(E)3.2assistive technologytechnology that is used to increase, maintain or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities3.3assistive devicepiece of equipment, p

43、roduct system, hardware, software or service that is used to increase, maintain or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities3.4userperson who interacts with the product, service or environment3.5alternative formatdifferent realization or presentation which may make products an

44、d services accessible by the use of another modality or sensory ability3.6impairmentlimitation in body function or structure, such as a significant deviation or loss of capability, which can be temporary (for example, due to injury) or permanent (slight or severe and can fluctuate over time)EXAMPLE

45、Deterioration due to aging.3.7standarddocument, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given contextNOTE

46、 Standards should be based on the consolidated results of science, technology and experience, and aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits.ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004, definition 3.23.8international standardstandard that is adopted by an international standardizing/standards organization and ma

47、de available to the publicISO/IEC Guide 2:2004, definition 3.2.1.13.9International Standardinternational standard where the International Standards organization is ISO or IEC3.10adaptive opportunityopportunity for a person to alter the environment to which he or she is exposed by behavioural (move a

48、way, adjust posture, adjust clothing, etc.) or other means (open window, close door, adjust environmental controls etc.)4 General factors requiring consideration when designing or evaluating environments for people with special requirementsPeople with special requirements are people who generally fa

49、ll outside the scope of most International Standards. Standards for environmental design and assessment are often valid only for people with specific characteristics who are frequently referred to as “normal” or “typical”. Environmental design for a wider 2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 28803:2012ISO 28803:2012(E)population can require different conditions from those given in a standard, in order to provide comfort or avoid unacceptable stress on the body. NOTE Existing thermal International Standards cover a range of con