BS EN ISO 16133-2011 Soil quality Guidance on the establishment and maintenance of monitoring programmes《土壤质量 监测程序的建立和维护指南》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 16133:2011Soil quality Guidanceon the establishment andmaintenance of monitoringprogrammes (ISO 16133:2004)BS EN ISO 16133:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis Br

2、itish Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 16133:2011. It is identical to ISO 16133:2004.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publi

3、cation does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 73154 9 ICS 13.080.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under t

4、he authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 16133 June 2011 ICS 13.080.01 English Version Soil quality - Guidance on the establishment and maintenan

5、ce of monitoring programmes (ISO 16133:2004) Qualit du sol - Lignes directrices pour ltablissement et lentretien de programmes de surveillance (ISO 16133:2004) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Leitfaden zur Einrichtung und zum Betrieb von Beobachtungsprogrammen (ISO 16133:2004)This European Standard was approv

6、ed by CEN on 10 June 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national sta

7、ndards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and

8、notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lith

9、uania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011

10、CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16133:2011: EBS EN ISO 16133:2011EN ISO 16133:2011 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 16133:2004 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the Internationa

11、l Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 16133:2011 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical

12、text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held res

13、ponsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Fin

14、land, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16133:2004 has been approved by CEN as a EN

15、 ISO 16133:2011 without any modification. BS EN ISO 16133:2011ISO 16133:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Monitoring objectives. 3 3.1 General. 3 3.2 Examples of monitoring purposes 4 4 Monitoring programme. 4 4.1

16、General considerations 4 4.2 Elements of a monitoring programme 5 4.2.1 Status of the monitoring sites . 5 4.2.2 Changes at the monitoring sites . 5 4.2.3 Interpretation of status and changes 6 4.2.4 Selection of sites. 6 4.3 Sampling and measurement 7 4.3.1 General. 7 4.3.2 Site design and identifi

17、cation 7 4.3.3 Soil and site description. 7 4.3.4 Sampling 7 4.3.5 Field and laboratory measurements . 7 4.3.6 Specimen banking 7 4.3.7 Time interval between samplings 8 5 Data quality and quantity . 8 Annex A (informative) Examples of monitoring programmes . 9 Bibliography . 33 BS EN ISO 16133:2011

18、ISO 16133:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each

19、member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International

20、 Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards

21、adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

22、patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16133 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 7, Soil and site assessment. BS EN ISO 16133:2011ISO 16133:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vIntroduction Monito

23、ring is the process of repetitive observation, for defined purposes, of one or more components of the environment according to pre-arranged schedules in space and time using comparable methods for environmental sensing and data collection (see reference 1 in the Bibliography). Monitoring schemes are

24、 used all over the world for a large number of purposes. Soil monitoring, particularly, is a long-term undertaking. The quality and the utility of the information from the monitoring is to a large degree determined by the choice of monitoring sites and by their maintenance over the years, and by app

25、ropriate quality control at all stages of the process. Monitoring associated with industrial (contaminated) sites can involve many specific considerations, including legal requirements. The guidance in this International Standard is not designed or intended to cover such situations. BS EN ISO 16133:

26、2011BS EN ISO 16133:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16133:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Soil quality Guidance on the establishment and maintenance of monitoring programmes 1 Scope This International Standard gives general guidance on the selection of procedures for the establishment and maint

27、enance of programmes for long-term monitoring of soil quality. It takes into account the large number of objectives for soil-monitoring programmes. This International Standard is intended to help provide a basis for dialogue between parties which might be involved in a monitoring scheme. Examples of

28、 soil-monitoring programmes from several countries are provided in Annex A. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 accumulation increase of the concentration of a substance in soil due to substance input being larger than substance o

29、utput NOTE Adapted from ISO 11074-1:1996 2.2 anthropogenic influence changes in soil properties caused by human activities ISO 11074-1:1996 2.3 background concentration natural pedogeochemical content geogeneous or pedogeneous average concentration of a substance in an examined soil ISO 11074-1:1996

30、 2.4 diffuse source input non-point source input input of a substance emitted from moving sources, from sources with a large area or from many sources NOTE 1 The sources can be cars, application of substances through agricultural practices, emissions from town or region, deposition of sediment throu

31、gh flooding of a river. NOTE 2 Diffuse source input usually leads to sites that are relatively uniformly contaminated. At some sites, the input conditions may nevertheless cause a higher local input near the source or where atmospheric deposition/rain is increased. ISO 11074-1:1996 BS EN ISO 16133:2

32、011ISO 16133:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved2.5 leaching movement of dissolved substances caused by the movement of water or other liquids in the soil ISO 11074-1:1996 2.6 locally contaminated site site with discrete areas of high concentrations of substances hazardous to soil NOTE The extent

33、 of contamination is usually small and the gradient of concentration within the site is steep. ISO 11074-1:1996 2.7 monitoring process of repetitive observation, for defined purposes, of one or more elements of the environment according to pre-arranged schedules in space and time using comparable me

34、thods for environmental sensing and data collection 2.8 monitoring site area in which investigations will take place NOTE Areas which are relatively homogeneous are usually chosen. 2.9 point-source input input of a substance from a stationary discrete source of definite size NOTE 1 The sources can b

35、e stack emissions, accidental spills, waste dumps, spills on industrial sites, major leaks from sewers and other pipelines. NOTE 2 Point-source input can cause both locally contaminated sites and relatively uniformly contaminated sites. ISO 11074-1:1996 2.10 risk assessment assessment of damaging ef

36、fects of a polluted site on man and the environment with respect to their nature, extent and probability of occurrence ISO 11074-1:1996 2.11 sample portion of material selected from a large quantity of material ISO 11074-2:1998 2.12 sampling process of drawing or constituting a sample ISO 3534-1:199

37、3 BS EN ISO 16133:2011ISO 16133:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3NOTE For the purpose of soil investigation, “sampling” also relates to selection of locations for the purpose of in situ testing carried out in the field without removal of material. ISO 11074-2:1998 2.13 sampling point location w

38、ithin the monitoring site at which physical sampling takes place 2.14 sampling procedure operational requirements and/or instructions relating to the use of a particular sampling plan ISO 11074-2:1998 2.15 soil damage alteration of soil properties which cause negative effects on one or more soil fun

39、ctions, human health or environment ISO 11074-1:1996 2.16 substance input movement of a substance from another environmental compartment into a soil ISO 11074-1:1996 2.17 substance output movement of a substance from the soil into another environmental compartment ISO 11074-1:1996 2.18 uniformly con

40、taminated site site with a generally uniform concentration of a substance hazardous to soil NOTE The extent of the contamination is usually large and the gradient of concentration within the site is rather shallow. ISO 11074-1:1996 3 Monitoring objectives 3.1 General Monitoring is an important tool

41、for the early detection of environmental impact on soil and soil processes. It thus has a major role in the prevention or minimization of environmental damage or the detection of environmental improvement. By the early detection of environmental impact, or the potential for such impact, a monitoring

42、 programme could help to reduce or remove the costs of reaching or maintaining a given level of environmental management, protection or quality. Monitoring programmes can also be used to evaluate the outcome of environmental policies, to assist in the development of strategies for soil protection an

43、d environment management. They can also serve as research BS EN ISO 16133:2011ISO 16133:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reservedplatforms for the development and validation of field and analytical methods and of models of soil and related environmental processes. The range of purposes for which soil-m

44、onitoring programmes can be designed encompasses such a vast range of time scales, variables and processes that it is not possible to give specific guidance on the design of a monitoring programme to meet all the objectives which might be covered by this diversity. The selection of sites, sampling s

45、chemes, etc. should be made from a consideration of the specific objectives of the particular monitoring programme. This International Standard identifies the principles underlying such programmes. 3.2 Examples of monitoring purposes The following list gives some examples of monitoring purposes: sho

46、rt-, intermediate- and long-term environmental impacts varying in magnitude, importance, duration and probability; changes in chemical, biological and physical soil properties (e.g. pH, adsorption processes, toxic element accumulation, radiation, compaction, erosion) and the dynamics of changes in s

47、uch properties; effects of human impacts; differentiation of human impacts from inter-annual variability and longer-term climate change; differentiation of local contamination from long-range transport; evaluation of productivity; assessment of biological diversity; input of elements into the soil e

48、nvironment and output of elements from the soil environment; transport processes in the soil profile (gases; particles; elements or compounds in solution); calculations of elements uptake and retention by particular components of the ecosystem. 4 Monitoring programme 4.1 General considerations It is

49、 generally not feasible to monitor all variables at all locations. Wherever possible, consideration should be given to the monitoring of soil properties which, as well as being of specific interest themselves, might also act as a surrogate for some property or process which is otherwise difficult, time consuming or expensive to measure directly. For example, soil pH and clay content (a potential surrogate for soil hydrological behaviour) might act as factors for ranking pollutant mobility. It wil