BS EN ISO 12777-3-2002 Methods of test for pallet joints Determination of strength of pallet joints《托盘连接件的试验方法 托盘连接件强度的测定》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 12777-3:2002 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 Methods of test for pallet joints Part 3: Determination of strength of pallet joints The European Standard EN ISO 12777-3:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 55.180.20 BS EN ISO 12777-3:2002 This British Standard, havi

2、ng been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 20 December 2002 BSI 24 February 2003 ISBN 0 580 41007 2 National foreword This British Standard is the

3、 official English language version of EN ISO 12777-3:2002. It is identical with ISO 12777-3:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PKW/5, Primary and transport packaging, to Subcommittee PKW/5/34, Pallets, which has the responsibility to: A list of organiz

4、ations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Corres

5、pondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not o

6、f itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments

7、 and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 12, the Annex ZA page and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document ind

8、icates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 14381 Corrigendum No. 1 24 February 2003 Correction to EN ISO foreword page and addition of Annex ZA pageEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM ENISO127773 December2002 ICS55.180.20 Englishve

9、rsion MethodsoftestforpalletjointsPart3:Determinationof strengthofpalletjoints(ISO127773:2002) MthodesdessaidesassemblagesdepalettesPartie3: Dterminationdelarsistancedesassemblagesde palettes(ISO127773:2002) PrfungenvonVerbindungenanPalettenTeil3: BestimmungderFestigkeitderPalettenverbindung(ISO 127

10、773:2002) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon15November2002. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational s

11、tandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe off

12、icial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION E

13、UROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2002CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.ENISO127773:2002ECORRECTED20030205 Foreword Thisdocument(ENISO127773:2002)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC51 “Pallet

14、sforunitloadmethodofmaterialshandling“incollaborationwithTechnicalCommittee CEN/TC261“Packagings“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyAFNOR. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationof anidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyJune2003,andconflictingnational standar

15、dsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyJune2003. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsof thefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Czech Republic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg, Malta,Netherla

16、nds,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom. Endorsementnotice ThetextofISO127773:2002hasbeenapprovedbyCENasENISO127773:2002withoutany modifications. NOTENormativereferencestoInternationalStandardsarelistedinAnnexZA(normative). ENISO127773:2002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12777-3 F

17、irst edition 2002-12-01 Reference number ISO 12777-3:2002(E) Methods of test for pallet joints Part 3: Determination of strength of pallet joints Mthodes dessai des assemblages de palettes Partie 3: Dtermination de la rsistance des assemblages de palettesENISO127773:2002ENISO127773:2002iiOSI -777212

18、002:3)E( ISO 2002 r llAithgs reservde iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member

19、body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electr

20、otechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.

21、Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 12777 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all

22、 such patent rights. International Standard ISO 12777-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 51, Pallets for unit load method of materials handling. ISO 12777 consists of the following parts, under the general title Methods of test for pallet joints: Part 1: Determination of bending resistance

23、 of pallet nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples Part 2: Determination of withdrawal and head pull-through resistance of pallet nails and staples Part 3: Determination of strength of pallet joints ENISO127773:2002iiiISO -77721:3)E(2002 vi ISO 2002 Ar llithgr seresvde Introduction This part o

24、f ISO 12777 was developed using methods that enable the user to select from a range of tests that best fits the particular problem or area of the pallet under analysis. Some are suitable for routine quality control and some are designed for laboratory use. Where characteristics of wood used in palle

25、t joints are required then ISO 3133 and related standards as given in clause 2 may be used. In general the tests if used as routine quality control tests only require the measurement of ultimate load, while if the tests are undertaken as prototype tests in a laboratory, then they also require measur

26、ement of deflection or distortion in the joint plotted during the application of the load. ENISO127773:2002ivANRETNIITOTS LANDNADRA OSI -777212002:3)E( ISO 2002 r llAithgs reservde 1 Methods of test for pallet joints Part 3: Determination of strength of pallet joints 1 Scope This part of ISO 12777 s

27、pecifies methods of determining the resistance of pallet joints primarily to static load by determining the strength and stiffness of nailed or stapled joints, wood to wood, wood to wood-based materials, wood to plastics or plastics to plastics. This part of ISO 12777 is applicable to joints with al

28、l types of nails up to in diameter (including plain shank, helical, annular ring, barbed and twisted) and with staples. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 12777. For dated refere

29、nces, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12777 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated reference

30、s, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 445:1996, Pallets for materials handling Vocabulary ISO 1133:1997, Plastics Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and the melt volum

31、e-flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastics ISO 1183:1987, Plastics Methods for determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plastics ISO 3130:1975, Wood Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests ISO 3131:1975, Wood Determination of density for physical and mechanic

32、al tests ISO 3133:1975, Wood Determination of ultimate strength in static bending ISO 8611-1: 1) , Pallets for materials handling Flat pallets Part 1: Test methods ISO/TR 11444:1995, Quality of sawn wood used for the construction of pallets ISO 12777-1:1994, Methods of test for pallet joints Part 1:

33、 Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples ISO 12777-2:2000, Methods of test for pallet joints Part 2: Determination of withdrawal and head pull-through resistance of pallet nails and staples 1) To be published. 7mm ENISO127773:20021ISO -77721:3)E(20

34、02 2 ISO 2002 Ar llithgr seresvde 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 12777, the terms and definitions given in ISO 445 apply. 4 Requirements for testing of joints 4.1 Fasteners Prior to the assembly of any joints made with nails or staples, the nail bending strength shall b

35、e determined in accordance with ISO 12777-1. 4.2 Timber 4.2.1 Selection The timber shall either be selected in accordance with the pallet specification, or the test pieces shall be cut from pallets manufactured for eventual mass production, or a laboratory type specimen made using clear straight gra

36、in wood. 4.2.2 Comparative laboratory tests For comparative tests on different types of nails or staples, these shall be driven into wood of carefully balanced density and grain structure in laboratory prepared specimens. NOTE Samples from the same board may achieve this balance of density and grain

37、 structure. 4.2.3 Joints Joints shall be cut so that areas into which the fasteners are embedded are free from knots, local grain disturbance, fissures and wane. Elsewhere the specimens shall be free from major defects which could lead to unrepresentative failure in the timber. 4.2.4 Moisture conten

38、t 4.2.4.1 General For quality control tests the moisture content shall be as per pallet specification after noting the requirements for tolerances of 5.2. 4.2.4.2 Method of measuring moisture content For laboratory tests, the moisture content of the timber shall be determined using the “oven dry met

39、hod” in accordance with ISO 3130, and its density in accordance with ISO 3131. NOTE Moisture content may be determined by electrical resistance as described in EN 13183-2. 4.2.4.3 Genus and species For laboratory tests, the identity of the genus and where possible the species shall be confirmed by a

40、natomical examination. Where this cannot be done at the time of test, then a sample shall be retained for examination later. ENISO127773:20022OSI -777212002:3)E( ISO 2002 r llAithgs reservde 3 4.2.5 Conditioning Timber shall be conditioned and tested at , and as required in 5.1.1. 4.3 Wood-based she

41、et materials 4.3.1 Properties Species mix, resin content, veneer or particle size, dimensional stability, density, moisture content and other properties which will effect the test result shall be determined. These are typically available from the manufacturer or supplier or specification of the prod

42、uct. 4.3.2 Conditioning The specimens shall be tested at a temperature of . 4.4 Plastics and plastic-based material 4.4.1 Density If the material is not of uniform density or if it exhibits grain effects, this shall be recorded, and separate tests conducted to measure the effect of such anisotropici

43、ty. Density shall be measured in accordance with ISO 1183. 4.4.2 Melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and melt volume-flow rate (MVR) Plastics shall have their melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and melt volume-flow rate (MVR) recorded in accordance with ISO 1133. 4.4.3 Conditioning Test specimens shall be conditioned

44、and tested at and . 5 Sampling 5.1 Test specimens 5.1.1 General There shall be a sufficiently large number of test specimens to permit statistical treatment of the results. A sample of 20 shall be considered a minimum for each type of wood joint where wood component sizes and fasteners do not change

45、. The condition used shall be stated in the test report. 5.1.2 Wood Wood specimens shall not be withdrawn from environmentally controlled conditions for longer than before testing. Specimens may be stored out of controlled conditions in the test area for up to provided they are wrapped in polyethyle

46、ne sheeting. 23 C 2 C 23 C 2 C + 40 C 3 C 20 C 3 C 1h 24 h ENISO127773:20023ISO -77721:3)E(2002 4 ISO 2002 Ar llithgr seresvde 5.1.3 Plastics For plastics, assemble test specimens at . Plastics not undergoing high or low temperature conditioning (as given in 4.4.3) shall be maintained at all times w

47、ithin the band . 5.2 Preparation The preparation of samples and testing of wood or wood based materials shall take into account the following factors: a) assembly of test joints shall be at or above the highest moisture content expected at the time of pallet assembly; b) the testing shall take place

48、 at the appropriate moisture level selected from one of the following target levels: over (above fibre saturation point), (frequent pallet specification level), , . 5.3 Rate of loading Unless otherwise stated, maximum test loads shall be applied at the rate of between and . When the rate of loading is controll