BS EN ISO 5577-2017 Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Vocabulary《无损检验 超声波试验 词汇》.pdf

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1、BS EN ISO 5577:2017Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Vocabulary (ISO 5577:2017)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN ISO 5577:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 5577:2017. It superse

2、des BS EN 1330-4:2010 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the

3、 necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 83384 7 ICS 01.040.19; 19.100 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Bri

4、tish Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 5577 February 2017 ICS 01.040.19; 19.100 Supersedes EN

5、 1330-4:2010English Version Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Vocabulary (ISO 5577:2017) Essais non destructif - Contrle par ultrasons - Vocabulaire (ISO 5577:2017) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Ultraschallprfung - Terminologie (ISO 5577:2017) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28

6、 December 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may

7、be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to

8、 the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,

9、Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Ma

10、nagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 5577:2017 EBS EN ISO 5577:2017EN ISO 5577:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 5577:2017) has been prepared b

11、y Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or

12、by endorsement, at the latest by August 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for

13、 identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1330-4:2010. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Re

14、public, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kin

15、gdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 5577:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 5577:2017 without any modification. BS EN ISO 5577:2017ISO 5577:2017(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms related to frequencies, waves and pulses . 13.1 Frequencies 13.2 Waves and pulses 23.3 Ty

16、pes of waves 44 Terms related to sound 54.1 Sound generation and reception . 54.2 Sound propagation 64.3 Loss of sound pressure 94.4 Sound waves at interfaces . 95 Terms related to test equipment 125.1 Instrument . 125.2 Probes 155.3 Combined equipment . 205.4 Calibration, reference and test blocks

17、216 Terms related to ultrasonic testing 226.1 Testing techniques 226.2 Test object 266.3 Coupling . 286.4 Reflectors 286.5 Signals and indications . 296.6 Presentations . 316.7 Location 356.8 Evaluation of indications . 36Bibliography .38 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 5577:2

18、017ISO 5577:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a sub

19、ject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (I

20、EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be

21、noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi

22、fying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the conven

23、ience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see th

24、e following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.ISO 5577 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, in collaboration with ISO Technical Committee TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 3, Ultrasonic testing,

25、 in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5577:2000), which has been technically revised with changes to terms and definitions and structure.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN IS

26、O 5577:2017INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5577:2017(E)Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Vocabulary1 ScopeThis document defines the terms used in ultrasonic non-destructive testing and forms a common basis for standards and general use. This document does not cover terms used in ultrasonic testi

27、ng with phased arrays.NOTE Terms for phased array ultrasonic testing are defined in EN 16018.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this document.3 Terms related to frequencies, waves and pulsesFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in this clause and

28、those given in Clauses 4, 5 and 6 for sound, test equipment and ultrasonic testing apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h

29、 t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp3.1 Frequencies3.1.1frequencynumber of cycles per secondNote 1 to entry: Expressed in Hertz (Hz).3.1.2nominal frequencyprobe frequencyfrequency (3.1.1) of the probe (5.2.1) as stated by the manufacturer3.1.3test frequencyeffective ultrasonic frequency of a system used to

30、test a material or object3.1.4frequency spectrumdistribution of amplitude (3.2.2) in relation to frequency (3.1.1)Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.3.1.5centre frequencyarithmetic mean of the cut-off frequenciesNote 1 to entry: See Figure 1. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 5577:2017ISO 5577:2017

31、(E)3.1.6peak frequencyfrequency (3.1.1) at which the maximum amplitude is observedNote 1 to entry: See Figure 1.3.1.7cut-off frequencyfrequency (3.1.1) at which the amplitude (3.2.2) of transmitted signal has dropped by a specified amount from the amplitude at peak frequency (3.1.6), for example, by

32、 3 dBNote 1 to entry: See Figure 1.3.1.8bandwidthwidth of the frequency spectrum (3.1.4) between the upper and lower cut-off frequencyNote 1 to entry: See Figure 1.3.1.9relative bandwidthratio of the bandwidth (3.1.8) to the centre frequency (3.1.5), in per centKeyX frequency 4 centre frequencyY amp

33、litude 5 bandwidth at specified amplitude drop1 peak frequency 6 peak amplitude2 upper cut-off frequency 7 specified amplitude drop3 lower cut-off frequency Figure 1 Terms related to frequency and bandwidth3.2 Waves and pulses3.2.1ultrasonic waveany acoustic wave having a frequency (3.1.1) higher th

34、an the audible range of the human ear, generally taken as higher than 20 kHz2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 5577:2017ISO 5577:2017(E)3.2.2amplitudeabsolute or relative measure of a sound waves magnitude3.2.3phasemomentary condition of a vibration expressed as an arc measurement or an angle3.

35、2.4wavelengthdistance between consecutive corresponding points of the same phase (3.2.3)Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.3.2.5wavefrontcontinuous surface joining all the most forward points of a wave that have the same phase (3.2.3)3.2.6time-of-flightTOFtime it takes an ultrasonic pulse to travel from

36、the transmitter probe through the test object to the receiver probe3.2.7pulseelectrical or ultrasonic signal of short duration3.2.8pulse amplitudemaximum amplitude of a pulse (3.2.7) (peak-to-peak)Note 1 to entry: For rectified pulses (A-scan), baseline-to-peak.3.2.9pulse rise timetime taken for a p

37、ulse amplitude (3.2.8) to change between two defined levels3.2.10pulse durationtime interval between the leading and trailing edges of a pulse (3.2.7) measured at a defined level below the peak amplitude3.2.11pulse shapediagramatic representation of the amplitude (3.2.2) of a pulse (3.2.7) as a func

38、tion of time3.2.12pulse envelopecontour of a pulse shape (3.2.11) including all the peaks in terms of amplitude (3.2.2) and time3.2.13pulse energytotal energy within a pulse (3.2.7)3.2.14pulse reverberationundesirable vibration at the beginning and end of a pulse (3.2.7) above a defined level3.2.15b

39、road-band pulsepulse (3.2.7) in which the relative bandwidth (3.1.9) is 65 % ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 5577:2017ISO 5577:2017(E)3.2.16medium-band pulsepulse (3.2.7) in which the relative bandwidth (3.1.9) is 35 % and 65 %3.2.17narrow-band pulsepulse (3.2.7) in which the relative bandwi

40、dth (3.1.9) is 35 %3.2.18pulse repetition frequencyPRFnumber of pulses (3.2.7) generated per second, expressed in Hertz (Hz)3.3 Types of waves3.3.1longitudinal wavecompressional wavewave in which the direction of displacement of particles is in the same direction as the propagation of the waveNote 1

41、 to entry: See Figure 2 a).3.3.2transverse waveshear wavewave in which the direction of displacement of particles is perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of the waveNote 1 to entry: See Figure 2 b).3.3.3surface waveRayleigh wavewave which propagates on the surface of a material with an

42、effective penetration depth of less than one wavelength (3.2.4)3.3.4creeping wavewave generated at the first critical angle (4.4.11) of incidence and propagated along the surface as a longitudinal wave (3.3.1)Note 1 to entry: It is not influenced by the test objects surface conditions, nor does the

43、beam follow undulations on the surface.3.3.5plate waveLamb wavewave which propagates within the whole thickness of a plate and which can only be generated at particular values of angle of incidence, frequency (3.1.1) and plate thickness3.3.6plane wavewave with a planar wave front3.3.7cylindrical wav

44、ewave with a cylindrical wave front4 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 5577:2017ISO 5577:2017(E)3.3.8spherical wavewave with a spherical wave fronta) Longitudinal wave; compressional waveb) Transverse wave; shear waveKey1 direction of oscillation2 direction of propagation wavelengthFigure 2 Type

45、s of waves4 Terms related to sound4.1 Sound generation and reception4.1.1transduceractive element of a probe (5.2.1) which converts electrical energy into sound energy and vice versa4.1.2piezo-electric transducertransducer (4.1.1) made from piezo-electric material4.1.3composite transducerplate consi

46、sting of piezo-electric ceramic rods embedded in a polymer matrix ISO 2017 All rights reserved 5BS EN ISO 5577:2017ISO 5577:2017(E)4.1.4electro-magnetic acoustic transducerEMATtransducer (4.1.1) which uses magnetostriction or Lorentz force to generate ultrasound in paramagnetic materials4.1.5focusin

47、g transducerpiezo-electric transducer (4.1.2) having at least one curved surface, used for focusing the sound beam (4.2.2)4.2 Sound propagation4.2.1sound fieldthree-dimensional pressure distribution produced by transmitted sound energy4.2.2sound beamultrasonic beampart of the sound field (4.2.1) wit

48、hin which the major part of the ultrasonic energy is transmitted4.2.3beam axisline through the points of maximum sound pressure at different distancesNote 1 to entry: See Figures 3 b), 8, 9, 10 and 11.4.2.4beam profilecurve which shows the signal amplitude along the beam axis (4.2.3) or perpendicula

49、r to the beam axis at a defined distance from the probe (5.2.1)Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.a) Profile along the beam axis6 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 5577:2017ISO 5577:2017(E)b) Profiles perpendicular to the beam axisKey1 transducer 0angle of divergence (drop to zero)2 beam boundary a distance3 beam axis N near-field length4 beam width at a given distance P sound pressureFigure 3 Beam profiles4.2.5beam boundaryboundary of the ultrasonic beam where the sound pressure has fallen to a given fraction of the value on