BS EN ISO 4534-2010 Vitreous and porcelain enamels Determination of fluidity behaviour Fusion flow test《釉瓷和搪瓷 流动性测试 熔流法》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 4534:2010Vitreous and porcelain enamels Determination of fluiditybehaviour Fusion flow test(ISO 4534:2010)Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2

2、011 03:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 4534:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 4534:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee STI/36, Vitreous enamel coatings.A list of organizations represente

3、d on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 61766 9ICS 25.220.50Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunit

4、y fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 03:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUR

5、OPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 4534 December 2010 ICS 25.220.50 English Version Vitreous and porcelain enamels - Determination of fluidity behaviour - Fusion flow test (ISO 4534:2010) maux vitrifis - Dtermination du comportement de fluidit - Essai dcoulement (ISO 4534:2010) Em

6、ails und Emaillierungen - Prfung des Flieverhaltens - Ablaufversuch (ISO 4534:2010) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of

7、 a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German)

8、. A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, C

9、yprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

10、 COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 4534:2010: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA ST

11、ANDARDS, 18/04/2011 03:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 4534:2010EN ISO 4534:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 4534:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and othe

12、r inorganic coatings” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Jun

13、e 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards orga

14、nizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Po

15、rtugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 4534:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 4534:2010 without any modification. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 03:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c

16、) BSIBS EN ISO 4534:2010ISO 4534:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO tec

17、hnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closel

18、y with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft

19、International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this documen

20、t may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4534 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other inorganic coatings. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4534:1980), which ha

21、s been technically revised. The revised edition allows for the use of flow plates, other than unglazed ceramic tiles, such as enamelled steel or cast iron which is common practice in some countries. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 03:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS

22、 EN ISO 4534:2010ISO 4534:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedIntroduction The fusion flow test specified in this International Standard is a comparative method which can be carried out with simplified equipment to provide data on the fluidity behaviour of molten enamel. The results from this tes

23、t allow conclusions on the flow properties of the enamel to be inferred in a much simpler manner than is possible from the results of the much more expensive measurements made using the usual viscosity- measuring instruments. The results of extensive tests1)have shown that there is a well-defined re

24、lationship between the results of the flow test and the viscosity-temperature curve, so that the flow test could also be used as an absolute method. However, more effort would be required to enable the various laboratories to obtain comparable results of similar quality than when using the method fo

25、r comparative purposes. When using this method, the reference (comparison) enamel must be similar to the enamel to be tested, as the fluidity behaviour of the various types of enamel might vary considerably from one type to another. 1) Dekker, P. Calculation of viscosity-temperature curves for porce

26、lain enamels from the flow-button test. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 48 (1965), 6, pp. 319 to 327. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 03:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 4534:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4534:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1V

27、itreous and porcelain enamels Determination of fluidity behaviour Fusion flow test WARNING This International Standard calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate safety measures are not taken. This International Standard does not address any health

28、hazards, safety or environmental matters associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this International Standard to establish appropriate health, safety and environmentally acceptable practices and take suitable actions for any national and international regulations. Compliance

29、with this International Standard does not in itself confer immunity from legal obligations. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a comparative method of determining the fluidity behaviour of vitreous and porcelain enamels in the viscous condition during firing. It is not intended for use as

30、 an absolute method. 2 Principle The test samples are dried or wet-ground in accordance with the processing conditions. Cylindrical specimens of specified mass are pressed from the enamel powder, or the dried enamel slip, and from the reference enamel agreed upon between the parties concerned. The t

31、est specimens are placed in a laboratory furnace at an agreed temperature on an unglazed ceramic tile in the horizontal position and melted to hemispherical shape. The tile is tilted to permit the enamel to flow at a specified angle and for an agreed time period. The length flow number, Fl, and the

32、breadth flow number, Fb, are calculated on the basis of the flow lengths and flow breadths of the test specimens. 3 Material and apparatus 3.1 Reference enamel, to be agreed upon by the parties concerned, having similar fluidity behaviour to the enamel to be tested. 3.2 Ball mill. 3.3 Evaporation de

33、vice, for example, a hot-air oven, a hot plate, a sand bath. 3.4 Mortar. 3.5 Pestle. 3.6 Balance, with an accuracy of 0,01 g. 3.7 Press, able to generate a pressure of at least 5 N/mm2, with a cylindrical mould having an internal diameter of 8 mm to 10 mm for preparation of the test specimens. Licen

34、sed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 03:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 4534:2010ISO 4534:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3.8 Flow plate, consisting preferably of a smooth unglazed ceramic tile, with side lengths of approximately 75 mm and a thickness of 5 mm to

35、 6 mm, prefired at a temperature of at least 1 100 C. It shall have a water absorption at atmospheric pressure u 25% and a homogeneous fine ceramic body. Flow plates may also be cut from a larger plate (see A.1). 3.9 Tilting frame, (see Figures 1 and 2), for placing a flow plate inside a laboratory

36、furnace in a horizontal position and tilting the plate to an angle between 30 and 90. NOTE For very viscous samples, it can be favourable to increase the slope; for samples of low viscosity, it can be favourable to decrease the slope. Figure 1 Example of tilting frame set in a horizontal position fo

37、r receiving the flow plate Key l1, l2, l3and l4flow lengths of the four specimens b1, b2, b3and b4maximum flow breadths of the four specimens (see Clause 6) Figure 2 Tilting frame tilted by 45 with flow plate and four specimens Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 03:38,

38、 Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 4534:2010ISO 4534:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 33.10 Electrically heated laboratory furnace, capable of being controlled at (900 10) C. 3.11 Stop watch. 4 Test specimens 4.1 Preparation of enamel The sample may be taken from the enamel powder readily grou

39、nd or it may be ground separately in the ball mill (3.2). Mill additives and the fineness of grinding depend on the manufacturing conditions. In special cases, the complete grain-size distribution shall be taken into account. Wet-ground enamels shall be evaporated to dryness in an evaporation dish.

40、After cooling, the dried enamel shall be loosened and again pulverized using the pestle (3.5) and mortar (3.4). If agreed, mill additives, which are completely or partially soluble in water and are only used as a setting-up agent, may be omitted. Where the fluidity of frits only is to be determined,

41、 they should be milled dry. 4.2 Preparation of test specimens The enamel shall have a mass of 1 g to 2 g, with a relative deviation of maximum 3 %. As specified in 4.1, the enamel powder shall be mixed with a defined amount of water in an empty mould (see 3.7 and A.2). Immediately press the specimen

42、 at a pressure of at least 5 N/mm2. It is important to prepare all test specimens in the same manner with the same number of water drops. 4.3 Number of tests Each flow test shall be performed with an agreed number of specimens made of the test enamel and at least one specimen made of the reference e

43、namel (see Clause 5). 5 Procedure Place the agreed number of test specimens and at least one specimen of the reference enamel on the flow plate (3.8) within the supporting area (see Figure 3). If various flow tests are carried out, interchange the positions of the test specimens and the specimen mad

44、e of the reference enamel (see A.3). It is recommended to have one reference in the side position and to have another reference in the middle of the plate. Predetermine, by one or more pre-tests, the holding time, i.e. the time required from placing the flow plate in the laboratory furnace (3.10), m

45、aintained at the agreed temperature for the test enamel, until the reference specimen softens sufficiently to form an approximate hemisphere. The test specimens shall be completely dry before the flow test is carried out. Carefully place the flow plate in the laboratory furnace, horizontally on the

46、tilting frame (3.9), and at the end of the holding time, then tilt it (see A.3). At the end of the flow period, i.e. the agreed period over which the enamel is allowed to flow, remove the flow plate from the furnace. Measure the flow lengths and maximum flow breadths of the test specimens, in millim

47、etres (see Figure 2). Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 03:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 4534:2010ISO 4534:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reservedDimensions in millimetres Figure 3 Example of supporting area of specimens on flow plate 6 Calculation and expres

48、sion of results Calculate the length and breadth flow numbers, Fland Fb, from Equations (1) and (2): Length flow number: trllFl= (1) where ltis the flow length of the test enamel; lris the flow length of the reference enamel. Breadth flow number: trbbFb= (2) where btis the maximum flow breadth of th

49、e test enamel; bris the maximum flow breadth of the reference enamel. If several test specimens or reference specimens are used, use the mean flow length and the mean maximum flow breadth for the calculation. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 03:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 4534:2010ISO 4534:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 57 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this International Standard, ISO 4534:2010; b) name of testing estab