BS EN 62226-3-1-2007 Exposure to electric or magnetic fields in the low and intermediate frequency range - Methods for calculating the current density and internal electric field if.pdf

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1、Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/01/2008 07:27, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIg49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58f

2、requency range Methods for calculating the current density and internal electric field induced in the human body Part 3-1: Exposure to electric fields Analytical and 2D numerical models The European Standard EN 62226-3-1:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 17.220.20Exposure to electric or m

3、agnetic fields in the low and intermediate BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 62226-3-1:2007BS EN 62226-3-1:2007Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/01/2008 07:27, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee

4、 on 31 October 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 55886 3Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immun

5、ity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 62226-3-1:2007. It is identical to IEC 62226-3-1:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/106, Human exposure to low frequency and high frequency electromagne

6、tic radiation.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62226-3-1 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM September 2007 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechniqu

7、e Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 62226-3-1:2007 E ICS 17.220.20 English version Exposure to electric

8、 or magnetic fields in the low and intermediate frequency range - Methods for calculating the current density and internal electric field induced in the human body - Part 3-1: Exposure to electric fields - Analytical and 2D numerical models (IEC 62226-3-1:2007) Exposition aux champs lectriques ou ma

9、gntiques basse et moyenne frquence - Mthodes de calcul des densits de courant induit et des champs lectriquesinduits dans le corps humain - Partie 3-1: Exposition des champs lectriques - Modles analytiques et numriques 2D (CEI 62226-3-1:2007) Sicherheit in elektrischen oder magnetischen Feldern im n

10、iedrigen und mittleren Frequenzbereich - Verfahren zur Berechnung der induzierten Krperstromdichte und des im menschlichen Krpers induzierten elektrischen Feldes - Teil 3-1: Exposition gegenber elektrischen Feldern - Analytische Modelle und numerische 2D-Modelle (IEC 62226-3-1:2007) This European St

11、andard was approved by CENELEC on 2007-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references conce

12、rning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into

13、its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland

14、, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/01/2008 07:27, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIForeword The text of document 1

15、06/125/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62226-3-1, prepared by IEC TC 106, Methods for the assessment of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields associated with human exposure, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 62226-3-1 on 2007-09-01. This European

16、Standard is to be used in conjunction with EN 62226-1:2005. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2008-06-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting

17、with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2010-09-01 _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 62226-3-1:2007 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ EN 62226-3-1:2007 2 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/01/2008 07:27, Unc

18、ontrolled Copy, (c) BSICONTENTS INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope.7 2 Exposure to electric field 7 3 General procedure10 3.1 Shape factor10 3.2 Procedure .10 4 Human body models.11 4.1 General .11 4.2 Surface area .11 4.3 Semi-spheroidal model12 4.4 Axisymmetrical body model .14 5 Calculation of induced curren

19、t 15 5.1 General .15 5.2 Semi-spheroid .15 5.3 Axisymmetrical models19 5.4 Comparison of the analytical and numerical models 26 6 Influence of electrical parameters.26 6.1 General .26 6.2 Influence of permittivity .26 6.3 Influence of conductivity27 6.4 Non-homogeneous conductivity.27 7 Measurement

20、of currents induced by electric fields.27 7.1 General .27 7.2 Current flowing to the ground 27 Annex A (normative) Analytical solutions for a spheroid in a uniform electric field29 Annex B (normative) Human body axisymmetrical model .32 Annex C (informative) Child body model 37 Annex D (informative)

21、 Example of use of this standard 39 Annex E (informative) Numerical calculation methods43 Bibliography51 Figure 1 Illustration of the phenomenon of currents induced by electric field in a human body standing on the ground .9 Figure 2 Potential lines of the electric field generated by an energised wi

22、re in the absence of any objects (all distances in metres) .9 Figure 3 A realistic body model11 Figure 4 Scheme of the semi-spheroid simulating a human being standing on a zero potential plane 12 Figure 5 Equivalent spheroid radius, R, versus height, L, and for different mass, M 14 Figure 6 The axis

23、ymmetrical body model for the reference man (left) and woman (right)14 EN 62226-3-1:2007 3 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/01/2008 07:27, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIFigure 7 Conductive spheroid exposed to electric field.15 Figure 8 Calculation of the shape factor for electri

24、c field KEfor an spheroid exposed to an unperturbed electric field16 Figure 9 Current density JSinduced by an unperturbed electric field (1 kV/m, 50 Hz) in a spheroid versus parameter L/R (values in A/m).17 Figure 10 Dimensions and mesh of the semi-spheroid .18 Figure 11 Distortion of power frequenc

25、y electric field lines close to the conductive semi-spheroid .18 Figure 12 Calculated induced current density JA(h) in the body standing in a vertical 50 Hz electric field of 1 kV/m 20 Figure 13 Computation domain 22 Figure 14 Mesh of the man body model and distortion of power frequency electric fie

26、ld lines close to model.22 Figure 15 Distribution of potential lines and 50 Hz electric field magnitude (man model) 23 Figure 16 Computation of induced currents JAalong a vertical axis, and distribution of induced currents in the man model at 50 Hz .23 Figure 17 Mesh of the woman body model and dist

27、ortion of power frequency electric field lines close to model.24 Figure 18 Distribution of potential lines and 50 Hz electric field magnitude (woman model) 25 Figure 19 Computation of induced currents JAalong a vertical axis, and distribution of induced currents in the woman model at 50 Hz .25 Figur

28、e A.1 Conductive spheroid exposed to electric field .29 Figure B.1 Normalised axisymmetrical models. Left: man, Right: woman .34 Figure C.1 Computation of induced currents JZalong a vertical axis, and distribution of induced currents in the 10 years reference child model.38 Figure E.1 Spheroid model

29、.44 Figure E.2 Space potential model 45 Figure E.3 Exemple of charge simulation method using rings.46 Figure E.4 Superficial charges integral equation method, cutting of the body into N elements.47 Figure E.5 Mesh of the body using finite element method 48 Figure E.6 Impedance method .49 Figure E.7

30、Yee-method: Electric and magnetic grids for spatial discretization 50 Table 1 Data for reference man and reference woman .12 Table 2 Values of arcsin(e) / e for different values of L/R.13 Table 3 Derived data using spheroid model at 50 Hz .19 Table 4 Electric field EBRrequired to produce basic restr

31、ictions JBR in the neck at 50 Hz21 Table 5 Comparison of values of the shape factor for electric field KEand corresponding current densities for an unperturbed 50 Hz electric field of 1 kV/m.26 Table B.1 Measures from antropomorphic survey used to construct vertical dimensions of axisymmetrical mode

32、l 56 33 EN 62226-3-1:2007 4 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/01/2008 07:27, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSITable B.2 Measures from antropomorphic survey used to construct the radial dimensions of axisymmetrical model 56 33 Table B.3 Normalised model dimensions35 Table B.4 Axisymm

33、etric model dimensions for reference man and reference woman whose mass and height are defined by ICRP 38 and are given in Table 1.36 Table C.1 Reference values provided by ICRP for male and female children37 Table C.2 Dimensions of the reference children (in m excepted SBRin m) .37Table C.3 Results

34、 of analytical method for the reference children 38 Table D.1 Normalised dimensions of the women model40 Table D.2 Calculation of the dimensions for a specific person41 EN 62226-3-1:2007 5 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/01/2008 07:27, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIINTRODUCTION

35、 Public interest concerning human exposure to electric and magnetic fields has led international and national organisations to propose limits based on recognised adverse effects. This standard applies to the frequency range for which the exposure limits are based on the induction of voltages or curr

36、ents in the human body, when exposed to electric and magnetic fields. This frequency range covers the low and intermediate frequencies, up to 100 kHz. Some methods described in this standard can be used at higher frequencies under specific conditions. The exposure limits based on biological and medi

37、cal experimentation about these fundamental induction phenomena are usually called “basic restrictions”. They include safety factors. The induced electrical quantities are not directly measurable, so simplified derived limits are also proposed. These limits, called “reference levels” are given in te

38、rms of external electric and magnetic fields. They are based on very simple models of coupling between external fields and the body. These derived limits are conservative. Sophisticated models for calculating induced currents in the body have been used and are the subject of a number of scientific p

39、ublications. These models use numerical 3D electromagnetic field computation codes and detailed models of the internal structure with specific electrical characteristics of each tissue within the body. However such models are still developing; the electrical conductivity data available at present ha

40、s considerable shortcomings; and the spatial resolution of models is still progressing. Such models are therefore still considered to be in the field of scientific research and at present it is not considered that the results obtained from such models should be fixed indefinitely within standards. H

41、owever it is recognised that such models can and do make a useful contribution to the standardisation process, specially for product standards where particular cases of exposure are considered. When results from such models are used in standards, the results should be reviewed from time to time to e

42、nsure they continue to reflect the current status of the science. EN 62226-3-1:2007 6 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/01/2008 07:27, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEXPOSURE TO ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE LOW AND INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY RANGE METHODS FOR CALCULATING THE CUR

43、RENT DENSITY AND INTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD INDUCED IN THE HUMAN BODY Part 3-1: Exposure to electric fields Analytical and 2D numerical models 1 Scope This part of IEC 62226 applies to the frequency range for which exposure limits are based on the induction of voltages or currents in the human body whe

44、n exposed to electric fields. This part defines in detail the coupling factor K introduced by the IEC 62226 series to enable exposure assessment for complex exposure situations, such as non-uniform magnetic field or perturbed electric field for the case of simple models of the human body, exposed to

45、 uniform electric fields. The coupling factor K has different physical interpretations depending on whether it relates to electric or magnetic field exposure. It is the so called “shape factor for electric field”. This part of IEC 62226 can be used when the electric field can be considered to be uni

46、form, for frequencies up to at least 100 kHz. This situation of exposure to a “uniform” electric field is mostly found in the vicinity of high voltage overhead power systems. For this reason, illustrations given in this part are given for power frequencies (50 Hz and 60 Hz). 2 Exposure to electric f

47、ield Alternating electric fields are generated by energised conductors (i.e. under voltage). In the immediate vicinity of domestic electrical equipment, such as lights, switches, food mixers and irons, local electric-field strengths about 100 V/m may be found. Such fields are non-uniform, but their

48、strengths are far below the levels recommended in safety guidelines, so there is no need of calculation of induced currents in such exposure situations. Higher electric-field strengths may be found in the vicinity of high voltage equipment such as electric power line. In the frequency range covered

49、by this standard, it is considered that exposure from power lines is the only significant exposure source for public regarding safety guidelines limits. Guidelines on human exposure to electric fields are generally expressed in terms of induced current density or internal electric field. These quantities cannot be measured directly and the purpose of this document is to give guidance on how to assess these quantities induced in t