BS EN 14808-2005 Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of shock absorption《运动场表面 吸震的测定》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN14808:2005Surfaces for sports areas Determination of shock absorptionThe European Standard EN 14808:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 97.220.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3

2、g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Aug 24 08:12:15 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 14808:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2006 BSI 2

3、006ISBN 0 580 48779 2National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14808:2005. It partially supersedes BS 7044-2.2:1990 (replacing method 4). EN 14808:2005 is one of a package of standards being produced by CEN/TC 217. On publication of the entire package, BS

4、7044 will be withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/57, Surfaces for sports areas, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Stand

5、ards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This

6、publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible intern

7、ational/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title pa

8、ge, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Aug 24 08:12:15 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUROPE

9、AN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14808December 2005ICS 97.220.10English VersionSurfaces for sports areas - Determination of shock absorptionSurfaces de sols sportifs - Dtermination de labsorptiondes chocsSportbden - Bestimmung des KraftabbausThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 2

10、8 November 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be

11、 obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central S

12、ecretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Po

13、rtugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedw

14、orldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14808:2005: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Aug 24 08:12:15 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14808:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope .4 2 Normative references .4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Principle.4 5 Test piece 5 6 Conditioning and

15、test temperature5 7 Apparatus 5 8 Measurement of reference force, Fr.6 9 Procedure 6 10 Expression of results6 11 Test report .8 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Aug 24 08:12:15 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14808:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14808:2005) has been prepared

16、by Technical Committee CEN/TC 217 “Surfaces for sports areas”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2006, and conflicting national standard

17、s shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gre

18、ece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Aug 24 08:12:15 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14808:2005 (E) 4 1 Scope This

19、 European Standard specifies a method for the determination of shock absorption characteristics of sports surfaces. NOTE The method specified is commonly known as the Artificial Athlete (Berlin) method. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application o

20、f this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12229, Surfaces for sports areas Procedure for the preparation of synthetic turf and textile test pieces ISO 64

21、87, Road vehicles Measurement techniques in impact tests Instrumentation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 area-elastic sports surface sports surface, to which the application of a point force causes deflection over a r

22、elatively large area around the point of application of the force 3.2 point-elastic sports surface sports surface, to which the application of a point force causes deflection only at or close to the point of application of the force 3.3 combination-elastic sports surface area-elastic sports surface

23、with a point-elastic top layer, to which the application of a point force causes both localized deflection and deflection over a wider area 3.4 mixed-elastic sports surface point-elastic sports surface with an area-stiffening component NOTE A mixed-elastic sports surface has deflection characteristi

24、cs between those of an area-elastic surface and a point-elastic surface. 3.5 shock absorption ability of a sports surface to reduce the impact force of a body falling onto the surface NOTE Shock absorption is a physical quantity consisting of damping and resilience due to a certain impact. 4 Princip

25、le A weight is allowed to fall onto a spring placed on the test piece and the maximum force applied is recorded. The difference between this force and the maximum force measured on a hard surface is reported as the force reduction. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Aug 24 08:12:15 BST 2006, Uncontrol

26、led Copy, (c) BSIEN 14808:2005 (E) 5 5 Test piece For area-elastic and combined-elastic sports surfaces, the test piece shall be a sample of the complete surfacing system measuring 3,5 m by 3,5 m, assembled and installed in accordance with the manufacturers stated method, on a substrate complying wi

27、th the manufacturers requirements. For point-elastic and mixed-elastic sports surfaces, the test piece shall be a piece of the surface of minimum size 1,0 m by 1,0 m, in combination with the supporting layers to be used in service and using the recommended method of attachment in accordance with the

28、 manufacturers instructions. Laboratory test pieces of either synthetic turf or textile materials shall be prepared in accordance with EN 12229. 6 Conditioning and test temperature For tests in the laboratory, condition the test piece for a minimum of 40 h at a temperature of (23 2) C. Tests on site

29、 shall be carried out at the prevailing ambient temperature and humidity, which shall be recorded and reported. 7 Apparatus 7.1.1 The principle of the apparatus is shown in Figure 1 and consists of the components specified in 7.1.2 to 7.1.10. 7.1.2 Falling weight having a mass of (20 0,1) kg with a

30、hardened striking surface guided so that it is allowed to fall smoothly and vertically with minimum friction. 7.1.3 Spiral spring, having a diameter of (69 1) mm, whose characteristic, when mounted in the assembly described below, is linear with a spring rate of (2 000 60) N/mm over the range 0,1 kN

31、 to 7,5 kN with a hardened upper plate. The spring should have three or more coaxial coils which shall be rigidly fixed together at their ends. This may be achieved, for instance, by milling the spring from a single piece of steel. 7.1.4 Adjustable supporting feet, at least 250 mm from the point of

32、application of the load for a point elastic sports surface and at least 600 mm from the point of application of the load for an area elastic sports surface. 7.1.5 Steel base plate, having a lower side rounded to a radius of 500 mm; an edge radius of 1 mm, a diameter (70,0 0,1) mm and a minimum thick

33、ness of 10 mm. 7.1.6 Metal guiding tube having an internal diameter of (71,0 0,1) mm. 7.1.7 Testing foot, consisting of the steel base plate, force sensing device, spring and the upper plate (minimum thickness 20 mm, measured at the centre of the plate) together, guided in the guiding tube. The tota

34、l mass of the testing foot (without guiding tube) shall be (3,0 0,3) kg. 7.1.8 Means of supporting the weight, allowing it to be set to the drop height with an uncertainty no greater than 0,25 mm. 7.1.9 Means of conditioning and recording the signal from the force sensing device and the sensors and

35、a means of displaying the record. The channel frequency class of the conditioning amplifier, in accordance with ISO 6487, shall be 1 kHz. The conditioning amplifier shall be followed by or shall incorporate a low-pass filter having a 2ndorder Butterworth characteristic with a -3 dB frequency of 120

36、Hz. Filtration may be implemented in hardware or software. The response of the system at any given frequency shall be within 0,5 dB of the expected response, calculated on the basis of the Butterworth function. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Aug 24 08:12:15 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1

37、4808:2005 (E) 6 The system should be able to record the peak value of single force-pulse signals of 10 ms duration with an uncertainty of no greater than 2 %. If digital recording techniques are used, the word length shall be 12 bits, the amplitude of the signal shall be no less than 25 % of the equ

38、ipment full scale and the sampling frequency shall be 2 kHz or twice the upper frequency response limit of the amplifier/filter system preceding the digital system, whichever is the greater. 7.1.10 A rigid non-vibrating smooth and even concrete floor, which achieves a value of Frin accordance with 8

39、.4. 8 Measurement of reference force, Fr8.1 Set up the apparatus so that it is vertically positioned on the concrete floor. 8.2 Set the height of the lower face of the impact weight (projection) so that it is (55 0,25) mm above the force-measuring assembly. Allow the weight to fall onto the force me

40、asuring assembly. Record the peak force applied to the surface in the course of the impact. 8.3 Repeat the procedure described in 8.2 ten times, giving a total of eleven impacts. Record the mean value of the peak force from the second to the eleventh impact and denote it as Fr. 8.4 The value of Frsh

41、all lie in the range (6,60 0,25) kN. If the value lies outside this range, the results shall be considered invalid. 8.5 Carry out this procedure at intervals no greater than three months. 9 Procedure 9.1 Set up the apparatus so that it is vertically positioned on the test piece such that the weight

42、falls at least 20 cm from the edge, for point-elastic and mixed-elastic sports surfaces, or at least 1 m from the edge, for area-elastic and combination-elastic sports surfaces. 9.2 Set the height of the lower face of the impact weight (projection) so that it is (55 0,25) mm above the force-measurin

43、g assembly. Allow the weight to fall onto the force-measuring assembly. 9.3 Record the peak force applied to the surface in the course of the impact. Within 5 s of the impact, lift and re-attach the impact weight to its support mechanism so that the surface can recover before the following impact. 9

44、.4 Unless otherwise specified, repeat the procedure in 9.2 twice at intervals of (60 10) s giving a total of three impacts. Record the mean value of the peak force from the second and third impacts and denote it as Ft. 9.5 If further tests are to be carried out on the same sample, each shall be carr

45、ied out at a new location, no test position being less than 100 mm from any other. 10 Expression of results 10.1 Calculate the force reduction, R, from the following expression. 1001rt=FFR where R is the force reduction, expressed as a percentage (%); Ftis the measured maximum peak force for the tes

46、t piece, expressed in Newtons (N); Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Aug 24 08:12:15 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14808:2005 (E) 7 Fris the measured maximum peak force for the concrete, expressed in Newtons (N). 10.2 Calculate the force reduction, R, of a single testing spot as the mean of

47、the force reduction results of the second and third impacts and report the result to the nearest whole percentage number, e.g. 37 %. 1234568 7Key 1 guide for the falling weight 2 electromagnet 3 falling weight 4 upper plate 5 spring 6 guiding tube 7 force sensing device 8 base plate Figure 1 Artific

48、ial athlete apparatus Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Aug 24 08:12:15 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14808:2005 (E) 8 11 Test report The test report shall include the following information. a) reference to this European Standard, i.e. EN 14808:2005; b) complete identification of the surface

49、 tested, a statement of the manufacturers reference, the type of supporting layers and method of attachment and the dimensions of the test piece; c) ambient temperature and relative humidity; d) force reduction, R; e) value of Fr and the date on which it was determined; f) condition of the surface at the time of test, i.e. wet or dry; g) statement of the uncertainty on the result reported. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Aug 24 08:12:15 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIblankLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Thu Aug 24 08: