BS EN 14390-2007 Fire test - Large-scale room reference test for surface products《防火试验 表面制品用大范围室内参照试验》.pdf

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1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58The European Standard EN 14390:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.220.50Fire test Larg

2、e-scale room reference test for surface productsBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14390:2007BS EN 14390:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50145 6Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Co

3、mmentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14390:2007. The UK participation in its preparation was en

4、trusted to Technical Committee FSH/21, Reaction to fire tests.A list of organizations represented on FSH/21 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14390January 2007IC

5、S 13.220.50English VersionFire test - Large-scale room reference test for surface productsEssais au feu - Essai dans une pice en vraie grandeurpour les produits de surfaceBrandverhalten von Bauprodukten - Referenzversuch imRealmastab an Oberflchenprodukten in einem RaumThis European Standard was app

6、roved by CEN on 13 October 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national

7、standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified

8、to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, No

9、rway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form a

10、nd by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14390:2007: EEN 14390:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword5 Introduction .6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Principle8 5 Fire test room.8 5.1 Dimensions.8 5.2 Doorway9 5.3 Construction material10 6 Ig

11、nition source .10 6.1 General10 6.2 Location 10 6.3 Gas 10 6.4 Heat output.10 7 Hood and exhaust duct .10 8 Instrumentation in the exhaust duct11 8.1 General11 8.2 Volume flow rate 11 8.3 Gas analysis.11 8.3.1 Sampling line11 8.3.2 Oxygen11 8.3.3 Carbon dioxide.11 8.4 Optical density .11 8.4.1 Gener

12、al11 8.4.2 Lamp .11 8.4.3 Lenses.11 8.4.4 Aperture 12 8.4.5 Detector 12 8.4.6 Location 12 9 System performance .13 9.1 Calibration 13 9.2 System response times.13 9.2.1 Procedure .13 9.2.2 Delay times .13 9.2.3 Response times .13 9.3 Precision.14 9.4 Methanol calibration14 9.4.1 General14 9.4.2 Cont

13、ainer 14 9.4.3 Methanol .14 9.4.4 Procedure .14 9.4.5 Requirements for methanol calibration.15 10 Preparation of test specimens .15 10.1 Test specimen configuration15 10.2 Boards.15 EN 14390:2007 (E) 3 10.3 Mounting.15 10.4 Substrates 15 10.5 Paints and varnishes.15 10.6 Conditioning 16 11 Testing16

14、 11.1 Initial conditions 16 11.1.1 Ambient temperature 16 11.1.2 Ambient wind speed16 11.1.3 Burner.16 11.1.4 Photographs 16 11.2 Procedure.16 11.2.1 Automated recording of data .16 11.2.2 Adjustments of burner and exhaust flow17 11.2.3 Photographs 17 11.2.4 Observations17 11.2.5 Termination of test

15、 17 11.2.6 Damage of tested sample .17 11.2.7 Unusual behaviour 17 12 Test report17 Annex A (normative) Ignition source19 Annex B (informative) Design of exhaust system .20 B.1 General .20 B.2 Hood20 B.3 Duct.20 B.4 Capacity20 B.5 Alternative systems.20 Annex C (informative) Instrumentation in exhau

16、st duct .23 C.1 Volume flow .23 C.1.1 Bi-directional probe.23 C.1.2 Pressure transducer23 C.1.3 Thermocouple23 C.2 Sampling line .23 C.2.1 Sampling probe .23 C.2.2 Sampling line .23 C.2.3 Pump.24 C.2.4 Sampling line end24 C.2.5 Specifications 24 C.3 Combustion gas analysis .24 C.3.1 General .24 C.3.

17、2 Oxygen concentration.24 C.3.3 Carbon dioxide concentration .24 C.4 Optical density.25 C.4.1 General .25 C.4.2 Calibration25 Annex D (normative) Calculation 30 D.1 Volume flow .30 D.2 Generated heat effect, calibration and tests process31 D.2.1 Heat release rate from the ignition source .31 D.2.2 H

18、eat release rate from the product31 D.2.3 Calculation of total heat release 32 D.2.4 Limitations .33 D.3 Combustion gases 33 D.4 Light obscuration 34 D.4.1 General .34 D.4.2 Calculation of SPRsmooth .35 D.4.3 Calculation of TSP.35 EN 14390:2007 (E) 4 D.5 Calculation of FIGRARCand SMOGRARC.36 D.5.1 T

19、ime to flashover .36 D.5.2 Calculation of FIGRARC, FIre Growth RAte index .36 D.5.3 Calculation of SMOGRARC, SMOke Growth RAte index.37 Annex E (informative) Calculation examples .38 E.1 General38 E.2 Example number 1.38 E.3 Example number 2.38 Bibliography 43 EN 14390:2007 (E) 5 Foreword This docum

20、ent (EN 14390:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 127 “Fire safety in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 20

21、07, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, E

22、stonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14390:2007 (E) 6 Introduction This method is intended to describe th

23、e fire behaviour of a product under controlled laboratory conditions. The test method may be used as part of a fire hazard assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a product in a particular end use. WARNING So that suitable pre

24、cautions can be taken to safeguard health, the attention of all concerned in fire tests is drawn to the possibility that toxic or harmful gases can be evolved during combustion of test specimens. The test procedures involve high temperatures and combustion processes from ignition to a fully develope

25、d room fire. Therefore, hazards can exist for burns, ignition of extraneous objects or clothing. The operators should use protective clothing, helmet, face-shield and equipment for avoiding exposure to toxic gases. Means of extinguishing a fully developed fire should be available. EN 14390:2007 (E)

26、7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a test method to evaluate the reaction to fire performance of building products. A fire is simulated which under well-ventilated conditions starts in a corner of a small room with a single open doorway. The method is intended to evaluate the contribution of

27、 a surface product to fire growth in a room configuration, using a specified ignition source. It constitutes a reference test for this type of product within the European classification system for reaction to fire performance of construction products. The method is particularly suitable for construc

28、tion products which cannot be tested in their end use application in a small or intermediate laboratory scale. The method can also be used to assess the effect of an insulating substrate on the product performance. A test performed in accordance with the method specified in this European Standard pr

29、ovides data for the early stages of a fire from ignition up to flashover. The method is not intended to evaluate floor coverings. It may not be suitable for some free-standing products because their integrity, when exposed to fire, could have a decisive influence on their behaviour. NOTE The term “s

30、urface product” as used in the title and scope of this European Standard specifically relates to internal surface linings, assemblies, pipes and pipe insulation products used in buildings. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this documen

31、t. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13238, Reaction to fire tests for building products Conditioning procedures and general rules for selection of substrates EN 13501-1:2

32、002, Fire classification of construction products and building elements Part 1: Classification using test data from reaction to fire tests EN ISO 13943:2000, Fire safety Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2000) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 1

33、3943:2000 and the following apply. 3.1 exposed surface surface of the product subjected to the heating conditions of the test 3.2 material single substance or uniformly dispersed mixture EXAMPLE metal, stone, timber, concrete, mineral fibre or polymers EN 14390:2007 (E) 8 3.3 product material, compo

34、site or assembly about which information is required 3.4 test specimen representative piece of the product which is to be tested together with any substrate or treatment NOTE The test specimen may include an air gap. 3.5 surface product any part of a building that constitutes an exposed surface on t

35、he interior walls and/or the ceiling 3.6 flashover point in the fire history when the sum of the rate of heat release from the ignition source and the product reaches 1 000 kW 3.7 FIGRARCFIre Growth RAte growth rate of the fire during a specified time period 3.8 SMOGRARCSMOke Growth RAte growth rate

36、 of the production of smoke during a specified time period 3.9 burning droplets continuous occurrence of flaming droplets/particles from the test specimen for at least 10 s or a pool fire formed on the floor 4 Principle The hazard of fire growth is evaluated in a fire test room by the measurement of

37、 the rate of heat release of the fire based on calculation of oxygen consumption. See also Annex B. The hazard of reduced visibility is estimated by the measurement of the production of light-obscuring smoke. Phenomena attributed to the fire growth, for example flame spread and emission of burning d

38、roplets, are visually documented by photographic and/or video recording. NOTE If further information is required, measurements for example of heat flux to the floor, toxic gas species, the gas temperature in the room and the mass flow in and out the doorway may be performed, see also ISO/TR 9705-2:2

39、001 (Bibliography 2). 5 Fire test room 5.1 Dimensions The room (see Figure 1) shall consist of four walls at right angles, a floor and a ceiling and shall have the following inner dimensions: EN 14390:2007 (E) 9 a) length: (3,6 0,05) m; b) width: (2,4 0,05) m; c) height: (2,4 0,05) m. Dimensions in

40、metres Key 1 front view 2 top view Figure 1 Fire test room The room shall be placed indoors in an essentially draught free, heated space, large enough to ensure that there is no influence on the test fire. In order to facilitate the mounting of the instruments and of the ignition source, the test ro

41、om may be placed so that the floor can be accessed from beneath. 5.2 Doorway There shall be a doorway in the centre of one of the 2,4 m 2,4 m walls and no other wall, floor or ceiling shall have any openings that allow ventilation. The doorway shall have the following dimensions: a) width: 0,8 m 0,0

42、2 m; b) height: 2,0 m 0,02 m. The distance between the top of the doorway and the ceiling shall be (0,4 0,02) m. EN 14390:2007 (E) 10 5.3 Construction material The test room shall be constructed of Class A1 material according to EN 13501-1:2002, with a density of (600 200) kg/m3. The minimum thickne

43、ss of the construction shall be 20 mm. 6 Ignition source 6.1 General The ignition source design is specified in Annex A. The ignition source shall be a propane gas burner having a top surface layer of sand. The construction shall be such that an even gas flow is achieved over the entire opening area

44、. The ignition source is a propane gas burner that consumes relatively large amounts of gas. Attention is therefore drawn to the following warning. All equipment such as tubes, couplings and flowmeters, should be approved for propane. The installations should be performed in accordance with existing

45、 regulations. The burner should, for reasons of safety, be equipped with a remote-controlled ignition device, for example a pilot flame or a glow wire. There should be a warning system for leaking gas and a valve for immediate and automatic cut-off of the gas supply in case of extinction of the igni

46、tion flame. 6.2 Location The burner shall be placed on the floor in a corner opposite to the doorway wall. The top of the burner shall be 145 mm from the floor level. The burner walls shall be in contact with the test specimen. 6.3 Gas The burner shall be supplied with commercial grade propane of at

47、 least 95 % purity. The gas flow to the burner shall be measured with an accuracy of at least 3 %. 6.4 Heat output The net heat output shall be 100 kW during the first 10 min after ignition and then shall be increased to 300 kW for a further 10 min. The heat output from the burner shall be controlle

48、d within 5 % of the prescribed value. 7 Hood and exhaust duct The system for collecting the combustion products shall have sufficient capacity and be designed in such a way that all of the combustion products leaving the fire room through the doorway during a test are collected. The system shall not

49、 disturb the fire-induced flow in the doorway. The maximum exhaust capacity shall be at least 3,5 m3/s at normal pressure and a temperature of 25 C. Exhaust systems based on natural convection shall not be used. NOTE An example of one design of hood and an exhaust duct is given in Annex B. EN 14390:2007 (E) 11 8 Instrumentation in the exhaust duct 8.1 General This clause specifies minimum requirements for instrumentation in the exhaust duct. Additional information and designs can be found in Annex C. 8.2 Volu