BS EN 14199-2015 Execution of special geotechnical works Micropiles《特殊土工工程的实施 小型桩》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 14199:2015Execution of specialgeotechnical works MicropilesBS EN 14199:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14199:2015. Itsupersedes BS EN 14199:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was en

2、trusted to TechnicalCommittee B/526, Geotechnics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Stan

3、dards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 82495 1ICS 93.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2015.Amendment

4、s issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 14199:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14199 May 2015 ICS 93.020 Supersedes EN 14199:2005English Version Execution of special geotechnical works - Micropiles Excution des travaux gotechniques spciaux - Micropieux Ausfhrung von

5、 Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau - Mikropfhle This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 March 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. U

6、p-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by tran

7、slation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finla

8、nd, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIO

9、N COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14199:2015 EBS EN 14199:2015EN 14199:2015 (E) 2 C

10、ontents Page Foreword 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Information needed for the execution of the works 11 4.1 General . 11 4.2 Special features 12 4.3 List of activities . 13 5 Geotechnical investigation 13 5.1 General . 13 5.2 Specific requirements 14 6 Materials

11、and products 15 6.1 General . 15 6.2 Reinforcement and load bearing elements 15 6.2.1 Steel for reinforcement 15 6.2.2 Steel for load bearing elements 15 6.2.3 Other materials or grades of steel 16 6.3 Materials for grout, mortar and concrete . 16 6.3.1 Cement . 16 6.3.2 Aggregates 16 6.3.3 Water 16

12、 6.3.4 Additions and admixtures 16 6.4 Grout 16 6.5 Mortar and concrete . 17 6.6 Spacers, centralisers and other components 17 6.7 Coatings and corrosion protection compounds . 18 7 Considerations related to design 18 7.1 General . 18 7.2 Geometrical construction tolerances . 19 7.3 Installation . 1

13、9 7.4 Reinforcement and load bearing elements 19 7.5 Connecting elements . 20 7.6 Corrosion protection of steel elements 20 7.7 Spacers and centralisers . 21 7.8 Micropile enlargement 21 7.9 Connections to the superstructure . 22 7.10 Spacing of micropiles 22 7.11 Special requirements for micropiles

14、. 22 8 Execution . 22 8.1 General . 22 8.2 Construction tolerances 23 8.3 Site preparation . 23 8.4 Sequence of installation 24 8.5 Drilling 24 8.5.1 General . 24 8.5.2 Use of flushing 25 BS EN 14199:2015EN 14199:2015 (E) 3 8.5.3 Boreholes supported by casings . 25 8.5.4 Drilling with segmental holl

15、ow stem augers 25 8.6 Enlargements . 25 8.7 Reinforcement and load bearing elements . 26 8.7.1 Handling and storing . 26 8.7.2 Joints 26 8.7.3 Spacers and centralisers 27 8.7.4 Installation 27 8.8 Filling and grouting . 27 8.8.1 General . 27 8.8.2 Grout preparation 28 8.8.3 Borehole testing and preg

16、routing . 28 8.8.4 Filling the borehole . 28 8.8.5 Filling or grouting through a temporary casing . 28 8.8.6 Filling or grouting through a load bearing element . 29 8.8.7 Grouting during drilling 29 8.8.8 Multi-stage grouting 29 8.9 Concreting 29 8.9.1 Concreting in submerged conditions 29 8.9.2 Con

17、creting through a segmental hollow stem augers 29 8.9.3 Concreting in dry conditions . 30 8.10 Trimming of micropiles . 31 9 Supervision, monitoring and testing . 32 9.1 Supervision 32 9.2 Monitoring of micropile construction 32 9.3 Micropile testing 33 9.3.1 General . 33 9.3.2 Static load tests . 3

18、3 9.3.3 Dynamic load tests 34 9.3.4 Low strain integrity tests 34 10 Records 35 10.1 General . 35 10.2 Records for the execution of construction micropiles 35 10.3 Records for micropile tests 37 11 Special requirements 38 Annex A (informative) Execution methods of micropiles . 51 Annex B (informativ

19、e) Guidance on minimum cover (in mm) for bearing element of low strength steel for cast in situ micropiles 52 Annex C (informative) Borehole testing and pregrouting . 53 Annex D (informative) Guideline for a record for micropiles . 54 Annex E (informative) Degree of obligation of the provisions . 55

20、 Bibliography 62 BS EN 14199:2015EN 14199:2015 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14199:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 288 “Execution of special geotechnical works”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standar

21、d, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.

22、 CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14199:2005. The technical changes in comparison to EN 14199:2005 are: Driven piles are excluded from EN 14199 and transferred to EN 12699; sections describing concrete and tes

23、ting have been minimised; EN 14199:2015 has been harmonized with EN 1536. The general scope of CEN/TC 288 is the standardization of the execution procedures for geotechnical works, including testing and control methods, and the required material properties. WG 16 has been charged with the subject ar

24、ea of micropiles. This document has been prepared to stand alongside EN 1997-1. Clause 7 of this Standard covers design aspects of micropiles. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Stand

25、ard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spa

26、in, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14199:2015EN 14199:2015 (E) 5 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard establishes general principles for the execution of micropiles. They are for drilled piles constructed using a drilling tool with a diameter less than 300 mm. NOTE 1 This Eu

27、ropean Standard is not applicable to driven piles, the execution of which is governed by EN 12699. NOTE 2 For a definition of shaft diameter see 3.3. 1.2 Micropiles are structural members to transfer actions to the ground and can contain bearing elements to transfer directly or indirectly loads and

28、or to limit deformations. For examples of micropiles see Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3. Their shaft and base resistance can be improved (mostly by grouting) and they can be constructed with (see Figure 4): uniform cross section (straight shaft); or telescopically changing shaft dimensions; shaft e

29、nlargements; and/or base enlargement. 1.3 Other than practical considerations, there are no limitations regarding, length, inclination (definition of inclination, see Figure 5), slenderness ratio or shaft and base enlargements. 1.4 The provisions of this European Standard apply to (see Figure 6): si

30、ngle micropiles; micropile groups; reticulated micropiles; micropile walls. 1.5 The material of micropiles covered by this European Standard can be: steel or other reinforcement materials; grout, mortar or concrete; a combination of above. 1.6 Micropiles can be used for: working under restricted acc

31、ess and/or headroom conditions; foundations of new structures (particularly in very heterogeneous soil or rock formations); reinforcing or strengthening of existing structures to increase the capacity to transfer load to depth with acceptable load settlement characteristics, e.g. underpinning works;

32、 reducing settlements and/or displacements; forming a retaining wall; BS EN 14199:2015EN 14199:2015 (E) 6 reinforcing of soil to form a bearing and/or retaining structure; improving slope stability; securing against uplift; other applications where micropile techniques are appropriate. 1.7 Deep mixi

33、ng columns according to EN 14679 are not included in this European Standard. Columns constructed by jet grouting are covered by EN 12716. Ground anchors are covered by EN 1537. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are in

34、dispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 206:2013, Concrete - Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 445, Grout for prestressin

35、g tendons - Test methods EN 447:2007, Grout for prestressing tendons - Basic requirements EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Part 2: Concrete admixtures Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling EN 1090-2, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures Par

36、t 2: Technical requirements for steel structures EN 1536:2010, Execution of special geotechnical work - Bored piles EN 1990, Eurocode - Basis of structural design EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules a

37、nd rules for buildings EN 1993 (all parts), Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994-1-1, Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 1997-1:2004, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7

38、- Geotechnical design - Part 2: Ground investigation and testing EN 10025 (all parts), Hot-rolled products of non-alloy structural steels EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete - Weldable reinforcing steel - General prEN 10138-4:2001, Prestressing steels Part 4: Bars EN 10210 (all parts),

39、 Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels EN 10219 (all parts), Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels EN 12390-3, Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens BS EN 14199:2015EN 1419

40、9:2015 (E) 7 EN 16228 (all parts), Drilling and foundation equipment Safety EN ISO 2560, Welding consumables - Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels - Classification (ISO 2560) EN ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes - Nomenclature of processes and refe

41、rence numbers (ISO 4063) EN ISO 5817, Welding - Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) - Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817) EN ISO 9692-1, Welding and allied processes - Types of joint preparation - Part 1: Manual metal arc welding, gas-shie

42、lded metal arc welding, gas welding, TIG welding and beam welding of steels (ISO 9692-1) EN ISO 9692-2, Welding and allied processes - Joint preparation - Part 2: Submerged arc welding of steels (ISO 9692-2) EN ISO 11960, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Steel pipes for use as casing or tubing

43、 for wells (ISO 11960) EN ISO 14341, Welding consumables - Wire electrodes and weld deposits for gas shielded metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels - Classification (ISO 14341) EN ISO 15630-3, Steel for the reinforcement and prestressing of concrete - Test methods - Part 3: Prestressi

44、ng steel (ISO 15630-3) EN ISO 15609-1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure specification - Part 1: Arc welding (ISO 15609-1) EN ISO 17632, Welding consumables - Tubular cored electrodes for gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc weldi

45、ng of non-alloy and fine grain steels - Classification (ISO 17632) EN ISO 17660-1, Welding - Welding of reinforcing steel - Part 1: Load-bearing welded joints (ISO 17660-1) EN ISO 18276, Welding consumables - Tubular cored electrodes for gas-shielded and non-gas-shielded metal arc welding of high-st

46、rength steels - Classification (ISO 18276) prEN ISO 22477-1:2014, Geotechnical investigation and testing Testing of geotechnical structures Part 1: Pile load test by static axially loaded compression (ISO/DIS 22477-1:2014) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following term

47、s and definitions apply. 3.1 micropile fr: micropieu de: Mikropfahl drilled piles which have a diameter smaller than 300 mm 3.2 enlarged base fr: base largie de: Fuaufweitung base of the micropile formed to have a cross section greater than that of its shaft BS EN 14199:2015EN 14199:2015 (E) 8 3.3 s

48、haft diameter fr: diamtre du ft de: Pfahldurchmesser diameter of the part of the micropile between the head and the base: a) for micropiles constructed with casing: equal to the external diameter of the casing; b) for micropiles constructed without casing: equal to the maximum diameter of the drilli

49、ng tool 3.4 preliminary micropile fr: micropieu prliminaire de: Vorversuchs-Mikropfahl micropile installed before the commencement of the main piling works or section of the works for the purpose of establishing the suitability of the chosen type of micropile and/or for confirming the design, dimensions and bearing capacity 3.5 trial micropile fr: micropieu de faisabilit de: Eignungsversuchs-Mikropfahl micropile installed to assess the practicability and suitability of the construction method for a particular