BS EN 12188-1999 Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods - Determination of adhesion steel-to-steel for characterization of structu.pdf

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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12188:1999 The Euro

2、pean Standard EN 12188:1999 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.080.40 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures Test methods Determination of adhesion steel-to-steel for characterization o

3、f structural bonding agentsThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 September 1999 BSI 09-1999 ISBN 0 580 32578 4 BS EN 12188:19

4、99 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 12188:1999. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/517, Concrete, to Subcommittee B/517/8, Repair and protection of conc

5、rete, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in

6、the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entit

7、led “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Complian

8、ce with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 11 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was

9、last issued.EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12188 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM May 1999 ICS 91.080.40 English version Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures Test methods Determination of adhesion steel-to-steel for characterization of structural bonding agents Produits et

10、systmes pour la protection et la rparation des structures en bton Mthodes dessais Dtermination de ladhrence acier sur acier pour la caractrisation des produits de collage structural Produkte und Systeme fr den Schutz und die Instandsetzung von Betontragwerken Prfverfahren Bestimmung der Klebewirkung

11、 an Stahl fr die Charakterisierung der Eigenschaften von Klebstoffen fr konstruktive Zwecke This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 1999. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the stat

12、us of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A v

13、ersion in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, F

14、rance, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

15、 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref. No. EN 12188:1999 EPage 2 EN 12188:1999 BSI 09-1999 Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Principle 3 4 Terms and definitions 4 5 Test method 5 5.1 Sliding failu

16、re 5 5.2 Separation failure 5 6 Equipment 5 7 Slant shear test 5 7.1 Test specimens 5 7.2 Test procedure 6 8 Pull-off test 7 8.1 Test specimens 7 8.2 Test procedure 7 9 Test report 8 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 11 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC

17、 104, Concrete (performance, production, placing and compliance criteria), the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 1999, and conflicting n

18、ational standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,

19、Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. NOTE This European Standard should be read in conjunction with EN 1504-1 and prEN 1504-4.Page 3 EN 12188:1999 BSI 09-1999 1 Scope This European Standard describes a method f

20、or the characterization of structural polymer based bonding agents for use in applications such as steel plate structural bonding for the strengthening of concrete structures. It involves the determination of the slant shear strength and the pull-off strength. 2 Normative references This European St

21、andard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply

22、to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 24624, Paints and varnishes Pull-off test (ISO 4624:1978). EN 1542, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete str

23、uctures Test methods Pull-off test. 3 Principle The slant shear strength shall be determined using steel prism halves glued together with the bonding agent. The bond planes shall be inclined at various angles to the longitudinal axis of the prisms. The complete prisms shall be tested in axial compre

24、ssion. NOTE Stresses which occur in a joint made with a structural bonding agent can be resolved into normal stress, s. The object of the test methods described in this standard is to determine the relationship between s and t which meets the criterion f(s,t) = 0, i.e. to determine the shape of the

25、failure envelope which represents failure of the adhesive agent in the bonded joint. For the purposes of this standard, the failure envelope is defined by three straight lines on a plot of normal stress against shear stress at failure as shown in Figure 1. Conventionally, s values are plotted as abs

26、cissae and t values as ordinates. Failure of a bonding agent is governed by its strength parameters: coefficient of friction, cohesion and resistance to separation: the coefficient of friction m is the numerical value of the slope of the inclined lines in Figure 1; the cohesion c is the shear capaci

27、ty at s = 0; the resistance to separation f tis the pull-off strength e.g. the tensile capacity at t = 0 . As these values are constant for a particular material, the shape of the failure envelope can be used to characterize a material. The failure envelope can be explained as follows: sliding failu

28、re occurs when numerical values of shear stress t meet the inequality ms t - c ; separation failure occurs when the tensile stress exceeds the pull-off strength: s f t . As noted above and as can be seen from Figure 1, the failure envelope is formed by three straight lines. Stress fields within the

29、area containing the origin do not cause failure. As an option it is possible to extend the test to include a slant shear test in tension to fully complete the failure envelope in Figure 1.Page 4 EN 12188:1999 BSI 09-1999 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the followi

30、ng definitions apply. 4.1 compressive stress (s 0 ) the ratio of the compressive force (F) to the surface area (A c ) of the cross-section of the test specimen is:= c 0 A F s (MPa or N/mm 2 ) 4.2 normal and shear stress the normal stress (s) and shear stress (t) are the stresses at the inclined sect

31、ion of the test prism (see Figure 2b) in which: s = s 0 cos 2q (MPa or N/mm 2 ) q q s t sin cos 0 = (MPa or N/mm 2 ) where: q denotes the angle from the cross-section of the test prism to the inclined section, (see Figure 2a). 4.3 pull-off strength the maximum tensile stress carried by the bonded jo

32、int in a pull-off test as shown in Figure 3 4.4 separation failure a mode of failure where the failure occurs along a failure plane in such a way that the material on each side of the failure plane moves perpendicular to the failure plane 4.5 sliding failure a mode of failure where the failure occur

33、s along a failure plane in such a way that the material on each side of the failure plane moves parallel to the failure plane 4.6 slant shear strength the compressive strength of a scarf-jointed test prism where failure occurs along the inclined bonded jointPage 5 EN 12188:1999 BSI 09-1999 5 Test me

34、thod The failure envelope of the bonding agent (see Figure 1) shall be determined from the testing of the scarf-jointed prisms and from pull-off tests such that the failures occur entirely in the bonding agent. 5.1 Sliding failure Test prisms having inclined bonded joints, where q is equal to 50, 60

35、 and 70, shall be tested in compression until failure (see Figure 2a). The slant shear strengths and the failure modes shall be observed and recorded. The corresponding values of s and t shall be plotted in a (s ; t) co-ordinate system, and a straight line fitted by applying regression analysis tech

36、nique. From the position of this line the coefficient of friction, m, and the cohesion, c, shall be determined. 5.2 Separation failure The dollies shall be tested in tension by pull-off test until failure, (see Figure 3). The pull-off strength represents the resistance against separation f t . 6 Equ

37、ipment Compression testing machine, for testing scarf-jointed prisms shall be of a type capable of providing a constant stress rate between 0,1 MPa per second and 1,0 MPa per second. The testing apparatus for conducting the pull- off test shall be in accordance with EN 24624. Vernier gauge, for meas

38、uring joint thickness. 7 Slant shear test 7.1 Test specimens The test specimens shall be bonded steel prisms meeting the following requirements. 7.1.1 Dimensions Prismatic steel specimens having a square cross-section of 40 mm by 40 mm and a length of 160 mm shall be used. Each of the test prisms sh

39、all consist of two identical semi prisms produced from the 40 mm 40 mm 160 mm steel prism by a saw cut at an angle of q to the transverse axis of the prism see Figure 2a). The sawn surfaces shall be degreased using a suitable degreasing agent, for example acetone, and then shall be prepared by grit

40、blasting. The intent is to achieve a roughness sufficient to ensure a failure within the bond plane of the adhesive (see 7.2.5). Immediately on completion of grit blasting any surface dust shall be removed and the adhesive applied immediately. 7.1.2 Number of specimens For each set of prescribed tes

41、ting conditions a minimum of three specimens shall be tested for each of three angles. 7.1.3 Preparation Sets of two identical semi-prisms shall be bonded with the adhesive agent and clamped together to achieve a 1 mm to 2 mm thick bond line with no entrapped air voids. Appropriate spacers shall be

42、used to control the thickness of the bonding agent. The steel-to-steel bonding shall be carried out in accordance with the specification given by the manufacturer. After hardening, excess bonding agent shall be cut away. For each test prism the thickness of the bonding joint shall be determined as t

43、he average of the joint thicknesses measured at the mid-points of the four sides of the prism. The bonding agent shall be cured in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer.Page 6 EN 12188:1999 BSI 09-1999 7.1.4 Temperatures The resin and hardener component of the bonding agent shall b

44、e conditioned to a test temperature of (21 2) C, (60 10) % relative humidity before mixing. 7.1.5 Tolerances of the geometry Tolerances of the dimensions of the semi-prisms shall not be greater than 0,1 mm. Each of the long faces of the bonded test prisms shall lie between two parallel planes 0,20 m

45、m apart. 7.2 Test procedure 7.2.1 Temperature The test prisms shall be maintained at the temperature specified for not less than 16 h before testing commences. Testing shall be carried out at (21 2) C, (60 10) % relative humidity unless any other temperature condition is agreed. 7.2.2 Extreme temper

46、atures For testing at extremes of environmental conditions, alternative conditioning and testing temperatures shall be used. 7.2.3 Loading procedure The loading procedure shall be in accordance with the specification for the testing machine. The scarf-jointed prisms shall be loaded according to the

47、standard procedures for testing cylinders for compressive strength. The rate of axial stress shall be between 0,5 MPa/s (N/mm 2 /s) and 1,0 MPa/s (N/mm 2 /s) (see Figure 2). 7.2.4 Failure modes Various failure modes are possible for the scarf-jointed prisms. The failure modes achieved shall be descr

48、ibed and reported. An acceptable failure mode will pass entirely through the adhesion agent. A test of a scarf-jointed prism shall be rejected if a sliding failure occurs at the interface between the steel surface and the adhesion agent. However, it is acceptable if not more than 10 % of the sliding

49、 area takes place at the interface. 7.2.5 Calculation of the slant shear strength The slant shear strength (s 0 ) shall be calculated for each specimen by dividing the load at failure by the cross-sectional area of the prism and expressing the results in units of MPa (N/mm 2 ). The determination of and c shall be carried out by linear regression analysis. The mean slant shear strength of scarf-jointed prisms having equal values of angle q of joint shall be calculated to the nearest 0,1 MPa for the