BS EN 1991-1-1-2002 Eurocode 1 Actions on structures - General actions - Densities self-weight imposed loads for buildings《欧洲法规 1 对结构的作用 一般作用 建筑物的密度、自重和强制负荷》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1991-1-1:2002 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 1-1: General actions Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.01 Incorporating corrigenda December 2004 and March 2009This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards

2、Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 July 2002 BSI 2010 ISBN 978 0 580 66415 1 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 15507 Corrigendum No.1 15 December 2004 Addition of supersession details 28 February 2010 Implementation of CEN corrigendum March 2009 BS EN 1991-1-1:20

3、02 This British Standard having National foreword The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials, concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium; this is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the rel

4、evant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the coexistence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available. Following publication of the EN, there is a period of 2 years allowed for the national calibration pe

5、riod during which the National Annex is issued, followed by a three year coexistence period. During the coexistence period Member States will be encouraged to adapt their national provisions to withdraw conflicting national rules before the end of the coexistent period. The Commission in consultatio

6、n with Member States is expected to agree the end of the coexistence period for each package of Eurocodes. At the end of this coexistence period, the national standard(s) will be withdrawn. In the UK, the following national standards are superseded by the Eurocode 1 series. These standards will be w

7、ithdrawn on a date to be announced. Eurocode Superseded British Standards EN 1991-1-1 BS 6399-1:1996 EN 1991-1-2 none EN 1991-1-3 BS 6399-3:1988 EN 1991-1-4 BS 6399-2:1997, BS 5400-2:1978* EN 1991-1-5 BS 5400-2:1978* EN 1991-1-6 none EN 1991-1-7 none EN 1991-2 BS 5400-1:1988, BS 5400-2:1978* EN 1991

8、-3 none EN 1991-4 none * N.B. BS 5400-2:1978 will not be fully superseded until publication of Annex A.2 to BS EN 1990:2002. This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1991-1-1:2002, incorporating corrigendum March 2009. It supersedes DD ENV 1991-2-1:1966, which is withdrawn. Details of su

9、perseded British Standards are given in the table below. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum March 2009 is indicated in the text by . The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Com

10、mittee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/1, Actions, loadings and basis of design. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the natio

11、nal level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a Note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in t

12、he EN. To enable EN 1991-1-1 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a National Annex which will be made available by BSI in due course, after public consultation has taken place. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsib

13、le for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BS EN 1991-1-1:2002 iiii blankEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN199111 April2002 ICS91.010.30 SupersedesENV199121:1995 Englishversion Eurocode1:ActionsonstructuresPart11:G

14、eneralactions Densities,selfweight,imposedloadsforbuildings Eurocode1:ActionssurlesstructuresPartie11:Actions gnralesPoidsvolumiques,poidspropres,charges dexploitationbtiments Eurocode1:EinwirkungenaufTragwerkeTeil11: Wichten,EigengewichtundNutzlastenimHochbau ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon3

15、0November2001. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropean Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCe

16、ntreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusastheofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodi

17、esofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG ManagementCentre:

18、ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2002CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN199111:2002E Incorporating corrigendum March 2009EN199111:2002(E) 2 CONTENTS Page FOREWORD 4 BACKGROUNDOFTHE EUROCODEPROGRAMME. 4 STATUSANDFIELDOFAPPLICATIONOF EUROCOD

19、ES. 5 NATIONAL STANDARDSIMPLEMENTING EUROCODES 6 LINKSBETWEEN EUROCODESANDHARMONISEDTECHNICALSPECIFICATIONS (ENSAND ETAS) FOR PRODUCTS. 6 ADDITIONALINFORMATIONSPECIFICFOR EN199111 6 NATIONALANNEXFOR EN199111 7 SECTION1GENERAL 8 1.1S COPE . 8 1.2N ORMATIVE REFERENCES. 9 1.3D ISTINCTIONBETWEEN PRINCIP

20、LESAND APPLICATION RULES 9 1.4T ERMSANDDEFINITIONS . 10 1.5S YMBOLS 11 SECTION2CLASSIFICATIONOFACTIONS 12 2.1S ELF WEIGHT 12 2.2I MPOSEDLOADS 12 SECTION3DESIGNSITUATIONS 14 3.1G ENERAL 14 3.2P ERMANENTLOADS 14 3.3I MPOSEDLOADS 14 3.3.1General 14 3.3.2Additionalprovisionsforbuildings. 15 SECTION4DENS

21、ITIESOFCONSTRUCTIONANDSTOREDMATERIALS . 16 4.1G ENERAL 16 SECTION5SELFWEIGHTOFCONSTRUCTIONWORKS 17 5.1R EPRESENTATIONOFACTIONS 17 5.2C HARACTERISTICVALUESOFSELF WEIGHT 17 5.2.1General 17 5.2.2Additionalprovisionsforbuildings. 17 5.2.3Additionalprovisionsspecificforbridges. 18 SECTION6IMPOSEDLOADSONB

22、UILDINGS . 19 6.1R EPRESENTATIONOFACTIONS 19 6.2L OADARRANGEMENTS 19 6.2.1Floors,beamsandroofs 19 6.2.2Columnsandwalls 19 6.3C HARACTERISTICVALUESOF IMPOSED LOADS . 20 6.3.1Residential,social,commercialandadministrationareas . 20 6.3.1.1Categories20 6.3.1.2Valuesofactions.21 6.3.2Areasforstorageandi

23、ndustrialactivities 24 6.3.2.1Categories24 6.3.2.2ValuesforActions.24 6.3.2.3Actionsinducedbyforklifts 25 6.3.2.4Actionsinducedbytransportvehicles.26 BS EN199111:2002EN199111:2002(E) 3 6.3.2.5Actionsinducedbyspecialdevicesformaintenance.27 6.3.3Garagesandvehicletrafficareas(excludingbridges) . 27 6.

24、3.3.1Categories27 6.3.3.2Valuesofactions.27 6.3.4Roofs . 28 6.3.4.1Categories28 6.3.4.2Valuesofactions.29 6.4H ORIZONTALLOADSONPARAPETSANDPARTITIONWALLSACTINGASBARRIERS 30 LOADEDAREAS. 31 ANNEXA (INFORMATIVE)TABLESFORNOMINALDENSITYOFCONSTRUCTION MATERIALS,ANDNOMINALDENSITYANDANGLESOFREPOSEFORSTORED

25、MATERIALS 32 ANNEXB (INFORMATIVE) VEHICLEBARRIERSANDPARAPETSFORCARPARKS . 43 BS EN199111:2002EN199111:2002(E) 4 Foreword Thisdocument(EN199111:2002)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommittee CEN/TC250“StructuralEurocodes“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyBSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of

26、 a national standard, either by publicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyOctober2002,and conflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyMarch2010. CEN/TC250isresponsibleforallStructuralEurocodes. ThisdocumentsupersedesENV199121:1995. TheannexesAandBareinformative. According

27、totheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandards organizationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropean Standard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany, Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Spain,Sweden,Switzerlandandth

28、eUnitedKingdom. BackgroundoftheEurocodeprogramme In1975,theCommissionoftheEuropeanCommunitydecidedonanactionprogramme inthefieldofconstruction,basedonarticle95oftheTreaty.Theobjectiveofthe programmewastheeliminationoftechnicalobstaclestotradeandtheharmonisationof technicalspecifications. Withinthisa

29、ctionprogramme,theCommissiontooktheinitiativetoestablishasetof harmonisedtechnicalrulesforthedesignofconstructionworkswhich,inafirststage, wouldserveasanalternativetothenationalrulesinforceintheMemberStatesand, ultimately,wouldreplacethem. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steeri

30、ng Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme,whichledtothefirstgenerationofEuropeancodesinthe1980s. In1989,theCommissionandtheMemberStatesoftheEUandEFTAdecided,onthe basisofanagreement 1 betweentheCommissionandCEN,totransferthepreparation a

31、ndthepublicationoftheEurocodestoCENthroughaseriesofMandates,inorderto providethemwithafuturestatusofEuropeanStandard(EN).Thislinks defacto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Councils Directives and/or Commissions DecisionsdealingwithEuropeanstandards(e.g.theCouncilDirective89/106/EECon 1 A

32、greementbetweentheCommissionoftheEuropeanCommunitiesandtheEuropeanCommitteeforStandardisation(CEN) concerningtheworkonEUROCODESforthedesignofbuildingandcivilengineeringworks(BC/CEN/03/89). BS EN199111:2002EN199111:2002(E) 5 construction products CPD and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89

33、/440/EEConpublicworksandservicesandequivalentEFTADirectivesinitiatedin pursuitofsettinguptheinternalmarket). The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consistingofanumberofParts: EN1990 Eurocode: BasisofStructuralDesign EN1991 Eurocode1: Actionsonstructures EN1992

34、 Eurocode2: Designofconcretestructures EN1993 Eurocode3: Designofsteelstructures EN1994 Eurocode4: Designofcompositesteelandconcretestructures EN1995 Eurocode5: Designoftimberstructures EN1996 Eurocode6: Designofmasonrystructures EN1997 Eurocode7: Geotechnicaldesign EN1998 Eurocode8: Designofstructu

35、resforearthquakeresistance EN1999 Eurocode9: Designofaluminiumstructures Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each MemberStateandhavesafeguardedtheirrighttodeterminevaluesrelatedtoregulatory safetymattersatnationallevelwherethesecontinuetovaryfromStatetoState.

36、 StatusandfieldofapplicationofEurocodes TheMemberStatesoftheEUandEFTArecognisethatEurocodesserveasreference documentsforthefollowingpurposes: as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential

37、 RequirementN1MechanicalresistanceandstabilityandEssentialRequirement N2Safetyincaseoffire; as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services; asaframeworkfordrawingupharmonisedtechnicalspecificationsforconstruction products(ENsandETAs) TheEurocodes,asfarast

38、heyconcerntheconstructionworksthemselves,haveadirect relationship with the Interpretative Documents 2 referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, althoughtheyareofadifferentnaturefromharmonisedproductstandards 3 .Therefore, technicalaspectsarisingfromtheEurocodesworkneedtobeadequatelyconsideredby 2 Accord

39、ingtoArt.3.3oftheCPD,theessentialrequirements(ERs)shallbegivenconcreteformininterpretativedocumentsfor thecreationofthenecessarylinksbetweentheessentialrequirementsandthemandatesforharmonisedENsandETAGs/ETAs. 3 AccordingtoArt.12oftheCPDtheinterpretativedocumentsshall: a) giveconcreteformtotheessenti

40、alrequirementsbyharmonisingtheterminologyandthetechnicalbasesandindicatingclassesorlevels foreachrequirementwherenecessary; b) indicatemethodsofcorrelatingtheseclassesorlevelsofrequirementwiththetechnicalspecifications,e.g.methodsofcalculationand ofproof,technicalrulesforprojectdesign,etc.; c) serve

41、asareferencefortheestablishmentofharmonisedstandardsandguidelinesforEuropeantechnicalapprovals. TheEurocodes, defacto ,playasimilarroleinthefieldoftheER1andapartofER2. BS EN199111:2002EN199111:2002(E) 6 CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standardswithaviewto achie

42、ving full compatibility of these technical specifications withtheEurocodes. TheEurocodestandardsprovidecommonstructuraldesign rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of construction or design condi

43、tions are not specificallycoveredandadditionalexpertconsiderationwillberequiredbythedesigner insuchcases. NationalStandardsimplementingEurocodes The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode(includinganyannexes),aspublishedbyCEN,whichmaybeprecededbya Natio

44、naltitlepageandNationalforeword,andmaybefollowedbyaNationalannex. TheNationalannexmayonlycontaininformationonthoseparameterswhichareleft openintheEurocodefornationalchoice,knownasNationallyDeterminedParameters, tobeusedforthedesignofbuildingsandcivilengineeringworkstobeconstructedin thecountryconcerned, i.e.: valuesand/orclasseswherealternativesaregivenintheEurocode, valuestobeusedwhereasymbolonlyisgivenintheEurocode, countryspecifi