BS EN 1925-1999 Natural stone test methods - Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity《天然石料的试验方法 用毛细管法测定吸水率》.pdf

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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1925:1999 The Europ

2、ean Standard EN 1925:1999 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.15 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Natural stone test methods Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarityThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction o

3、f the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 August 1999 BSI 08-1999 ISBN 0 580 32290 4 BS EN 1925:1999 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Sta

4、ndard is the English language version of EN 1925:1999. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/545, Natural stone, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpre

5、tation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which

6、implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not

7、purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside fro

8、nt cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed throughout the document indicates when the document was last issued.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue

9、de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1925:1999 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1925 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM March 1999 ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 English version Natural stone test meth

10、ods Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity Me thodes dessai pour pierres naturelles De termination du coefficient dabsorption deau par capillarite Pru fverfahren fu r Naturstein Bestimmung des Wasseraufnahmekoeffizienten infolge Kapillarwirkung This European Standard was approv

11、ed by CEN on 12 February 1999. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national

12、 standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notifi

13、ed to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and

14、 United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 1925:1999 BSI 08-1999 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246, Natural stones, the Secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical

15、 text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 1999. This draft standard is one of the series of draft standards for tests on natural stone. Test methods for natural stone consist of the following parts. EN 1

16、926, Natural stone test methods Determination of compressive strength. EN 1936, Natural stone test methods Determination of real density and apparent density and of total and open porosity. EN 12370, Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to salt crystallization. prEN 12371, Natural

17、stone test methods Determination of frost resistance. EN 12372, Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load. prEN 12407, Natural stone test methods Petrographic description. prEN 13161, Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under cons

18、tant moment. prEN 13364, Natural stone test methods Determination of the breaking load at a dowel hole. prEN (WI 00246011), Natural stone test methods Determination of thermal dilatation coefficient. prEN (WI 00246012), Natural stone test methods Determination of sound Speed propagation. prEN (WI 00

19、246014), Natural stone test methods Determination of abrasion resistance. prEN (WI 00246015), Natural stone test methods Determination of Knoop hardness. prEN (WI 00246016), Natural stone test methods Determination of thermal shock resistance. prEN (WI 00246017), Natural stone test methods Determina

20、tion of slip coefficient. prEN (WI 00246018), Natural stone test methods Determination of static elastic modulus. prEN (WI 00246019), Natural stone test methods Determination of rupture energy. prEN (WI 00246030), Natural stone test methods Determination of surface finishes (rugosity). prEN 13373, N

21、atural stone test methods Determination of geometric characteristics on units. prEN (WI 00246032), Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to ageing by salt mist. prEN (WI 00246033), Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to ageing by humidity, temperature, SO 2 action

22、. prEN (WI 00246035), Natural stone test methods Determination of dynamic elastic modulus (by fundamental resonance frequency). prEN (WI 00246036), Natural stone test methods Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure. It is intended that other ENs should call up EN 1925 as the basis

23、of evaluation of conformity. Nevertheless, it is not intended that all natural stones products should be subjected regularly to all the listed tests. Specifications in other standards should call up only relevant test methods. This European Standard has an annex A (informative) and an annex B (infor

24、mative). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, No

25、rway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Principle 3 4 Symbols 3 5 Apparatus 3 6 Preparation of the specimens 3 7 Test procedure 4 8 Expression of results 4 9 Test report 5 Annex A (informative) Calculation of wa

26、ter absorption coefficient by capillarity by means of a non-linear regression function 6 Annex B (informative) Bibliography related to annex A 7Page 3 EN 1925:1999 BSI 08-1999 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for determining the water absorption coefficient of natural stone by capil

27、larity. NOTE This method is not suitable for stones with an open porosity less than 1 % when determined in accordance with EN 1936. 2 Normative references The present European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cite

28、d at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed below. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the last edition of

29、 the publication referred to applies. prEN 12670, Natural stones Terminology. EN 1936, Natural stone test methods Determination of real density and apparent density and of total and open porosity. prEN 12440, Denomination of natural stone. 3 Principle After drying to a constant mass, the specimen is

30、 immersed in (3 1) mm of water on one of its sides (never the worked side) and the increase in mass is measured as a function of time. 4 Symbols m d mass of the dry specimen, in grams; m i successive masses of the specimen during testing, in grams; A area of the side immersed in water, in square met

31、res; t i times elapsed from the beginning of the test until the times at which the successive masses m i were measured, in seconds; C 1 water absorption coefficient by capillarity perpendicular to the planes of anisotropy of the stone, in grams per square metre per square root of seconds; C 2 water

32、absorption coefficient by capillarity parallel to the planes of anisotropy of the stone, in grams per square metre per square root of seconds. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Covered tank, with flat base comprising small non-oxidizing and non-absorbent supports for the specimens. 5.2 Device, able to maintain a cons

33、tant water level in the tank, described in 5.1. 5.3 Time counter, with an accuracy of 1 s. 5.4 Ventilated oven, which can maintain a temperature of (70 5)8C. 5.5 Weighing instrument, with an accuracy of 0,01 g. 5.6 Linear measuring device, with an accuracy of 0,05 mm. 5.7 Air conditioned room, with

34、(20 5)8C. 6 Preparation of the specimens 6.1 Sampling Sampling is not the responsibility of the test laboratory except where especially requested. At least six specimens shall be selected from a homogenous batch and tested for each direction of rise of water in relation to the position of any anisot

35、ropy planes (e.g. bedding planes, foliation, etc.) which shall be marked on all specimens by at least two parallel lines. The specimens shall be rough cut or may have one or two polished or honed faces. These faces are to be placed vertically (the worked face shall never be the immersed face). 6.2 D

36、imensions of the test specimens The test specimens shall be cubes with (70 5) mm or (50 5) mm edge or right circular cylinders whose diameter and height are equal to (70 5) mm or (50 5) mm. 6.3 Drying the specimens The test specimens are to be dried to constant mass in a ventilated oven at a tempera

37、ture of (70 5)8C. Constant mass is reached when the difference between two successive weighings at an interval of (24 2) h is not greater than 0,1 % of the mass of the specimen. The specimens shall be kept in a desiccator until room temperature (20 5)8C is attained.Page 4 EN 1925:1999 BSI 08-1999 Le

38、gend Y is the water absorption in g/m 2 X is the square root of time in s 0,5 Figure 1 Water absorption by capillarity perpendicular to the planes of anisotropy as a function of the square root of time for a specimen with a low water absorption coefficient (C 1 = 86,0 g/m 2 s 0,5 ) 7 Test procedure

39、Weigh the specimens after drying (m d ) to an accuracy of 0,01 g and calculate the area of the base to be immersed by measurement of two medians to the nearest 0,1 mm. Express this area in square metres. Place the specimens in the tank on the thin supports provided such that they only rest partially

40、 on their base. Ensure that the position of the planes of anisotropy in relation to the rising water matches the requirements. Immerse the base in the water to a depth of (3 1) mm. Start the timer device. Maintain the water level constant throughout the test by adding water as necessary, and close t

41、he container to avoid evaporation of the damp specimens. At time intervals, initially very short then longer, remove each specimen in succession, lightly dry the immersed part using a damp cloth to remove all water droplets and weigh immediately to the nearest 0,01 g, then replace in the container.

42、Record the time elapsed since the start of the test until the time of each weighing. NOTE The choice of times depends on the type of stone. For a highly absorbent stone, suitable times t 1 are: 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 480 and 1 440 min. For a low absorption stone, suitable times are: 30, 60, 180, 4

43、80, 1 440, 2 880 and 4 320 min. These times will be measured with an accuracy of 5 %. A minimum of 7 measurements is necessary. The end of the test is reached when the differences between two successive weighings is not greater than 1 % of the mass of water absorbed by the specimen. 8 Expression of

44、results Show as a graph the mass of water absorbed in grams divided by the area of the immersed base of the specimen in square metres as a function of the square root of time expressed in seconds. NOTE 1 In general, graphs are obtained as shown in Figure 1. These can be approximated by two straight

45、lines. If the correlation coefficient between the measured points of the first part of the graph and the regression straight line of this first part is respectively greater than 0,90 (when at least five measurements were taken in the first part of the graph) or than 0,95 (when only four measurements

46、 were taken), the coefficient of water absorption by capillarity C 1 or C 2 (in grams per square metre per square root of time in seconds) is represented by the slope of the C 1 respectively C 2 regression line. It can be calculated as the ratio between the ordinate and abscissa of any point of this

47、 line using the following formula: C 1 or C 2 = m i 2 m d A. t i The obtained values of C 1 or C 2 are expressed to three significant figures. NOTE 2 This approximate formula cannot be used if the correlation coefficient between the measured points of the first part of the graph and the regression s

48、traight line of this part is not satisfactory (see above). Annex A (informative) gives an equation more appropriate for this kind of test result.Page 5 EN 1925:1999 BSI 08-1999 9 Test report The test report shall contain the following information: a) unique identification number of the report; b) th

49、e number, title and date of issue of this European Standard; c) the name and address of the test laboratory and the address where the test was carried out if different from the test laboratory; d) the name and address of the client; e) it is the responsibility of the client to supply the following information: the petrographic name of the stone; the commercial name of the stone in accordance with prEN 12440; the country and region of extraction; the name of the