BS 8887-211-2012 Design for manufacture assembly disassembly and end-of-life processing (MADE) Specification for reworking and remarketing of computing hardware《制造 组装 拆卸和消毁过程(MADE).pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 8887-211:2012Design for manufacture,assembly, disassembly andend-of-life processing (MADE)Part 211: Specification forreworking and remarketing ofcomputing hardwarePublishing a

2、nd copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 75859 1ICS 01.110; 03.100.50; 35.020The following BSI references relate to the work on t

3、his standard:Committee reference TDW/4/7Draft for comment 11/30248949 DCPublication historyFirst published August 2012Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 8887-211:2012 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiIntroduction 11 Scope 32 Normative references 33 Terms and definitions 34 Cat

4、egories of product flows into the reworking and remarketingprocess 55 Rework procedure 56 Remarketing 8AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Benefits of remarketing computing hardware products 9Bibliography 10List of figuresFigure 1 Remarketed product lifecycle 2Summary of pagesThis document comprises a fron

5、t cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8887-211:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 iForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 8887 is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standar

6、ds Institution and came into effect on 31 August 2012. It wasprepared by Subcommittee TDW/4/7, BS 8887 Design for MADE, under theauthority of Technical Committee TDW/4, Technical product realization. A list oforganizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.Rela

7、tionship with other publicationsBS 8887 is published in several parts, including: Part 1: General concepts, processes and requirements; Part 2: Terms and definitions; Part 220: The process of remanufacture Specification; Part 240: Reconditioning.BS 8887-211 is intended to be read in conjunction with

8、 PAS 141, which dealswith the processes for product or component recovery, for reuse from thoseproduct flows committed to the waste electrical and electronic equipmentprocess.Information about this documentDocuments numbered Part 1 to Part 99 are general MADE standards. Documentsnumbered Part 100 to

9、 Part 199 are related to manufacture and assembly.Documents numbered Part 200 to Part 299 are related to disassembly andend-of-life.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrequirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal

10、auxiliary verb is“shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are resp

11、onsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8887-211:2012ii The British Standards Institution 2012IntroductionThe aim of this part of BS 8887 is to give IT sector remarketers the vocabularyand procedures neede

12、d to accurately define their products. This is neededbecause the industry sells a variety of used products under a number ofdifferent grades.BS 8887-211 defines the following: remanufactured; refurbished; repaired; unopened product returns; and upgraded.This enables the user to understand the proces

13、ses undertaken by the resellerand the level of the final products quality.The term “remarketed product” is used in the computer hardware industry andrefers to a product that cannot be sold as new, even when sold through theOriginal Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) primary or standard channels tomarket.

14、 Some OEMs have specialist or dedicated channels to market theirremarketed products. Within the computing hardware industry, the phrasesremarket and resale are treated as synonymous.Remarketed products range from being similar to a new product, having notbeen used and in original or unopened packagi

15、ng, through to older productsthat have been used and are being sold to a second or third user in theirlifecycle (see Figure 1). Market demand for such products is driven by the variousbenefits derived from the use of remarketed products (see Annex A), andmarket supply is satisfied through the variou

16、s categories of product as describedin Clause 4.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8887-211:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 1Figure 1 Remarketed product lifecycle?REMANUFACTUREBRITISH STANDARDBS 8887-211:20122 The British Standards Institution 20121 ScopeThis part of BS 8887 specifies the process for r

17、eworking and remarketing usedcomputing hardware by the following categories of organizations.a) OEMs (tier 1).b) OEM-contracted and authorized service providers (tier 2).c) Independent remarketing companies and service providers.NOTE 1 A remarketed product can also be sold direct by the original or

18、currentuser to a new user, generally with no reworking, or assurances or warranty offered.Such arrangements are not within the scope of this part of BS 8887.NOTE 2 There might be differences between each tier in the levels of expertise,capability and available resources, so the tier through which a

19、used product isreturned and processed can affect the category of remarketing and depth ofreworking required.This part of BS 8887 is applicable to the reworking and remarketing of hardwareand, where relevant, the operating system software and firmware, but does notapply to application software or per

20、sonal productivity tools.It is intended to be used in conjunction with BS 8887-1, BS 8887-2, BS 8887-220,BS 8887-240 and PAS 141.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated referen

21、ces, onlythe edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 8887-1, Design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end-of-lifeprocessing (MADE) Part 1: General concepts, process and requirementsBS 8887-2, Design fo

22、r manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end-of-lifeprocessing (MADE) Part 2: Terms and definitionsBS 8887-220, Design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end-of-lifeprocessing (MADE) Part 220: The process of remanufacture SpecificationBS 8887-240, Design for manufacture, assembly, disassembl

23、y and end-of-lifeprocessing (MADE) Part 240: ReconditioningPAS 141, Reuse of used and waste electrical and electronic equipment (UEEE andWEEE) Process management Specification3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the terms and definitions given inBS 8887-1, BS 8887-2 and

24、the following apply.3.1 componentelectrical or mechanical hardware part of a product or larger sub-assembly3.2 computing hardwarecomputer system or peripheral manufactured for use, sale or lease, including theoperating system but not necessarily any application softwareNOTE Such products include des

25、ktop PCs, laptops, servers, monitors, keyboards,printers, and storage or network devices.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8887-211:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 33.3 demanufactureprocess of non-destructive product disassemblyNOTE This activity takes place in a full production environment as part of

26、 anend-to-end dedicated remanufacturing or reprocessing process.3.4 productcomplete and fully functional computing hardware system or peripheralNOTE To be viewed as synonymous with computing hardware.3.5 refurbishmentprocess of providing a clean repaired product that can be brought back to atleast t

27、he operational condition from the original point of manufacture withminor or no cosmetic flawsNOTE Refurbishment is synonymous with reconditioning within the remarketing ofcomputer equipment hardware.3.6 remanufacturingprocess that brings a previously used product back to at least its originalmanufa

28、ctured state, in an “as-new” condition both cosmetically and functionally3.7 remarketsell product that has previously been soldNOTE 1 To be viewed as synonymous with resale.NOTE 2 Such products can be used or unused, but cannot be described as oroffered as new; further explanation can be found in Cl

29、ause 4.3.8 repairact of fixing or correcting an identified fault, defect or damage to return theproduct to a usable stateNOTE For fault definitions, see 5.1.2.3.9 resaleproduct sold for a second or subsequent time3.10 reuseuse of a product for a further life of the same purpose beyond its initial li

30、fe3.11 reworklevel of intervention that a product might receiveNOTE This can be a process to remanufacture, recondition, refurbish or repair aproduct in order to make it usable again and/or saleable as a remarketed product.3.12 upgradeenhancement or improvement of the products performance by increas

31、ingfunction or capacityNOTE This may involve the substitution, replacement, or addition of hardwareparts, firmware or software to extend the original capability.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8887-211:20124 The British Standards Institution 20124 Categories of product flows into the reworkingand remarketing pro

32、cessProducts for reworking and remarketing can originate from:a) manufacturing overstock direct from the factory where a drop in marketdemand has resulted in excess inventory against current sales activity;b) new, unopened and unused products returned from surplus inventory fromdistribution or resel

33、ler channel partners;c) products used for demonstration or display models, including fairs andevents, marketing campaigns, and evaluation by the trade or general press;d) opened-box returns from business or consumer customers where:1) the product has been used for a short time by a customer, such as

34、 aproof-of-concept trial, comparison testing, a “try-and-buy” offer, a freeloan to replace other failed products, or products that did not performto specification or the required standard;2) the product was not used, e.g. an incorrect order or delivery, or remorsepurchase;3) the end user/customer ha

35、s changed their requirements and wants topurchase an alternative product, potentially without deploying theoriginal ordered product;e) defective product (non-working when first taken out of the box, known as“dead on arrival”, or “DOA”), or a repair within the warranty period whenreturned to the OEM,

36、 or broken or damaged in transit, etc.;f) used product from business users (end-of-lease returns, product traded-inagainst a new purchase, a repurchase from the end user independent of anew purchase, the open market, or product that has been rented out to thecustomer).5 Rework procedure5.1 Assessmen

37、t of rework level required5.1.1 An initial commercial assessment, based on age, type, expected conditionand market demand, shall be made to determine the likelihood of generating aproduct fit for remarketing. The aim of this assessment is to decide if furtherinvestigation of the computer hardware is

38、 justified. If the equipment fails thisinitial test, it shall be disposed of appropriately.NOTE 1 This assessment can be performed by a description provided by the supplierof the equipment and does not need to be rigorous at this stage.NOTE 2 When disposing of electrical equipment, attention is draw

39、n to the WasteElectrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 2002/96/EC 1.5.1.2 If the initial assessment is passed, the product shall be submitted fortesting and inspection (see Notes 1 and 2). When completed, a furthercommercial assessment shall be made on what rework is then undertaken (see

40、Note 3).NOTE 1 The level of inspection should be tailored to the return channels of theproduct. For example, products from return categories Clause 4, items a) and b)do not need to be tested if their legal seals are intact unless there is damage to theouter packaging, whereas products from categorie

41、s Clause 4, items e) and f) need amore robust inspection and testing procedure in place.NOTE 2 Testing can include visual, performance and working examinations.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8887-211:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 5NOTE 3 The criteria for determining the rework to be undertaken ca

42、n include thefollowing.a) Resale value: what can be achieved in the used computing hardware market,dependent upon the minimum or preferred level of rework required?b) Product functionality: can it be repaired, and if so at what cost?c) Product cosmetic condition: is it damaged beyond economic repair

43、?d) What the technology gap is to the latest production models: is it viable toupgrade?e) Where the product is within the overall product-set technology lifecycle, can itbe made suitable for reuse, or is the technology now too old and/or no demandexists?5.1.3 The analysis shall be used to determine

44、the level of rework undertaken.The potential return from remarketing shall be used as the main basis for thisdecision. Depending on this decision, some products can be disassembled forcomponent reuse or recycling where there is no economic viability. Products thatare economically viable shall underg

45、o one of the procedures specified in 5.2.NOTE Volume might have a bearing on the decision for rework for all tiers seeScope, items a) to c), as a large volume of product (for example, more than 1 000units) might provide an alternative rework option. The cost of rework per unit mightbe unviable in te

46、rms of repair time or replacement parts, but within a large volumeit might be possible to create usable units by component exchange. Thus, a certainnumber of units can be rendered unusable through parts removal, but theremainder are economically rebuilt from other donor products.5.2 Requirements for

47、 processes in preparing for remarketingNOTE 1 The process descriptions in this subclause are in addition and specific to thecomputing hardware industry.NOTE 2 To ensure safe operation, attention is drawn to The Provision and Use ofWork Equipment Regulations 1998 2 and the Electricity at Work Regulat

48、ions 19893. For example, portable appliance testing (PAT) should be performed on allproducts, with the exception of excess new or overstock.5.2.1 Excess new and unused returnsNOTE Products that are unopened, meaning the legal seals are intact on thepackaging, and whose outer packaging is not signifi

49、cantly damaged, may be sold onas excess or overstock. These products have generally been sourced as excess stockfrom an OEM supplier.Returned product that is unused, but whose packaging has been opened and issignificantly damaged, shall undergo functional testing to ensure the productperforms to specification. The product can be resold as an “unused return”when this test has been passed.5.2.2 Repair5.2.2.1 An electrical or mechanical repair shall be carried out where appropriateto return a product back to a defined working state o