BS 8220-2-1995 Guide for security of buildings against crime Offices and shops《建筑物防盗安全指南 办公室和商店》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 8220-2:1995 Guide for Security of buildings against crime Part 2: Offices and shops NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS 8220-2:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building and Civil Engineering Sector Bo

2、ard (B/-), was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect of 15 May 1995 BSI 10-1999 First published June 1987 Second edition May 1995 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/209/10 Draft for comment 91/14224 DC ISBN 0 5

3、80 23692 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Technical Committee B/209, General building codes, to Subcommittee B/209/10, Security of buildings, upon which the following bodies were represented: Building Employers Confedera

4、tion Chartered Institute of Building Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Department of the Environment (Construction Directorate) Local Authority Organizations National Council of Building Material Producers National House-Building Council Royal Institute of British Architects Royal

5、 Institution of Chartered Surveyors The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Aluminium Window Association Association of Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association of Building Engineers Association of Burglary Insurance Surveyors

6、British Lock Manufacturers Association British Retail Consortium British Security Industry Association British Standards Society British Woodworking Federation Chief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers Association Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of the Environment (Building Research Establ

7、ishment) Door and Shutter Manufacturers Association Electricity Association Flat Glass Manufacturers Association Glass and Glazing Federation Guild of Architectural Ironmongers HM Customs and Excise Home Office International Professional Security Association Loss Prevention Council Master Locksmiths

8、 Association Metropolitan Police Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS 8220-2:1995 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ix 0 Introduction 1 Section 1. General guidance 1.1 Scope 3 1.2 References 3 1.3 Definitions 4 1.4 Criminal activit

9、ies 4 1.5 Consequences of crime 6 1.6 Risk assessment for cost effective security 7 1.7 Planning security 7 1.8 Fire/emergency and other constraints on security 7 1.9 Safety and health 8 1.10 Insurance 9 Section 2. Management aspects of security 2.1 General 11 2.2 Using the guide to improve security

10、 11 2.3 Local crime pattern 11 2.4 Criminal damage 11 2.5 Security staff 11 2.6 Windows 11 2.7 Doors and shutters 11 2.8 Glazing 11 2.9 Building fabric 12 2.10 Other access points 12 2.11 Perimeter 12 2.12 Lighting 12 2.13 Intruder alarm systems 12 2.14 Telephones 12 2.15 Telephone cables 12 2.16 Hi

11、gh-risk areas 12 2.17 Surveillance systems 12 2.18 Access control 12 2.19 Goods storage, despatch and reception 13 2.20 Especially valuable goods 13 2.21 Goods vehicle drivers 13 2.22 Contractors employees 13 2.23 Staff integrity 13 2.24 Key security 13 2.25 Guard dogs 13 2.26 Day-to-day supervision

12、 13 2.27 Checking and maintenance security measures 13 2.28 Emergencies 13 2.29 Personal attack 13 2.30 Public address system 13 2.31 Mechanical handling equipment 13BS 8220-2:1995 ii BSI 10-1999 Page Section 3. Planning and design 3.1 Expert advice 15 3.2 The site 15 3.3 Security plan 16 3.4 Extern

13、al and structural features 16 3.5 Building interior 20 3.6 Fire precautions 22 3.7 Safety and health considerations 22 3.8 Insurance 22 Section 4. Selecting and adapting existing premises 4.1 Site and building appraisal 23 4.2 External walls 23 4.3 Windows 23 4.4 Doors and shutters 24 4.5 Grilles an

14、d collapsible gates 24 4.6 Roofs 24 4.7 Other access points through roofs and walls 24 4.8 Perimeter security 25 4.9 Lighting 25 4.10 Intruder detector and alarm systems 25 4.11 Surveillance systems 25 4.12 Telephone lines 25 4.13 Goods storage, reception and despatch areas 25 4.14 High-risk items 2

15、5 4.15 Hazardous goods and dangerous substances 25 4.16 Security staff 25 Section 5. Windows 5.1 Security risks 27 5.2 Security measures 27 5.3 Window materials and construction 27 5.4 Fixed windows 29 5.5 Fixed bars and grilles for openable and fixed windows 29 5.6 Locks and fastenings for openable

16、 windows 32 5.7 Protecting display windows: shutters, grilles and collapsible gates 34 Section 6. Locks and other security hardware for doors and shutters 6.1 General 37 6.2 Locking plan 40 6.3 Key-operated locks 40 6.4 Mortice deadlocks with horizontally thrown rectangular bolts 41 6.5 Swing (pivot

17、) action mortice deadlocks with rectangular bolts 42 6.6 Hookbolt mortice sliding door deadlocks 43 6.7 Automatic deadlocks and deadlocking night latches 44BS 8220-2:1995 BSI 10-1999 iii Page 6.8 Multi-point deadlocks and bolts 47 6.9 Barrier bolts 49 6.10 Shutter locks 49 6.11 Padlocks, padlockable

18、 bars and cross bars 50 6.12 Padlockable bolts 51 6.13 Bolts for personnel doors 54 6.14 Hinges and hinge bolts 55 6.15 Hinge guards for timber doors 55 6.16 Metal strengthening bars for timber door frames 55 6.17 Protecting mortice deadlocks from jemmy attack 56 6.18 Fastenings for locks and other

19、security hardware 56 6.19 Locking push-button switches for electrically operated shutters 57 6.20 Emergency exit door fastenings 59 6.21 Key strategy 64 6.22 Master key systems 65 6.23 Electric locking 67 Section 7. Doors 7.1 General 79 7.2 Identification of emergency exit doors 80 7.3 Fire-resistin

20、g doors 80 7.4 Vulnerability of doors to attack 81 7.5 Construction and installation 81 7.6 Locking and fastening 84 7.7 Letter plates and letter boxes 95 7.8 Door viewers and door chains/limiters 95 7.9 Improving the security of existing doors 96 7.10 High-security doors 97 7.11 Strongroom doors 98

21、 Section 8. Shutters, grilles and collapsible gates 8.1 General 99 8.2 Expert advice 99 8.3 Security strategy 100 8.4 Locking and fastening 100 8.5 Electrical operation 101 8.6 Fire-resisting shutters 101 8.7 Roller shutters 101 8.8 Up-and-over doors 103 8.9 Roller grilles 107 8.10 Collapsible grill

22、es 108 8.11 Removable grilles 109 8.12 Hinged grilles 110 8.13 Collapsible gates 110 8.14 Hinged plywood shutters 111BS 8220-2:1995 iv BSI 10-1999 Page Section 9. Glass and plastics glazing sheet and glazing 9.1 General 113 9.2 Behaviour of different types of glazing 113 9.3 Selection of materials 1

23、14 9.4 Glazed areas needing special consideration 114 9.5 Glazing 115 Section 10. Roofs, walls, other parts of the structure and site perimeter 10.1 Roofs 117 10.2 Walls 118 10.3 Ceiling voids, service zones and suspended floors 118 10.4 Cellar flaps and gratings 118 10.5 External drainage pipes 119

24、 10.6 Perimeter fencing 119 10.7 Gatehouses 119 10.8 Traffic barriers 120 10.9 Inspection 120 Section 11. Lighting 11.1 Dedicated and dual-purpose systems 121 11.2 Planning 121 11.3 Pattern of use 122 11.4 Lamps 122 11.5 Luminaires (lighting fittings) 126 11.6 Controls 127 11.7 Installation 127 11.8

25、 Maintenance 127 11.9 Lighting advice 127 Section 12. Intruder detectors and alarms 12.1 Functions of an alarm system 129 12.2 Planning an alarm system 129 12.3 The basics of an alarm system 130 12.4 Precautions to minimize false alarms 130 12.5 Detectors 131 12.6 Control equipment 139 12.7 Wired an

26、d wire-free circuits 140 12.8 Responding to an alarm condition 140 12.9 Alarm transmission from site to remote monitoring centres 142 12.10 Telephone line security 146 12.11 Avoidance of interference with fire alarm systems 146 12.12 Audible sounders 147 12.13 Alarm system maintenance 147 12.14 Main

27、tenance of premises 150BS 8220-2:1995 BSI 10-1999 v Page Section 13. Surveillance systems 13.1 Closed-circuit television (CCTV) 151 13.2 Photographic surveillance systems 154 Section 14. Access control to offices and parts of shops not open to the public 14.1 Admission and exit doors for staff 155 1

28、4.2 Admission and exit doors for visitors to offices 155 14.3 Parking areas 155 14.4 Doors for admission of vehicles to buildings 155 14.5 Unsupervised doors 156 14.6 Special risk areas 156 14.7 Employment of security staff 156 14.8 Electronic access control systems 156 14.9 Access to unmanned sites

29、 158 Section 15. Merchandise protection 15.1 General 161 15.2 Restricting access to stockrooms 161 15.3 Observation in sales areas and stockrooms 162 15.4 Stocking arrangements 162 15.5 Securing the premises at closing time 162 15.6 Counters and cabinets 163 15.7 Window displays 163 15.8 Porch displ

30、ay items 163 15.9 Article theft detection systems 163 15.10 Stockroom discipline 165 15.11 CCTV cameras: video tapes 165 15.12 Movement of merchandise 165 15.13 Public telephones 165 15.14 Waste disposal and other essential services 165 15.15 Company property 165 15.16 Stock control 165 15.17 Goods

31、receipt procedures 166 15.18 Minimizing criminal damage by fire 166 Section 16. Cash, strongrooms and safes 16.1 Cash handling and cash offices 167 16.2 Strongrooms 168 16.3 Safes 169 Section 17. Computer centres, computer rooms and their contents 17.1 Risks 171 17.2 Persons who can be responsible f

32、or computer crime 172 17.3 Reasons why deliberate acts are committed against computer systems 172 17.4 Organizational matters relevant to security 172 17.5 Physical security 172 17.6 Entry and exit checks 173 17.7 Computer personnel 173 17.8 Access control 174 17.9 Contingency plans and arrangements

33、 174BS 8220-2:1995 vi BSI 10-1999 Page Section 18. Security staff 18.1 Accommodation 175 18.2 Security staff integrity and training 175 18.3 Status of senior security officer 175 18.4 Continuity of security coverage 175 18.5 Assignment instructions 176 18.6 Vigilance 176 18.7 Securing the premises 1

34、76 18.8 Patrolling 177 18.9 Links with staff 177 18.10 Visitors and cars 177 18.11 Goods vehicles 178 18.12 Perimeter 178 18.13 Security lighting 178 18.14 Intruder detectors and alarms 178 18.15 Fire alarms and fire precautions 179 18.16 Telephones 179 18.17 Photography 179 18.18 Guard dogs 179 18.

35、19 Essential service equipment 179 18.20 Security companies mobile patrols 179 Annex A (informative) General advice for owners and managers 180 Annex B (informative) Security staff 181 Annex C (informative) Conditions of service of staff 182 Annex D (informative) Key security and keyholders 182 Anne

36、x E (informative) Lighting 183 Annex F (informative) Intruder alarms 183 Annex G (informative) Surveillance systems 184 Annex H (informative) Telephones 184 Annex J (informative) Access control 185 Annex K (informative) Goods vehicles 186 Annex L (informative) Private and company cars 186 Annex M (i

37、nformative) Goods storage areas 186 Annex N (informative) Goods receipt 187 Annex P (informative) Goods despatch 187 Annex Q (informative) Precautions against shop staff theft, shoplifting and fire-raising 187 Annex R (informative) Cash collection procedures 189 Annex S (informative) Protection of c

38、omputers and computer data 189 Figure 1 Major aspects of security 10 Figure 2 Typical window bars (viewed from inside) 31 Figure 3 Typical cross section of a roof grille showing how it is embedded into the building structure 31 Figure 4 Typical key-operated multi-point lock for new and replacement h

39、inged and pivoted windows 33BS 8220-2:1995 BSI 10-1999 vii Page Figure 5 Typical secure mortice deadlocks with box strike plates and lockshield plates 42 Figure 6 Typical swing (pivot) action mortice deadlock to suit narrow stiles 43 Figure 7 Typical hookbolt mortice deadlocks 45 Figure 8 Typical ri

40、m automatic deadlock and deadlocking night latch 46 Figure 9 Typical mortice automatic deadlock and deadlocking night latch for use with Europrofile single or double cylinders 46 Figure 10 Typical cylinder multi-bolt deadlocks 48 Figure 11 Typical barrier bolt 49 Figure 12 Typical surface mounted cy

41、linder locks for shutters 50 Figure 13 Typical security concealed shackle padlock and padlock bar 51 Figure 14 Typical padlock bard and cross bar for close shackle padlocks 51 Figure 15 Typical padlockable bolts Figure 16 Typical lever action flush-mounted door bolt in rebated meeting stile 54 Figur

42、e 17 Typical butt hinges and hinge bolts 54 Figure 18 Typical hinge reinforcement guard 55 Figure 19 Typical metal strengthening bars for frame of inward opening hinged timber door 56 Figure 20 Typical “anti-jemmy” steel plates for outward opening timber or steel doors 57 Figure 21 Typical fasteners

43、 for security hardware 58 Figure 22 Typical push-button switches and switch locking box 59 Figure 23 Typical rim mounted panic bolt with horizontal push bar and “Pullman” latches 62 Figure 24 Typical rim mounted “touch bar” panic latch 63 Figure 25 Typical emergency exit device operated by a lever h

44、andle 63 Figure 26 Typical automatic break-glass deadlock 63 Figure 27 Typical automatic deadlocking latch with emergency exit facility 64 Figure 28 Typical surface mounted four-point locking escape bolt with springloaded bolts 65 Figure 29 Typical master key systems 66 Figure 30 Typical electric st

45、rikes for use with mortice and rim deadlocking latch bolts 69 Figure 31 Typical electric release for use with mortice deadlocks 70 Figure 32 Typical arrangement of a solenoid controlled mortice deadlock (“fail-safe” version) 75 Figure 33 Schematic drawing of solenoid bolts 76 Figure 34 Typical elect

46、romagnetic locks 78 Figure 35 Typical fasteners for “second fix” securing of door frames to surrounding structure without the risk of spalling 97 Figure 36 Typical high-security steel door 97 Figure 37 Typical steel strongroom door 98 Figure 38 Typical chain-operated roller shutter door (viewed and

47、secured from the inside) 104BS 8220-2:1995 viii BSI 10-1999 Page Figure 39 Typical up-and-over doors (viewed from the inside) 106 Figure 40 Typical roller grille 108 Figure 41 Typical collapsible grille 109 Figure 42 Typical collapsible gate 110 Figure 43 Plan view of pipe held by continuous steel a

48、ngle to prevent climbing 119 Figure 44 Typical lamps 125 Figure 45 Typical luminaires 128 Figure 46 Typical secure, rapid and continually monitored alarm transmission paths 145 Figure 47 Typical communication of alarms using a radio access packet switched data network 148 Figure 48 Typical digital c

49、ommunication of alarm signals to alarm companys remote monitoring centre 149 Figure 49 Chart of relative light levels for classifying CCTV systems 153 Figure 50 Typical places where the serial number of a safe can be located 169 Figure 51 Typical high-security doorway for computer centres 174 Table 1 Security measures for windows, arcade and passageway closures 28 Table 2 Typical uses for locks and other security hardware 38 Table 3 Typical applications of panic