BS 8000-0-2014 Workmanship on construction sites Introduction and general principles《施工现场工艺 简介和通用要求》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 8000-0:2014Workmanship onconstruction sites Part 0: Introduction and generalprinciplesPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2014Published by BSI

2、 Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 81444 0ICS 91.200The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference B/209Draft for comment 13/30275704 DCPublication historyFirst published January 2014Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 8000-0:2014 BRITISH

3、STANDARDContentsIntroduction 11 Scope 12 Health and safety 13 Accuracy 14 Materials handling and preparation for work 35 Installation and execution 76 Checking 97 Handover 10AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Parts of BS 8000 12Annex B (informative) Health and safety issues 14Annex C (informative) Buildin

4、g Information Modelling (BIM) and digitaldata 15Bibliography 17List of figuresFigure 1 Dimensional variability for components, prepared space and joints 2Figure C.1 Example of a QR code readable by a smartphone 15List of tablesTable A.1 Parts of BS 8000 12Summary of pagesThis document comprises a fr

5、ont cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8000-0:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 iForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 8000 is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standar

6、ds Institution, and came into effect on 31 January 2014. Itwas prepared by Technical Committee B/209, General building codes. A list oforganizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.SupersessionThis part of BS 8000 partially supersedes some general aspects cur

7、rently coveredin the following individual parts of the series: BS 8000-1:1989, BS 8000-2.1:1990,BS 8000-2.2:1990, BS 8000-3:2001, BS 8000-4:1989, BS 8000-5:1990,BS 8000-6:2013, BS 8000-7:1990, BS 8000-8:1994, BS 8000-9:2003,BS 8000-10:1995, BS 8000-11:2011, BS 8000-12:1989, BS 8000-13:1989,BS 8000-1

8、4:1989, BS 8000-15:1990 and BS 8000-16:1997+A1:2010.Relationship with other publicationsBS 8000 is a series of standards describing the execution of works for a range ofconstruction activities. They are issued to fill a gap in the authoritativeinformation that is available to those specifying and as

9、sisting in the descriptionof processes to ensure better construction quality. The various parts of BS 8000draw content from, and relate to, other relevant British Standards and codes.This part of BS 8000 provides a context for the activities described in theindividual parts, encouraging liaison and

10、awareness of the adjoining/dependenttrades and processes in the construction sequence (whether or not they aresubject to one of the specialist titles in the series).Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this part of BS 8000 takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted

11、as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this part of BS 8000 is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.Presentational conventionsThe pro

12、visions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element

13、.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8000-0:2014ii The British

14、Standards Institution 2014IntroductionIt is generally accepted and has been demonstrated over time that good generalsupervision and control of a process is beneficial to achieving quality andreducing waste and cost (e.g. by reducing re-work). In order to do this it isimportant to have good reference

15、 standards. This is the main rationale behindthe BS 8000 series of standards (see Annex A for a full list of these standards).This part of BS 8000 sets the scene for the next generation of these standards,including a change of title from “building sites” to the more general“construction sites”. Whil

16、e this will initially create a minor titling anomalybetween this and the other parts, it is expected that future revisions of thevarious parts of BS 8000 will adopt this change in titling.1 ScopeThis British Standard establishes the general principles behind the BS 8000 seriesof standards that cover

17、 workmanship in the execution of certain works onconstruction sites. It includes general principles of issues such as tolerance,accuracy, fit, preparation of materials, interdependencies between trades, anddraws attention to certain health and safety issues.It gives links with the Uniclass system (s

18、ee Annex A) to provide a commonreferencing structure with other documentation.NOTE 1 Individual parts of BS 8000 might refer to the Competent Person Schemesin respect of regulatory requirements and to Green Deal requirements.NOTE 2 A list of titles in the BS 8000 series is included in Annex A.2 Heal

19、th and safetyCOMMENTARY ON CLAUSE 2Attention is drawn to existing health and safety legislation, including TheConstruction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 (CDM) 1.All health and safety procedures, protocols and guidance related to constructionoperations that a construction site has in place

20、 should be complied with at alltimes.NOTE Annex B lists health and safety issues highlighted in general guidance fromthe HSE. This is intended as a convenient prompt to users of this standard (and itsother parts), not as a comprehensive list of health and safety issues. For moredetailed information

21、on health and safety issues, see www.hse.gov.uk.3 Accuracy3.1 GeneralCOMMENTARY ON 3.1Each of the individual parts of BS 8000 deal with the trade, material and otherparticular issues to do with accuracy and fit in the completion of that work.The issue of accuracy should be addressed in the following

22、 ways: from a functional perspective: for example, structural integrity is likely to bedependent on achieving a certain degree of accuracy and fit; from a durability (longevity) perspective: for example, poorly fittingcomponents might accelerate weathering damage;BRITISH STANDARD BS 8000-0:2014 The

23、British Standards Institution 2014 1 from an appearance perspective: for example, where panel components thatare clearly intended to align fail to do so.NOTE 1 All of the above are important but expectations and relative importancecan vary and emphasis might shift depending on the type of work and t

24、ype ofproject and the quality required. In any process there is some degree of dimensionalvariability and the magnitude of this variability alters from process to process and isgenerally characteristic of that process.NOTE 2 Figure 1 illustrates the principles involved in considering accuracy in ter

25、msof tolerances and fit.3.2 Specifying accuracyCOMMENTARY ON 3.2Specifying accuracy is important as often no specific parameters are enumerated incontract documents (such as drawings or specifications) but are either specified byreferences to standards, manufacturers installation instructions, other

26、 authoritativeguidance or 0good practice0. In the absence of any reference, the legal principle of0normal skill and care0 applies.Accuracy should be specified by the designer.Where better than normal degrees of accuracy are required by operations on aparticular project or in a particular element of

27、construction, this should be madeclear; for example the casting-in of critical fixings into concrete (functionality) orthe flatness of a floor finish (longevity and appearance) or the gaps betweenwall tiles (appearance). The requirements for degrees of accuracy should bestated within drawings and/or

28、 specifications so that allowance can be made.3.3 Achieving accuracyAll requirements for accuracy should be complied with.Figure 1 Dimensional variability for components, prepared space and jointsNOTE Adapted from BS 5606:1990, Figure 3.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8000-0:20142 The British Standards Instituti

29、on 2014NOTE Achieving accuracy is a process issue which will include fully understandingthe design intent. For example, a critical fixing in concrete might be more reliablyachieved from a process point of view by an alternative to 0casting-in0 and normally,provided the performance, functional and vi

30、sual aspects of the design can beassured, such an alternative process will be permitted.3.4 Nominal dimensionsDimensions that are either given or are normally expressed as “nominal” shouldbe accommodated in designs and allowed for in assembly and construction.NOTE Timber sizing is an example where n

31、ominal dimensions are very often cited.Generally the effects of this inherent variability, between the nominal size and theactual size of a delivered component, is a process issue but only within limits whichare practically achievable. For example, if a construction is specified using nominallysized

32、 timber it is not reasonable to design the adjoining constructions so as to notbe able to absorb the likely variation (e.g. nominal dimensions for timber over100 mm in BS 5606 are 2 mm to +4 mm of variation in section dimensions). Anycomponents or designed spaces abutting such a section cannot of th

33、emselves havecritical dimension that will not accommodate this.3.5 Grid lines and setting outCOMMENTARY ON 3.5It is common practice in construction design to relate dimensions to grid lines.However, while this might be clear on a paper drawing or a 3D rendering, asconstruction sites become more cong

34、ested as they progress and sight lines becomeobscured this practice becomes less practical to translate into setting-out processes.Establishing reasonably accessible horizontal and vertical lines and datum points isgenerally the responsibility of the principal construction contractor with subsequent

35、setting out the responsibility of the specialist or trade contractor.It should be made clear to all concerned where responsibility lies for establishinguseful line and level setting out points/planes for both current and followingoperations.Appropriate setting out procedures should be applied along

36、with systematicrecording, reporting and monitoring of the accuracy achieved duringconstruction. Measuring and other setting out equipment commensurate withthe degree of accuracy required should be used.4 Materials handling and preparation for work4.1 ReceiptCOMMENTARY ON 4.1The individual parts of B

37、S 8000 deal with particular requirements as some of thework sections will have different or particular methods of dealing with materialsreceipt, for example sample moisture testing of delivered timber.The delivery of materials and components should be arranged to minimizehandling and site congestion

38、. Precautions should be taken to guard against thepossibility of damage.Purchase and supply contracts might have their own particular conditions butgenerally materials from third parties should be inspected to confirm that thedelivery is what was ordered and/or specified and to confirm as far as isr

39、easonably possible, quality, viability (e.g. shelf life), conformity (e.g. CE markwhere appropriate) and type. Delivery documentation, including any third partycertification, should be checked and the delivery then signed for.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8000-0:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 3Wh

40、ere operatives will be working with client supplied materials or materialspurchased by another organization in the supply chain (for example a generalconstruction contractor), similar inspection and acceptance/rejection should beapplied. When using bulk materials such as sands and aggregates, wherep

41、articular types of similar appearance but different properties to others arepotentially available, all efforts should be taken to verify the correct one for thepurpose and consistency maintained. Where any non-compliance or otherdeficiency is evident the supplier should be referred to immediately.4.

42、2 HandlingCOMMENTARY ON 4.2The individual parts of BS 8000 deal with particular requirements as some of thework sections will have different or particular methods for handling of materials.4.2.1 GeneralWaste from packaging, protective materials and offcuts can occur at severalstages during handling,

43、 pre-assembly and installation and should be avoided orminimized, and the work area should be kept clear, clean and tidy at all stages.4.2.2 Mechanical handlingWhere mechanical handling is employed, risk assessment procedures should befollowed. These should include references to but not be limited t

44、o:a) following all equipment manufacturers instructions, including requirementsfor specific training in use;b) inspecting equipment prior to use on each work shift and as necessaryduring its use to ensure that it is safe;c) removing defective or suspect equipment from service;d) never loading equipm

45、ent in excess of recommended safe working loads;e) removing rigging equipment when not in use from the immediate workarea;f) maintaining equipment records on the job site as required.4.2.3 Manual handlingCOMMENTARY ON 4.2.3Attention is drawn to The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (asamen

46、ded) 2.An assessment based on a range of relevant factors should be carried out todetermine any risk of injury during manual handling, and should recommendappropriate action (for example, training).NOTE The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended) 2 establishthe following clear hiera

47、rchy of control measures:a) Avoid hazardous manual handling operations so far as is reasonably practicable,for example by redesigning the task to avoid moving the load or by automatingor mechanizing the process.b) Make a suitable and sufficient assessment of any hazardous manual handlingoperations t

48、hat cannot be avoided.c) Reduce the risk of injury from those operations so far as is reasonablypracticable. Where possible, provide mechanical assistance, for example a sacktrolley or hoist. Where this is not reasonably practicable, look at ways ofchanging the task, the load and/or working environm

49、ent.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8000-0:20144 The British Standards Institution 20144.3 StorageCOMMENTARY ON 4.3The individual parts of BS 8000 deal with particular requirements as some of thework sections will have different or particular methods/requirements for materialsstorage prior to installation particularly in respect to such issues as supportingstructural components so as not to induce stress, protection of non-durable itemsfrom the elements or for those of high value from theft. These will need to beconsidered in addition to the general safe storage pri