BS 7907-2007 Code of practice for the design and manufacture of childrens clothing to promote mechanical safety《提高机械安全性的儿童服装设计和生产实施规程》.pdf

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1、BS 7907:2007Code of practice for the design and manufacture of childrens clothing to promote mechanical safetyICS 61.020NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/02/2008 02:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c

2、) BSIPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 56928 9The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference TCI/66Draft for comment 07/30149682 DCPublicati

3、on historyFirst published December 1997Second edition, December 2007Amendments issued since publicationAmd. no. Date Text affectedBS 7907:2007Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/02/2008 02:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 2007 iBS 7907:2007ContentsForeword iiIntroduction 11 S

4、cope 22 Normative references 23 Terms and definitions 34 Hazards and associated risks 55 Risk assessment 86 Garment design, materials and construction 107 Manufacture 178 Packaging 219 Security tagging and display of garments for retail 21AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Injury data relating to children

5、s clothing 22Annex B (normative) Method for determination of removal force of attached components 27Annex C (normative) Method for determination of the security of attachment of non-grippable attached components 40Annex D (normative) Information to be supplied by the designer to the manufacturer 44A

6、nnex E (informative) Testing and statistical evaluation for process control purposes 45Bibliography 46List of figuresFigure B.1 Examples of button boxes 29Figure B.2 Plate for use in button box 31Figure B.3 Example of a suitable grip for testing 13, 14 and 15 ligne (8.25 mm, 8.5 mm and 9.5 mm) poppe

7、rs 31Figure B.4 Press fastener lower grip 32Figure B.5 Diamant upper grip 33Figure B.6 Diamant lower grip 33Figure B.7 Example of the arrangement for testing press fasteners 35Figure B.8 Example of the arrangement for testing diamants 37Figure B.9 Example of the arrangement for testing embellishment

8、s attached to slide fastener pullers 38List of tablesTable 1 Recommended values for security of attached components on finished garments 12Table A.1 Injuries analysed by age 22Table A.2 Injuries analysed by cause 23Table A.3 Injuries analysed by type 23Table A.4 Injuries analysed by gender 24Table A

9、.5 Injuries caused by components of clothing 24Table A.6 Causes of injuries in relation to the categories of clothing 25Table A.7 Comparison of HASS statistics from 1995 and 2000 26Table C.1 Composition of phosphate reference detergent 40Table E.1 Expected failure rates for different Z-values 45Summ

10、ary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 46, an inside back cover and a back cover.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/02/2008 02:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS 7907:2007ii BSI 2007ForewordPublishing informationThis B

11、ritish Standard is published by BSI and came into effect on 31 December 2007. It was prepared by Technical Committee TCI/66, Apparel and interior textiles. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionThis British Standard supersedes B

12、S 7907:1997, which is withdrawn.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard, which has been prepared to bring the standard up to date, and in particular to take into account BS EN 14682:2004, which now covers cords and drawstrings on childrens clothing. This revision of th

13、e standard introduces the following principal changes. New clauses have been added on hazards and risks, and on risk assessment. References are made to BS EN 14682, and recommendations that are now covered by BS EN 14682 have been removed. Recommended performance levels, and test methods, for the se

14、curity of attachment of attached components have been added.This British Standard gives recommendations for the design and manufacture of childrens clothing to promote mechanical safety. The recommendations in this standard are based on the potential risks of mechanical injury to children from their

15、 clothing which have been identified through reference to published accident statistics and discussions with retailers and manufacturers of childrens clothing. The statistics are summarized in Annex A. These have been updated and are presented in a different format from that used in the previous edi

16、tion of BS 7907. A table comparing accident data from 1995 and from 2000 (before and after publication of the first edition of this standard) is also included.Test methods have been included for the measurement of the security of attachment of different types of attached components. The need to be v

17、ery specific in the method of test for each component type became apparent during research into current commercial practices. Owing to the wide range of attached components they have been grouped together for the purposes of the test methods. Grippable components have been grouped on the basis of th

18、e type of grip needed for the test, which has been closely defined for each group (see Annex B). Currently there are a variety of grip designs being used by different laboratories to measure the removal force for the same components and this can lead to variations in the results. The speed of operat

19、ion of the tensile testing machine has also been closely defined as variation in test speeds can also give a variation in the results. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/02/2008 02:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 2007 iiiBS 7907:2007For testing non-grippable components a wa

20、shing method is given in Annex C. The characteristics of the washing machine, the detergent and the washing and drying conditions have been closely defined, as variations in any of these can lead to variation in the test results. It should be noted that, while the test method involves a washing and

21、drying process, the test is intended to determine the durability of attachment of the attached components, rather than the performance of the garment. For this reason the test conditions are much more aggressive than the conditions used in normal laundering.Recommended performance levels for the sec

22、urity of attached components are given that have been found to be achievable on most types of garment and have been found in many years of retail practice to provide safe garments.NOTE These are not necessarily at the same levels as those required for toys as specified in BS EN 71-1:2005.While the m

23、ajority of accidents involve younger children, this standard is intended to assist in reducing the risk of accidents to children of all ages.This standard is intended for designers, specifiers and manufacturers of childrens clothing. It is also intended to be used by importers, distributors and reta

24、ilers to assist them in the selection of clothing that does not present a hazard. The standard also gives guidance for retailers on the safety aspects of the packaging and display of childrens clothing.Assessed capability. Users of this British Standard are advised to consider the desirability of so

25、urcing materials and components from suppliers who operate quality systems that have been assessed and registered against the appropriate standard in the BS EN ISO 9000 series by an accredited third-party certification body.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the f

26、orm of guidance and recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able to justify any course of action that de

27、viates from its recommendations.Presentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its recommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented

28、 in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/02/2008 02:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS 7907:2007iv BSI 2007Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions

29、 of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/02/2008 02:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 2007 1BS 7907:2007IntroductionThe General Product

30、 Safety Regulations 2005 1 require all products placed on the market to be safe, and provide information on how the safety of products should be assessed. According to the General Product Safety Regulations 2005 1 product safety may be assessed by reference to the following:a) specific product regul

31、ations;b) national regulations;c) European standards which have had their references published in the Official Journal of the European Union;d) other European standards;e) community technical specifications;f) national standards (i.e. British Standards that are not UK versions of European standards)

32、;g) industry codes of good practice;h) state of the art and technology, and the safety which consumers may reasonably expect.More details on assessment of product safety are given in the Department of Trade and Industry publication The General Product Safety Regulations 2005: Guidance for businesses

33、, consumers and enforcement authorities 2.When designing childrens clothing, it is essential to take into consideration the behaviour of children, whose need for exploration and challenge drives them to use items in new and different ways. One common factor children share is that they are unaware of

34、 cause and effect and are therefore substantially less cautious than adults in relation to hazards.It should be emphasized that consideration of the recommendations given in this standard from the earliest possible stage, i.e. the design stage, is of prime importance.Recommendations on risk assessme

35、nt are given in Clause 5. The recommendations given relate only to mechanical safety. There are many other safety aspects relating to childrens clothing that need to be considered when carrying out a full risk assessment, including chemical safety, thermal protection (against heat or cold), avoidanc

36、e of overheating, flammability, and protection against solar radiation (protection against sunburn).Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/02/2008 02:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS 7907:20072 BSI 20071 ScopeThis British Standard gives recommendations for the design and manufactu

37、re of childrens clothing to promote mechanical safety.The standard also gives recommendations on safety aspects of the packaging and display of childrens clothing, including guidance for retailers.This standard is applicable to clothing intended for children up to 14 years of age.This standard is in

38、tended for use at all stages of the clothing supply chain, including use by designers, specifiers and manufacturers of childrens clothing. It is also intended to be used by importers, distributors and retailers to assist them in the selection of clothing that does not present a mechanical hazard.Thi

39、s standard is not applicable to:a) child care articles, such as bibs, nappies and soother holders;b) footwear, such as boots, shoes and slippers;c) toys and other items sold with the clothing.The standard does not include recommendations on any clothing features that might be necessary to cater for

40、children with special needs.The standard does not include recommendations on the following: 1) chemical safety;2) protection against allergic reactions, e.g. to nickel released from metal components, rubber and feathers;3) thermal protection (against heat or cold);4) avoidance of overheating in chil

41、dren under 12 months;5) flammability;6) protection against solar radiation (protection against sunburn).2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the

42、latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 1903:1981, Glossary of terms used by the clothing industryBS 3084:2006, Slide fasteners (Zips) SpecificationBS 4162, Methods of test for buttonsBS EN 14682, Safety of childrens clothing Cords and drawstrings on childrens

43、 clothing SpecificationsBS EN ISO 139, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testingBS EN ISO 3758, Textiles Care labelling code using symbolsBS EN ISO 6330:2001, Textiles Domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testingLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26

44、/02/2008 02:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 2007 3BS 7907:2007BS EN ISO 7500-1:2004, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring systemBS EN ISO 10012, Measurement management s

45、ystems Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the terms and definitions given in BS 1903:1981 and the following apply.3.1 childrens clothinggarments intended by design, manufacture or selling route to be worn by

46、 children up to 14 years of ageNOTE The guidance notes to the VAT Regulations 3 give garment measurements for children up to the eve of their 14th birthday.3.2 filling materialmaterial which is encased in fabric to form part of the structure of a garmentNOTE Filling materials include waddings, foams

47、 and feathers.3.3 foreign objectobject not intended to be a part of a garment3.4 ischaemic injuryinjury to a part of the body resulting from a restriction of blood circulation3.5 attached components 3.5.1 press fastenerfastening device consisting of a male component and a female component that are a

48、ttached to different parts of a garment and which is fastened by aligning the two components and pressing them togetherNOTE 1 Press fasteners include poppers and snaps.NOTE 2 Press fasteners can be attached to a garment mechanically or can be sewn on.3.5.2 tack buttonfastening device comprising a bu

49、tton with a hollow shank on the back and a separate sharp tack, which is attached to a garment by pushing the sharp end of the tack through the fabric from the reverse side into the shank of the buttonNOTE 1 Tack buttons are also known as jeans buttons or stud buttons.NOTE 2 Tack buttons are widely used on denim and other casual garments.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/02/2008 02:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS 7907:20074