BS 7901-2002 Specification for recovery vehicles and vehicle recovery equipment《回收运载工具和车辆回收设备规范》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7901:2002 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 Specification for recovery vehicles and vehicle recovery equipment ICS 43.160; 53.020.20 BS 7901:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published u

2、nder the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 21 June 2002 BSI 23 July 2002 The following BSI references relate to the work on this British Standard: Committee reference MHE/3/14 Draft for Comment 99/707697 DC ISBN 0 580 39712 2 Committees responsible for this British Standard

3、 The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Subcommittee MHE/3/14, Vehicle recovery cranes and equipment, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Vehicle Recovery Operators Automobile Association Central Motorway Police Group Health and Safety Executive Instit

4、ute of Vehicle Recovery Lifting Equipment Engineers Association Metropolitan Police Ministry of Defence Recovery Equipment Manufacturers and Suppliers Association Road Haulage Association Ltd. Road Rescue Recovery Association Royal Automobile Club Safety Assessment Federation Ltd. Amendments issued

5、since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 14002 Corrigendum No. 1 23 July 2002 Change to 14.7BS 7901:2002 BSI 23 July 2002 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3T e r m s a n d d e f i n i t i o n s 1 4 Stability 9 5 Mechanical co

6、mponents 9 6 Safe access 10 7 Stowage of equipment 10 8G u a r d i n g 1 0 9C o n t r o l s 1 1 10 Wire rope sheaves 12 11 Snatchblocks 12 12 Load restraints and anchorages 13 13 Ropes 13 14 Winches 14 15 Electrical equipment 15 16 Hydraulic equipment 17 17 Pneumatic equipment 19 18 Passenger cabs a

7、dded to the host chassis 19 19 Safety 23 20 Recovery equipment testing 24 21 Test certificates and documentation 24 22 Information for use 25 Annex A (normative) Type test method for winches 28 Annex B (normative) Static test method for winches 29 Annex C (normative) Type test methods for recovery e

8、quipment 30 Annex D (normative) Production test methods for recovery equipment 32 Figure 1 Example of tipping line for four wheel chassis fitted with under lift boom 4 Figure 2 Example of tipping line for six wheel chassis (balance type rear suspension) fitted with under lift boom 5 Figure 3 Example

9、 of tipping line for six wheel chassis with rear stabilizers/stiff legs deployed and under lift boom 6 Figure 4 Example of tipping line for winch fitted to six wheel chassis (balance type rear suspension) fitted with under lift boom 7 Figure 5 Example of tipping line for vehicle fitted with rotating

10、 boom and four stabilizer legs 8 Figure 6 Text and pictorial danger notices warning of cab tilting 20 Figure 7 Dimensions of passenger cab door aperture 20 Figure 8 Aperture for secondary means of escape from passenger cab 21 Figure 9 Clearances for passenger seats 22 Figure 10 Example of passenger

11、cab step light 22BS 7901:2002 ii BSI 23 July 2002 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of Technical Subcommittee MHE/3/14. During the development of this standard there was no comparative subject in the work programmes of the relevant International and European techni

12、cal committees (ISO/TC 96 and CEN/TC 147 respectively). Attention is drawn to BS 7121-12 which covers the safe use of recovery vehicles and equipment. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Complianc

13、e with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 33 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last

14、 issued.BS 7901:2002 BSI 23 July 2002 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifies performance requirements for recovery equipment specifically for moving a casualty vehicle during breakdown or recovery activities. The standard includes winches used for the dragging or partial raising of the casualty v

15、ehicle. Tow ropes and tow chains are not included in this standard. 2 Normative references The referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (inc

16、luding any amendments) applies. BS 857, Specification for safety glass for land transport. BS 7121-12:1999, Safe use of cranes Part 12: Recovery vehicles and equipment Code of practice. BS EN 3 (all parts), Portable fire extinguishers. BS EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general pr

17、inciples for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. BS EN 294, Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs. BS EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects Principles for design. BS EN 811, Implementa

18、tion of safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the lower limbs. BS EN 1012-1, Compressors and vacuum pumps Safety requirements Part 1: Compressors. BS EN 12077-2:1999, Cranes safety Requirements for health and safety Part 2: Limiting and indicating devices. BS

19、EN 12385-1, Steel wire ropes Safety Part 1: General requirements. BS EN 12385-4, Steel wire ropes Safety Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting applications. BS EN 50081-1, Electromagnetic compatibility Generic emission standard Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry. BS EN 60204-32:

20、1998, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines. BS EN 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 2: Generic standards Immunity for industrial environments. BS EN 60529:1992, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code). prEN

21、13557:2002, Cranes, controls and control stations (in preparation). 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 boom lifting arm, used to impart a force upon the casualty vehicle 3.2 casualty vehicle vehicle which is subject to re

22、covery and/or subsequent movement by a recovery vehicle 3.3 coefficient of utilization ratio between the minimum breaking load and the rated capacityBS 7901:2002 2 BSI 23 July 2002 3.4 competent person person who has such practical and theoretical knowledge and such experience of the recovery vehicl

23、e and equipment as is necessary to carry out the function to which the term relates in each particular context 3.5 fully slewing boom lifting boom fixed to the recovery vehicle that can raise loads at any position within a slewing range of 360 3.6 lift and tow the act of conveying a casualty vehicle

24、 by partially raising one end of the casualty vehicle, by means of equipment mounted on the recovery vehicle, and using the effort of the recovery vehicle to tow the casualty vehicle, the remaining wheels of which stay in contact with the road or are mounted in a wheel dolly 3.7 mean sheave diameter

25、 diameter to the bottom of the wire rope groove plus one nominal diameter of the wire rope for which the sheave was designed 3.8 minimum breaking load specified load below which the item of equipment does not fail either by fracture or distortion to such an extent that the load is released 3.9 nomin

26、al winch drum diameter diameter of the bare winch drum plus one wire rope diameter 3.10 non-slewing boom lifting boom fixed to the recovery vehicle allowing loads to be raised only over the rear of the vehicle and in line with the longitudinal centre line of that vehicle 3.11 over lift boom boom whi

27、ch imparts a force onto the casualty vehicle, usually from above the casualty vehicle 3.12 partially slewing boom lifting boom fixed to the recovery vehicle that can raise loads at any position within a slewing range of less than 360 3.13 plated mass maximum mass given on a plate on the vehicle 3.14

28、 rated capacity maximum load (mass), as assessed by a competent person, which an item of lifting equipment may raise, lower or suspend under particular service conditions NOTE This was previously known as Safe Working Load (SWL) and is often the same as the Working Load Limit or the Maximum Safe Wor

29、king Load, which are other terms used, but it might be less. 3.15 recovery act of retrieving a casualty vehicle from an accident or abnormal situation, including broken down vehicles and/or the subsequent movement of the casualty vehicle 3.16 recovery equipment equipment specifically designed for mo

30、ving a casualty vehicle during breakdown or recovery activitiesBS 7901:2002 BSI 23 July 2002 3 3.17 recovery vehicle vehicle fitted with recovery equipment 3.18 snatchblock wire rope sheave and hook assembly comprising of one sheave only, that can be reeved onto a wire rope without disconnecting the

31、 wire rope ends NOTE This is generally used for two fall working. 3.19 transporter vehicle designed to carry a casualty vehicle entirely on its bed 3.20 type test test of recovery equipment or components to show certain specifications are met 3.21 under lift boom boom which imparts a force onto the

32、casualty vehicle, usually from below the casualty vehicle 3.22 wheel frames equipment used to lift and tow utilizing the wheels of the casualty vehicle NOTE Wheel frames are also known as Wheel grids or Spectacle frames. 3.23 winch design rating maximum allowable tensile force that may be applied to

33、 the wire rope by the winch 3.24 fail safe arrangement of a control system such that a single fault does not lead to a dangerous operating condition and the fault does not remain undetected 3.25 tipping line line about which the recovery vehicle can overturn due to the forces applied by the casualty

34、 vehicle or other external load NOTE Examples of tipping lines are shown in Figure 1 to Figure 5. 3.26 tipping moment moment about the tipping line that can overturn the recovery vehicle, see Figure 1 to Figure 5 3.27 righting moment moment about the tipping line that resists the overturn of the rec

35、overy vehicle, see Figure 1 to Figure 5BS 7901:2002 4 BSI 23 July 2002 Key 1 mass of recovery vehicle (M) 2 applied load (L) 3 tipping line Tipping moment = oL Righting moment = dM Figure 1 Example of tipping line for four wheel chassis fitted with under lift boom d o 1 2 3BS 7901:2002 BSI 23 July 2

36、002 5 Key 1 mass of recovery vehicle (M) 2 applied load (L) 3 tipping line Tipping moment = oL Righting moment = dM Figure 2 Example of tipping line for six wheel chassis (balance type rear suspension) fitted with under lift boom do 1 2 3BS 7901:2002 6 BSI 23 July 2002 Key 1 mass of recovery vehicle

37、 (M) 2 applied load (L) 3 tipping line Tipping moment = oL Righting moment = dM Figure 3 Example of tipping line for six wheel chassis with rear stabilizers/stiff legs deployed and under lift boom o d 1 2 3BS 7901:2002 BSI 23 July 2002 7 Key 1 mass of recovery vehicle (M) 2w i n c h r o p e 3 applie

38、d load (L) 4 tipping line Tipping moment = oL Righting moment = dM Figure 4 Example of tipping line for winch fitted to six wheel chassis (balance type rear suspension) fitted with under lift boom d o 1 2 3 4BS 7901:2002 8 BSI 23 July 2002 Key 1 mass of recovery vehicle (M) 2 rotating boom 3 applied

39、 load (L) 4 tipping line 5 condition 1 6 condition 2 Condition 1: Tipping moment = o 1 L Righting moment = d 1 M Condition 2: Tipping moment = o 2 L Righting moment = d 2 M Figure 5 Example of tipping line for vehicle fitted with rotating boom and four stabilizer legs o 1 d 1 o 2 d 2 1 2 3 1 4 5 6BS

40、 7901:2002 BSI 23 July 2002 9 4 Stability 4.1 General The recovery vehicle shall be stable when casualty vehicle loads are imposed upon it in accordance with 4.2.1 and 4.2.2. 4.2 Static stability (stationary recovery vehicle) 4.2.1 Non-slewing booms Under all configurations of the recovery vehicle,

41、as stated by the manufacturer in the rated capacity chart, the tipping moment calculated for a load corresponding to the rated capacity of the recovery equipment shall not exceed 75 % of the value of the recovery vehicle righting moment. 4.2.2 Partially slewing booms and fully slewing booms Under al

42、l configurations of the recovery vehicle, as stated by the manufacturer in the rated capacity chart, the tipping moment calculated for a load corresponding to the rated capacity of the recovery equipment shall not exceed 60 % of the value of the recovery vehicle righting moment. NOTE Partially or fu

43、lly slewing booms that are lockable in the position as defined for non-slewing booms may be considered as a non-slewing boom when so locked. The tipping line that moments used in the calculations are taken from shall be clearly identified. In the case of partially and fully slewing booms, the variou

44、s tipping lines affecting stability as the boom slews within its full range of movement shall be clearly identified. Where tipping moment for the recovery vehicle is variable, e.g. free on wheels or stiff legs deployed, the stability requirements shall be calculated for all configurations. These cal

45、culations shall form part of the vehicle test certificate (see 21.1). For stability calculations the mass of the recovery vehicle shall be taken as its operational mass without any additional mass e.g. that of a casualty vehicle or ancillary equipment used for a lifting operation. All stability calc

46、ulations shall assume firm level ground. This shall be stated on the test certificate (see 21.1). 4.3 Dynamic stability (moving recovery vehicles, lift and tow condition) NOTE The speed limitation is an operational matter but manufacturers of recovery equipment should take this into account. The res

47、ultant front axle mass calculated for the application of a casualty vehicle load corresponding to the rated capacity of the recovery equipment shall be not less than 40 % of the plated mass of that axle. The recovery vehicle speed used for the calculations shall be either: a) a value, s, in km/h giv

48、en by the following equation: where x is the rear axle mass divided by front axle mass; or b) 80 km/h; whichever is the lesser. 5 Mechanical components 5.1 General All exposed components shall be made of corrosion resistant material or have a corrosion resistant finish e.g. paint or plating. Compone

49、nts that could be affected by road dirt e.g. bearings, controls and cylinder rods shall be sealed. Components that are intended to be handled during recovery operations or are accessible to the operator shall not have sharp edges or rough surfaces. NOTE Components which are intended to be fitted to other components during a recovery operation should be easy to assemble under adverse working conditions. s 160 x 2 -