BS 7581-1992 Guide to presentation of tables and graphs《表格和图形表述指南》.pdf
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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS7581:1992 Guide to Presentation of tables and graphsBS7581:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Information andDocumentation Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authorityofthe Standards Boardand comes intoeffect on 15 December1
2、992 BSI 04-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference DOT/6 Draft for comment 90/96133 DC ISBN 0 580 20904 0 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Information and Documentation St
3、andards Policy Committee (DOT/-) to Technical Committee DOT/6, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Library British Psychological Society Department of Trade and Industry Management Services and Manpower Division (MSM) Her Majestys Stationery Office Institute of Information Scie
4、ntists Institute of Linguists Institute of Scientific and Technical Communicators Library Association London College of Printing Periodical Publishers Association Science Museum Library Standing Conference of National and University Libraries The following bodies were also represented in the draftin
5、g of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Open University Royal College of Art Royal Society Royal Statistical Society School Curriculum Development Committee University of Reading Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS7581:1992 BSI 04-1999 i Contents Page Committees
6、 responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Basic considerations 2 5 Tables 4 6 Graphs 9 7 Forms of graph 11 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 23 Figure 1 Terms used for the constituents of a table 2 Figure 2 Powers of10 in headings 4 Figure 3 Al
7、phabetic arrangement 5 Figure 4 Ordering by external variable 6 Figure 5 Two kinds of conversion table 7 Figure 6 Vertical listing 7 Figure 7 Column headings at45 8 Figure 8 Hierarchy of headings 8 Figure 9 Single bar graph 12 Figure 10 Stacked bar graph 12 Figure 11 Line graph 13 Figure 12 Area gra
8、ph 13 Figure 13 Pie graph 14 Figure 14 Isotype graph 15 Figure 15 Scatter graph 16 Figure 16 Histogram 17 Figure 17 Histogram plotted as bar graph 18 Figure 18 Three-dimensional graph 18 Figure 19 Superimposed graph 19 Figure 20 Thematic map 20 Figure 21 Illustrated graph 21 Figure 22 Pictorial grap
9、h 22 List of references Inside back coverBS7581:1992 ii BSI 04-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Information and Documentation Standards Policy Committee. It supersedes DD52:1977, which is withdrawn. This British Standard gives general information about
10、 the presentation of the simpler forms of table and graph. It is not concerned with specialist work and complex forms of presentation. It should help those engaged in the design of tables and graphs for general use, whether in government, business, research or the media, to choose a suitable form of
11、 presentation and to use it well. Some kinds of information are easier to understand if they are presented in tabular or graphic form, rather than continuous prose, but such forms of presentation can be confusing. The choice of form will depend on what the originator wishes to communicate and what t
12、he reader needs to know. Since DD52 was published, changes in technology, in particular the increasing use of VDU screens, word processors, personal computers and desk-top publishing systems have impacted on the presentation of information and now allow the originator a greater freedom of design tha
13、n the conventional typewriter. It is hoped that this standard will help originators, such as editors, designers and keyboard operators, to make the best use of that freedom of design. The presentation of information on VDU screens has been taken into account in the preparation of this standard as fa
14、r as the constant changes in VDU technology allow. For further information on methods of presenting information in tabular or graphic form, see the bibliography given in Annex A. Although this standard recommends consistent forms of presentation throughout a document or group of documents, various d
15、ifferent forms of presentation are used for the illustrations in the guide itself to show the range available. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a Britis
16、h Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to24, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments inc
17、orporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS7581:1992 BSI 04-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard gives guidance on methods of presenting information in tabular or graphic form in ways that allow the reader to extract information quickly and easily. The stand
18、ard applies to quantitative information in general (including ways of showing the relation between different items), timetables and simple lists. It does not apply to specialist information that may require presentation according to the conventions of a particular discipline. The standard applies wh
19、ether information is to be presented on paper or on a VDU screen. 2 Normative references This British Standard incorporates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publications are list
20、ed on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this British Standard only when incorporated in it by updating or revision. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply. 3.1 axis a straight line use
21、d for reference in a graph, the X axis being horizontal, the Y axis vertical and the Z axis orthogonal to the other two 3.2 bar graph a form of presentation in which rectangles represent the quantity of each category shown 3.3 cell a unit of information within a table (seeFigure 1) 3.4 column a vert
22、ical array of cells (seeFigure 1) 3.5 data line a line joining points within a data set 3.6 data point a point representing an item of information plotted on a graph 3.7 data set a collection of related data assembled for presentation in graphic form 3.8 graph a diagram showing the relation between
23、two or more quantities or variables 3.9 line graph a graph that uses a line to show the relation between two or more variables, measured along a pair of axes 3.10 lining numerals numerals that align at top and bottom, as in the following: 1234567890 3.11 non-lining numerals numerals that vary in hei
24、ght, with some that extend below the base, as in the following: 1234567890 3.12 row a horizontal array of cells (seeFigure 1) 3.13 rule a straight line 3.14 table a list of facts, numbers, etc., systematically arranged in columns and rows (seeFigure 1)BS7581:1992 2 BSI 04-1999 4 Basic considerations
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